2. We can show this pattern by using a MODEL – a simplified picture. This is an URBAN MODEL to show the different land use within a town or city. Each different colour sector represents a different type of land use.
3. An urban model is a simplified diagram to show the pattern of land use in a city. An urban zone is an area of a city that has particular characteristics and the same land use in most of the zone.
4. Patterns of land use in towns and cities Copy and complete the following passage using the words from the box below. Although all towns and cities are different, most have _______ and developed in the same way. This means that they will all have similar types of ______ ____. As _____________ have grown they have developed a ________ and we can show this using a _________ _______ – a simplified picture. This shows the _____ main land uses within a town or city. Each land use tends to be grouped together on the model into what is called an urban _______. urban pattern grown model six land use settlements zone
5. Land use models – Concentric Model original settlement Burgess based his studies on Chicago. He claimed that most towns and cities grow outwards from an old centre and equally in all directions. In Britain, many towns grew rapidly in the nineteenth- and twentieth-centuries. Why do you think that was the case?
6. Concentric Model This inner city area is also known as the ‘Zone of Transition’ or the ‘Twilight Zone’ . suburbs inner city
7. Land use models – Sector Model Hoyt developed his model after the introduction of public transport. He claimed that land uses developed in sectors along main transport routes.
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9. Why does land use vary? Land values are a major influence on land use patterns.
14. What typical characteristics of a CBD are shown here? The Tallest Buildings Public Buildings eg. Town Hall Busy – lots of pedestrians Markets Purpose built shopping centres providing undercover shopping experience Big Department Stores and National Chain Stores – why? Some of the oldest buildings Very accessible – public transport & traffic management required due to congestion. Historic/ old street pattern – often some narrow streets Entertainment e.g. pubs & restaurants High Land values
18. What is the Inner City Like? The inner city includes a variety of land uses. Originally it used to be an area of nineteenth-century terraced housing for factory workers. Some of this housing has been now replaced with high rise flats. Typical style of housing in the Inner City Typical aerial view of an Inner City Area
19. Inner city The inner city includes a variety of land uses. Originally it used to be an area of nineteenth-century terraced housing for factory workers. Some of this housing has been now replaced with high rise flats. The Inner city is also called the ‘Zone of Transition’.
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21. What types of land-use are found in Inner City areas? 19 th Century Terraced Housing Industry – large factories built during the industrial revolution (now some knocked down / converted) Canals and Railways Main Roads (often now ring roads taking traffic out of CBDs)
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23. Problems in Inner City Areas (since 1950s) 1. Industrial Decline 2. High unemployment 3. Abandoned Warehouses – eyesore and led to vandalism 4. High Crime Rates 5. Poor Quality Housing 6. Overcrowding 7. Lack of Open Space 8. Lack of Parking Spaces 9. Atmospheric Pollution (factories / traffic) 11. Loss of community in the high rise flats. 10. Lots of heavy traffic (for industry)
26. The Suburbs The suburbs grew most rapidly in the UK with the growth of the rail network. This allowed people easier access to the city centre for work and recreation. The suburbs contain a mixture of housing which tends to be more spacious and modern than the housing found in the inner city. We can divide the suburbs into inner and outer suburbs.
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28. Inner Suburbs Characteristics Built during inter-war period (1920-1945) . Front and back gardens. Semi-detached. Curved road patterns, & cul-de-sacs. Houses often had drives and bay windows. Off road parking but few garages. Lower density housing. Local shopping parades.
29. Outer Suburbs Characteristics Housing built in estates. Detached with front and back gardens. Curved street patterns. Low density. Expensive family housing. Lots of green, open space. Parks, schools, leisure facilities Eg golf courses nearby.
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31. Housing in the suburbs Describe the pattern of housing in the suburbs. How does it differ to traditional inner city housing areas?
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35. RURAL-URBAN FRINGE This has lead to conflict due to different land-uses wanting to locate here (see diagram for examples)
36. CBD Inner City Inner Suburbs Outer Suburbs Industry Tallest Buildings Shops Entertainment High Land Values High Density Terraced Housing Some old factories Semi-detached housing Some greenery Gardens Low density housing Large detached houses Garages Gardens Rural-urban fringe Industry Retail Units Car parking space Examples: Fargate Netherthorpe Crosspool Millhouses Dore URBAN LAND-USE TRANSECT IN SHEFFIELD
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40. In an exam you need to be able to describe the similarities and differences between an LEDC and MEDC model – Can you do this?
