1. The Planting of English America I. Into II. England Imperial stirrings III. Elizabeth energizes England IV. England on the verge of Empire V. England Plants the Jamestown Seedling VI. Cultural Clash in Chesapeake VII. The Indians New World VIII. Virginia: Child of Tobacco IX. Maryland: Catholic Haven X. The West Indies:Way Station to Mainland America

2. I. Into A. By the early sixteen hundreds European farming practices have changed the North American landscape B. Many natives are dead due to violence and illness C. African slaves have been imported into the Caribbean D. North America still largely under the control of Spain E. Three new major outposts 1. Spain in Santa Fe in 1610 2. France in Quebec in 1608 3. England at Jamestown in 1607

3. II. England Imperial stirrings A. Little colonization by England occurred during the 16th century B. In 1530 King Henry the eighth converted to Protestantism. This led to protestants and catholics vieing for the majority of the population. 1. When Elizabeth became queen in 1558 Protestantism becomes dominant. a. Rivalry between Protestant England and Catholic Spain intensified Ireland becomes a battleground for this rivalry. The Irish tried to remove the protestant queen from England. The Irish wanted Spain's help. Spanish aid was too little. Elizabeth crushed the Irish uprising, committing much violence on the Irish in the process. The British then took control of Irish lands. This caused continuing religious conflict in Ireland. b. English soldiers develop contempt for "savage" nations. This will affect their treatment of native Americans in the future

4. III. Elizabeth energizes England A. English protestants plunder Catholic Spanish ships to spread their religion and loot gold. They are named "sea dogs" England and Spain are technically at peace. Francis Drake loots Spanish ships across the globe and is knighted by Elizabeth. This irks the Spanish who lost 4600x the cost of Drake's mission. B. England attempts to colonize Newfoundland, but the leader, Sir Humphrey Gilbert dies at sea and the attempt fails. 1. Glibert's half brother, sir Walter Raliegh decides to try again in warmer area. He colonizes Roanoke. When he returns after fighting the Spanish Armada in England, it is gone. C. Spain gets cocky and builds 130 ship armada. The Armada, called "invincible armada" attacks England through the English canals. The fewer, but faster more maneuverable English ships win and are named the "Protestant Storm" England and Spain sign a peace treaty in 1604 1. The defeat marks the beginning of the end for the Spanish kingdom 2. England becomes a major naval power 3. Nationalism thrives in England a. A golden age of literature begins in England including William Shakespeare. 4. The English become eager to colonize

5. IV. England on the verge of Empire A. American population is exploding 3 million in 1550 to 4 million in 1600 B. Land being used for sheep grazing is forcing farmers off the land, and take to the roads C. Only eldest sons may inherent lands, younger children must find wealth elsewhere D. Investors start to pool capital

6. V. England Plants the Jamestown Seedling A. King James tells the Virginia company to make a journey to the America's to look for gold and a passage to the Indies. The Virginia company was only meant to last a few years. If colonizers could not strike rich quick they could be abandoned by the company in the new world B. Settlers are guaranteed the same rights as Englishmen C. The Virginia company set sail in 1606 and land in the Chesapeake bay. The settlers are attacked by natives, but keep going until they settler near a swamp on the river James. On May 14 1607 they call the place Jamestown D. Mosquito born illness kills many settlers. 40 died on the initial jorney. In 1609 a shipwreck killed many in Bermuda. Many died of starvation and illness. Time was wasted hunted for nonexistent gold. Still of the 400 that arrived in 1609 only 40 where alive in 1610 E. Captain John Smith forced the gentleman to work in 1608 Captain Smith had been captured by Indians in 1607, where he had been put through his mock execution, being saved by Pocahontas. He becomes an diplomat between the settlers and natives. F. As the colonists prepare to leave Lord De La Warr shows up and sends them back. He imposes a military rule over the settlers and against the Indians.

7. VI. Cultural Clash in Chesapeake A. At first Pohawton considers the settlers to be friends B. Relationships become tense when Europeans raid native food stores C. Lord De Warr starts a war with the Indian, torched fields, raided villages ect(Irish tatics). 1. The First Anglo-Powhaton was ended in 1614 D. Indians strike back in 1622. 347 settlers dead. 1. Virginia company orders, perpetual wars without peace or truce." E. Third Anglo-pohwaton war is in 1644. 1. The peace treaty of 1646 banns the Indians from Virginia. A 1669 census showed that only 2,000 Indians arrived. A tenth of the original population a. Three Dastardly Ds- diisease, disorganization, disposable

8. VII. The Indians New World A. Changes occur for Indians 1. New horses and European goods opens up use of the Great Plains 2. Illness is a huge disrupted a. Many tribes lose their elders and are forced to reinvent themselves 3. Attempt to find pelts to buy guns with results in violence between indians 4. Indians on the east coast are hit the hardest, Europeans have to adapt to the cultures of those further inland at first

9. VIII. Virginia: Child of Tobacco A. John Rolfe discovers how to grow tobacco 1. Colonist plant mostly tobacco, very little foodstuffs 2. Tobacco ruins the soil 3. Reliance on one crop put all of Virginia's eggs in on basket 4. The plantation system begins B. Self government in the form of the House of Burgesses begins in 1619 C. 1624-King James put Virginia directly under the control of the crown

10. IX. Maryland: Catholic Haven A. Lord Baltimore founds Maryland in 1924 for profit and as a area for Catholics to avoid persecution 1. Lord Baltimore hoped that huge estates would be given to his relatives B. Colonists would only come if offered land C. Tobacco becomes a staple crop D. In 1649 a law is passed giving tolerance to all Christians, but applied the death penalty to non-christens.

11. X. The West Indies:Way Station to Mainland America A. By the mid 1600s Britain gains control of the west Indies from Spain B. Tobaco is the poor crop, sugar cane is the rich mans crop C. By 1640 blacks outnumber whites 4:1 England strips slaves of rights to limit to limit the risk of rebellion D. Sugar takes up most of the land and poorer men emigrate to to the southern colonies