1. CHAPTER 21 Section 1: Threats to World Peace Section 2: Hitler’s Aggressions Section 3: Axis Gains Section 4: The Soviet Union and the United States Section 5: The Holocaust Section 6: The End of the War World War II

2. SECTION 6 The End of the War Bell Ringer 21.6: What were the principal lines of Allied advance? G________ M________ G______ S______ I__ J____

3. After France fell, French generals had predicted that Britain would “have her neck wrung like a chicken” in three weeks. SECTION 6 The End of the War

4. Churchill later commented: “Some chicken! Some neck!” SECTION 6 The End of the War The British had survived Hitler’s aggression. Now, with the help of the United States, they stood ready to turn the tide of war in the Allies’ favor.

5. Battle of Stalingrad SECTION 6 The End of the War

6. Operation Torch SECTION 6 The End of the War Allies Gain Control of Africa (1943): British & Commonwealth troops drive German forces out of Libya, into Tunisia. U.S. and Free French Forces invade from the West. The Germans are trapped in Tunisia, being attacked by Allies from all directions. They are forced to surrender on May 13, 1943, with nearly 240,000 prisoners of war.

7. SECTION 6 The End of the War After the Allied victory in North Africa, Stalin demanded that British and American troops open a second front in Europe to lessen the pressure on the Soviet Union. “ soft underbelly of Europe”

8. SECTION 6 The End of the War Allied Invasion of Sicily (July 9-Aug 17, 1943): Primarily carried out by the UK, US and Canadian forces, launched from Tunisia after recently gaining complete control over North Africa. The Allies' objective is to secure safe passage through the Mediterranean Sea. Mussolini Removed from Power (July 25, 1943): With the war effort rapidly deteriorating, Mussolini is overthrown and imprisoned.

9. SECTION 6 The End of the War Italian Socialist Republic Set Up as Nazi Puppet State (Sept, 1943): The Nazis rescued Mussolini from imprisonment in September, and placed him as the leader of the puppet state covering Northern Italy, after the Allies invaded and gained control over Southern Italy. Germany Takes Control of Italy-Occupied Areas in Balkans (1943): Once Germany was aware that Italy had negotiated an armistice with the Allies, it moved in to take control of Italy's possessions in the Balkans.

10. SECTION 6 The End of the War Germany Withdraws from Battle of Stalingrad (1943): A large part of the Nazi army is trapped inside the city, engaged in urban warfare, resulting in heavy casualties among the Germans. By February of 1943, they are forced to withdraw, ceding victory to the Soviets, who also suffered immense loss of life. The city itself was nearly decimated.

11. SECTION 6 The End of the War German Retreat Out of USSR Begins (1943): Stalled just short of its primary targets inside Russia, the Germans begin to fall back, since their supply lines were constantly attacked, spreading them thin despite their large numbers. Plus, with the resulting lack of supplies, they were suffering from an increasingly high death toll.

12. SECTION 6 The End of the War Allies Gain the Upper Hand in Battle of the Atlantic (1943): The Germans became increasingly aggressive with their U-boat submarine attacks, realizing more success than ever in sinking battleships. May proved to be the turning point, as the full participation of U.S. helped spark a turn-about in fortunes. In addition, the new technologies developed the previous years, such as improved radar and sonar, began to be highly effective. By the end of the year, Allied convoys were inflicting greater losses upon the German navy than losses suffered.

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16. Battle of Midway In May 1942, Japanese Admiral Yamamoto sought to draw the US Pacific Fleet into a battle where he could overwhelm and destroy it. To accomplish this he planned an invasion of Midway Island which would provide a base for attacking Hawaii. SECTION 6 The End of the War

17. SECTION 6 The End of the War Using decrypted Japanese radio intercepts, Admiral Chester Nimitz was able to counter this offensive. On June 4, 1942, US aircraft flying from USS Enterprise , USS Hornet , and USS Yorktown attacked and sunk four Japanese carriers, forcing Yamamoto to withdrawal. The Battle of Midway marked the turning point of World War II in the Pacific.

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19. island hopping Strategy to seize key islands from which to attack the next target, bypassing other targets. SECTION 6 The End of the War

20. General Douglas MacArthur retakes the Philippines – Oct 1944 SECTION 6 The End of the War

22. … back in Europe Operation Overlord 6 June 1944 SECTION 6 The End of the War D-Day

23. Battle of the Bulge SECTION 6 The End of the War

25. SECTION 6 The End of the War Within a week the German High Command surrendered unconditionally.

26. SECTION 6 The End of the War 8 May 1945 became V-E Day – the day of victory in Europe!

30. SECTION 6 The End of the War The Manhattan Project Los Alamos, NM … secret project to develop the first atomic bomb.

31. SECTION 6 The End of the War Japan refused to surrender.

32. SECTION 6 The End of the War 6 Aug 1945 – first atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima 66,000 people were killed instantly – 69,000 injured 9 Aug 1945 – atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki 39,000 people were killed instantly – 25,000 injured

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35. 2 Sept 1945 V-J Day SECTION 6 The End of the War

37. SECTION 6 The End of the War Bell Ringer 21.6: What were the principal lines of Allied advance? G________ M________ G______ S______ I__ J____