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1. Chapter II
Review of related literatures and studies
This part of the paper of various related literature and studies about reporting crimes to
the police and the use of reporting at the police hotlines that allows the community to actively
participate in the promotion of peace and order.
A. Foreign Studies
According to Merit Badge Information of the Boys Scout of America, the role of the
Police in society is the protection of citizen’s through the enforcement of Laws and
Prevention of criminal activities. This goal cannot be accomplished without the aid of the
very citizens we set out to protect without the help of citizens, the police would be
powerless to stop crime. The citizen therefore plays a vital role in the enforcement of
laws and crime prevention.
The role of the citizen is that of witness, prosecutor and crime prevention. Without the
reporting of criminal activity, the police would only be able to combat crime that takes
place in their presence. In many cases the police must rely on the citizen to prosecute the
criminal. This occurs when certain offenses are committed in the presence of a witness.
For many crimes the police can only prosecute the criminal if they observed the criminal
act. In this case the citizen can obtain warrants, thereby giving the police the power to

2. arrest the criminal on the outstanding warrant. The criminal is prosecuted by the citizen,
with the aid of police. This reliance on the citizen also carries over into crime prevention.
The police must have the assistance of the public to prevent criminal activity. This
comes in the form of a) tips to police regarding activity b) citizen and police partnership
devoted to the prevention of criminal activities for small geographic areas. I.E,
Neighborhood Watch Program. c) Citizen support of programs that give alternatives to
youth, such as the police athletic league, police youth music program and police explores
programs.
There are several ways to report a crime. When a violent or felonious crime is
observed the witness should immediately call 911. It is important to note that the witness
may be crucial in the prosecution of this crime. Give as much information as possible to
the 911 operator and the investigating officer at the scene of the crime.
When a misdemeanor or non violent crime is to be reported, or the criminal act
has already occurred. The witness should use the non-emergency number to the police
department. In Metropolitan Nashville this number is 862-8600. This allows the witness
to report the crime while leaving the 911 line open for emergencies. The police will still
make a report and investigate the crime. It is important to note that a non emergency
caller using 911 line be told to call the non emergency number to report the crime.
The third way to reprt a crime is to remain anonymous. This is useful in cases
where the witness is fearful of retaliation by the suspect. The anonymous reporting of
crime is accomplished by using the Crime Stoppers Hotline 74-CRIME. The caller is
given a crime stopper ID number and all information is kept confidential. You may also
receive a monetary award for up to 1,000.00 for information leading to arrest and

3. conviction, in some cases. It is important to note that information given in this manner
must e supported with evidence by the police. This makes some crimes harder to
prosecute since no witnesses have come forward to help the police with prosecution.
However the information gained by this type of reporting, once corroborated by police
often leads to arrest in very serious cases.
A rising number of criminal acts are being committed by America’s youth, and
young adults. These criminals seem to have a greater tendency for the use of violence,
often unprovoked by the victim. Often these type of activities are committed by a small
group of criminals known as a gang. The gang is territorial and usually tries to dominate
their territory with the use of fear and random violence.
The gang marks their territory with the use of graffiti. This is not to say that all
graffiti is gang related. When graffiti is encountered it should be removed quickly. This
will hinder the gangs marking of territory. If left up, their graffiti is seen as property of
the gang. Retaliation may be made when old graffiti is removed. This gang does not
usually retaliate for the removal of fresh markings.
The gangs effects the community at first through the use of violent street crime.
This sends fear to the citizenry. If the citizens simply ignore the problem it grows. The
gang most commonly progresses to the use of illicit drugs sales and organized crime. At
this point, the violent street crime becomes more directed toward rival gang members.
Unfortunately this violence becomes greater and often there are innocent people caught in
the middle of the battle.
Whether you are a victim or a witness, you have the responsibility to report crime.
If a crime occurs on or around campus, report it immediately to the police. Crimes in

4. progress and crimes that have just occurred should be reported by dialing 9-1-1 from any
phone. Whenever possible, the actual victim or witness of the crime should call directly.
There are blue Emergency Phones located throughout campus and yellow Emergency
Phones in the parking structure. The emergency Phones are directly linekd to UCLAPD.
If you cannot speak, all you need to do is activate the line and he dispatcher will identify
your location and send assistance.
Program the UCLA PD telephone number into your cell phone. If you have an
emergency while in the campus area, call this number and let the dispatcher know you are
on a cell phone and have a emergency. Some 9-1-1 calls from cell phones may go to
highways Patrol, potentially delaying a response.
When calling to report a crime or incident, please be ready to give information
such as; a brief description of the occurrence, when and where the incident occurred,
weapons the suspect (s) carried, where and when the suspect (s) was last seen, description
of the suspect (s) and any other relevant information. In addition to the importance of
reporting, timely information assists in developing information and warnings for the
campus.
The UCLA Emergency Communications Center is staffed 24 hours a day by trained
public safety dispatchers. The dispatchers receive calls from 9-1-1 and business lines.
They assign the appropriate police officers, firefighters, paramedies/Emergency Medical
Technicians (EMTs) or emergency workers to handle the calls.
Non-Emergency Procedures & Reports
For non emergency assistance, please call UCLA PD at (310) 825-1491 or report
incidents in person. The Department is located on campus at 601 Westwood Plaza.

5. Individuals are encouraged to report crimes directly to the police. The Dean of Students,
Ombuds Office, the Bruin Resource Center and the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual &
Transgender Center also are available to assist you with reporting.
Anonymous Reporting
If you would like to report a crime but do not wish to reveal your identity, UCLA
PD offers an anonymous message hotline that allows you to leave specific information
about a crime while ensuring your confidentially: (310) 794-5824. This line is checked
routinely. It is important to know this is a message line, for crimes in progress and other
emergencies you should call 9-1-1. When leaving a message on the anonymous tip
message line, you should describe in detail.
 Who is the problem
 What is the problem
 When did incident occur? If it is happening now, call 9-1-1
 Where did incident occur?
B. Local studies and literatures
Metro police director Chief Superintendent Robeto Rosales urged the public yesterday to use
Hotline Patrol 117 to report crimes only for cases involving emergencies. He said calls for
crime, fire, medical and other emergencies cannot get thought because of the volume of calls
involving non-emergency public safety concerns.
“As such, we encourage the public to support the program by refraining from calling 117
for cases that do not require emergency response,” Rosales said.
For complaints against erring police officers, particularly in Metro Manila, Rosales asked
the public to proceed directly to the Regional Compliant and Referral Action Centers or send

6. details by email by visiting the NCRPO website, www.metromanilapolice.org, or using the
PNP TXT 2920 service.
“The Patrol 117 Hotline network is an existing mechanism institutionalized by President
Arroyo to further promote peace and order and public safety. When a call is made, immediate
response is made based on the nature of the emergency,” Rosales said.
According to the Negros Chronicle, various stakeholders stress the need to establish a
more efficient communication system between the office of the City Mayor and the other
departments under its supervision if only to avoid a repeat in the brief confusion generated by
the missing cellular phones intended for hotline purposes.
It all started with Dumaguete City Mayor Chiquiting Sagarbarria prematurely announcing
that the city police department has already received two cellular phones that will serve as
hotline for swift response to people who are in need of immediate assistance.
Unfortunately, the mayor or his staff failed to ascertain if the two cellular phones were
indeed received by the PNP Dumaguete before making the announcement. They later learned
that the two cellular phones were mistakenly sent to the newly – opened tourist police
outpost in the former health department building.
Hence, while the mayor was making public assurances of the existence of the hotline, the
PNP has no actual knowledge of the delivery and was in fact inserting the hotline sim card in
the private cellular phones of whoever is on the front desk.
Per account of Dumaguete PNP OIC Chief Inspector Rosalinda Abellon, efforts were
made to locate the two cellular phones which were eventually retrieved in the tourist police
outpost.

7. It was then decided to leave one of the units for use y the tourist police while the other
cellular phone was given to the driver of City Chief of Police Supt. Leopoldo Cabanag, who
failed to take the initiative to turnover the unit to the police station as Cabanag was in Cebu
pursuing his studies.
This unwarranted delays earned an angry outburst from Councilor Antonio Remollo’s
who scored the administration because the much publicized police hotline was rendered
unavailable for many days until the lapses were discovered.
Abellon acknowledges the importance of the cellphone hotline that will serve as the
direct access of the PNP to the people who have no landlines and airs hope that his will no
longer be repeated.
In the local tourism front, foreign visitors are also voicing their discontent for the absence
of a three number hotline of the tourist police that can be easily committed to memory.
Authorities explain that they are still awaiting for the approval of Smart communications for
their hotline number.
The 16 man tourist police team led by Inspector A1 Pascual is assigned at the Rizal
Boulevard and the downtown area. They are under the operational control of the Dumaguete
PNP.
On the Official Homepage of PNP, on October 24, 2009, the legal services (LS) launched
Project A.L.E.R.T 24/7 establishing an Operation Center (OpCen) that is open 24 hours a
day, 7 days a week, to respond to calls from PNP personnel in need of immediate legal
consultation. The OpCen is manned by an Active Legal Emergency Response Team, hence,
the acronym ALERT. Hotlines are established making the OpCen easily accessible via
telephone and cellular phone calls, SMS, Fax, Emails, and Skype Voice Over Internet

8. Protocol or VOIP. Able legal advisers are always on round the clock duty to answer legal
queries.
Through the Opcen, the Project aims to provide PNP personnel with 24-hours easy access
to legal assistance, while they are in the actual performance of police operations Project
A.L.E.R.T . 24/7 seeks to ensure that police officers in the field perform their duties and
responsibilities in accordance with the law and established rules and procedures. With proper
legal guidance, PNP personnel may be less vulnerable to procedures. With proper legal
guidance, PNP personnel may be less vulnerable to harassment suits filed against them and
will not hesitate to perform their official functions.
The OpCen proved its worth during the May 2010 national and local elections. It served
as a reliable link between the LS and the Legal Officers deployed to assist the commanders
of the Police Provincial Officers (PPOs) in all 81 provinces. The development was made
pursuant to LOI: “Alalay” which is another LS flagship project. True to the meaning of the
term “alalay”, LS lawyers supported the Provincial Directors (PDs) by providing legal
backbone to the Provincial Election Monitoring and Action Centers (PEMAC), especially in
election areas of concern. The deployed legal officers coursed all situation reports via the
A.L.E.R.T. 24/7 OpCen and ensured that the Director, legal Service (D,L,S) was constantly
kept abreast of important developments within the provinces. The dependable tie up between
the LS at the national headquarters level and the legal officers at the PPO level enabled the
Director to promptly react to a legal situation that had the potential of imperiling honest,
orderly, and peaceful election. Thus, it can be said that the LS played a critical role in
achieving one of the most non-violent elections the country ever had so far. A historic feat,
indeed!

9. The OpCen will prove again its worth this coming ARMM elections. To dat more
policemen in the field consult our duty legal advisers every day. The influx is attributable to
the vigorous dissemination of its hotline numbers and to the innovations introduced recently
in the office. Instead of simply waiting for the policemen-clients to make contact with the
office, Advisory Messages are now sent directly to the cellphones and email addresses of
police investigators nationwide thereby maintaining constant communication and coaching
them every step of their way. Online interaction using the social network “Facebook” also
gives them venue where to read most asked questions by the investigators nationwide and the
answers given by our duty Legal Officers. The investigators could also post clarifications on
the answer given by the Legal Officers.

10. Chapter III
METHODS OF RESEARCH AND PROCEDURES
This chapter presents the research design, population and sample, data gathering tool,
scoring mechanism, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
In gathering data necessary to accomplish the whole research problem, descriptive survey
method is being utilized by the researcher. This method involves collection of data in order to
answer questions concerning the present status of the subject of the study. It is also designed for
researcher to gather information about current existing conditions. Its aim is to describe the
nature of situation at the time of study and explore the behind a particular phenomenon.
Population and Sample
The locale of the study is the Metro Bangued comprising the seven zones of the said
place. Bangued is one of the twenty seven municipalities of Abra. It is the capital town of the
province. The respondents of this study are coming from the different zones of Metro Bangued.
Each zone has ten (10) respondents which have a total number of 70.

11. This is so in order to determine the effectiveness of posting police hotline in solving and
preventing crime in Metro Bangued. These respondents are treated equally to validate the result
of the study. They were taken into account and all of them were given a chance to participate in
this research.
Data Gathering Tool
In order to gather descriptive information, the researcher employed questionnaire. This
type of gathering tool is common and widely used by researchers. The questionnaire consists of
two (2) categories which comprise the following: first category is regarding the Socio-
demographic profile of the respondents, second category talks about the effectiveness of posting
police hotline under the factors of visibility, impact to the community, accessibility and respond
by the officers.
Scoring Mechanism
The following numerical description and its corresponding qualitative interpretation are
used by the researcher to describe and classify the range and interval on the effectiveness of
posting police hotline in solving and preventing crimes in Metro Bangued.
Numeric description Qualitative Interpretation
VM – Very Much Effective 4.20-5.00

12. ME – Much Effective 3.40-4.19
MoE – Moderately Effective 2.60-3.39
F – Fair 1.80-2.59
NI – Needs Improvement 1.00-1.79

13. Data Gathering Procedure
Before meeting the descriptive information needed in accomplishing the whole research, the
researchers set up first all the needed papers as a verification of conducting research and wanted of course
the supervision and counsel of the research instructor.
The creation of statements and thoughts in the data gathering tool are thoroughly formed and
studied to come up with such smooth presentation. The researchers also formulated a questionnaire and
needed to go on the field to determine who the possible respondents are. And the questionnaire was
presented to be approved by the research instructor. Before the questionnaire was distributed to the
respondents, the researchers had then requested the permission to the Dean of the College of Criminology
so as to the barangay captains of the seven zones if be allowed to float the questionnaire.
The preliminary letter, duly signed by the research instructor and approved by the barangay
captains, is presented to all respondents ahead of floating to them the questionnaire. This serves as
consent to please them in answering all the questions and at the same time a guarantee that whatever the
result of the study will be kept off the record.
Statistical Treatment of Data
In the analysis and interpretation of data gathered, the following will be used:
To determine the socio – demographic profile of the respondents the researcher made use of the
frequency counts and percentages with the following formula:
f x 100%
n

14. To determine the effectiveness of posting police hotline in preventing and solving crimes
in terms of visibility, impact to the community, accessibility and respond by the officers, the
weighted arithmetic mean was used. The formula in finding the weighted arithmetic mean of
the foregoing data is
X= ΣXiWi
Σ Wi
Where:
X = Weighted Mean
Σ = Summation
Xi = Raw data
Wi = Weights
Chi-square test was employed to determine the relationship between the resp4ondent’s
socio-demographic factors and the effectiveness of posting police hotline as way of
preventing and solving Crimes in Metro Bangued.