Ansible 實戰：top down 觀點
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This document provides an introduction to using Ansible in a top-down approach. It discusses using Ansible to provision infrastructure including load balancers, application servers, and databases. It covers using ad-hoc commands and playbooks to configure systems. Playbooks can target groups of hosts, apply roles to automate common tasks, and allow variables to customize configurations. Selective execution allows running only certain parts of a playbook. Overall the document demonstrates how Ansible can be used to deploy and manage infrastructure and applications in a centralized, automated way.
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Ansible 實戰：top down 觀點
- 1. Practical Ansible: A Top-down Introduction Architect @ Gogolook
- 3. 4
- 4. 5
- 5. 6 Modern Web 2015 Bottom-up Ansible IT Top-down ”
- 6. 7 Modern Web 2015 Bottom-up Ansible IT Top-down ”
- 7. 8
- 11. 10 VPC CloudFront ELB API servers MongoDB
- 12. 11
- 13. 11
- 14. 12 lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 15. 13 ad-hoc commands inventory playbook - push playbook - pull
- 16. 13 ad-hoc commands inventory playbook - push playbook - pull roles selective execution
- 17. 13 ad-hoc commands inventory playbook - push playbook - pull roles selective execution
- 18. 13 ad-hoc commands inventory playbook - push playbook - pull roles selective execution Capistrano-style zero-downtime blue-green rolling upgrade
- 19. 13 ad-hoc commands inventory playbook - push playbook - pull roles selective execution Capistrano-style zero-downtime blue-green rolling upgrade
- 20. roles selective execution Capistrano-style zero-downtime blue-green rolling upgrade 14 ad-hoc commands inventory playbook - push playbook - pull
- 21. 15
- 22. 16 control machine managed node
- 23. 16 control machine managed node Python ≥ 2.5
- 24. 16 control machine managed node Python ≥ 2.5 SSH
- 25. 16 control machine managed node Python ≥ 2.5 SSH Ansible: pip install ansible yum install ansible apt-get install ansible brew install ansible
- 26. 16 control machine managed node Python ≥ 2.5Python ≥ 2.6/2.7 SSH Ansible: pip install ansible yum install ansible apt-get install ansible brew install ansible
- 27. 17 control machine managed node SSH SSH SSH host1 host2 host3
- 28. 17 control machine managed node SSH SSH SSH host1 host2 host3 inventory file host1 host2 ansible_ssh_host=10.0.0.10 host3 ansible_ssh_port=2222
- 29. 18 inventory file lb ansible_ssh_host=10.0.0.10 app1 ansible_ssh_host=10.0.0.20 app2 ansible_ssh_host=10.0.0.21 app3 ansible_ssh_host=10.0.0.22 db ansible_ssh_host=10.0.0.30
- 30. 19 ansible --inventory-file=hosts-vagrant --user=vagrant --ask-pass all -a hostname inventory file
- 31. 19 ansible --inventory-file=hosts-vagrant --user=vagrant --ask-pass all -a hostname inventory file user account
- 32. 19 ansible --inventory-file=hosts-vagrant --user=vagrant --ask-pass all -a hostname inventory file apply to “all” hosts in the inventory file user account
- 33. 19 ansible --inventory-file=hosts-vagrant --user=vagrant --ask-pass all -a hostname inventory file ad-hoc command apply to “all” hosts in the inventory file user account
- 34. 20 inventory filedefault: • /etc/ansible/hosts • /usr/local/etc/ansible/hosts
- 35. 20 inventory file cp hosts-vagrant /usr/local/etc/ansible/hosts ansible --user=vagrant --ask-pass all -a hostname default: • /etc/ansible/hosts • /usr/local/etc/ansible/hosts
- 36. 21 ansible --user=vagrant --ask-pass all -m setup host information
- 37. 22
- 38. 22
- 39. 23
- 40. 24 ansible --user=vagrant --ask-pass lb -m yum -a "name=openssh" apply to the “lb” host in the inventory file lb 10.0.0.10 CentOS 7.1
- 41. 24 ansible --user=vagrant --ask-pass lb -m yum -a "name=openssh" apply to the “lb” host in the inventory file invoke Ansible module “yum” lb 10.0.0.10 CentOS 7.1
- 42. 24 ansible --user=vagrant --ask-pass lb -m yum -a "name=openssh" apply to the “lb” host in the inventory file invoke Ansible module “yum” inspect package status lb 10.0.0.10 CentOS 7.1
- 43. 25 ansible --user=vagrant --ask-pass --become lb -m yum -a "name=openssh state=latest" install or update latest package lb 10.0.0.10 CentOS 7.1
- 44. 25 ansible --user=vagrant --ask-pass --become lb -m yum -a "name=openssh state=latest" install or update latest package become “sudo” privilege lb 10.0.0.10 CentOS 7.1
- 45. 26 ansible --user=vagrant --ask-pass --become lb:db -m yum -a "name=openssh state=latest" apply to the “lb” and “db” hosts in the inventory file lb 10.0.0.10 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1
- 46. 27 ansible --user=vagrant --ask-pass --become 'app*' -m apt -a "name=openssh-server state=latest" apply to the “app*” hosts in the inventory file app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 Ubuntu 14.04
- 47. 27 ansible --user=vagrant --ask-pass --become 'app*' -m apt -a "name=openssh-server state=latest" apply to the “app*” hosts in the inventory file app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 Ubuntu 14.04 invoke Ansible module “apt”
- 48. 28
- 49. [lbservers] lb ansible_ssh_host=10.0.0.10 [appservers] app1 ansible_ssh_host=10.0.0.20 app2 ansible_ssh_host=10.0.0.21 app3 ansible_ssh_host=10.0.0.22 [dbservers] db ansible_ssh_host=10.0.0.30 29 inventory file
- 50. 30 “push” mode
- 51. 31 control machine managed node SSH SSH SSH host1 host2 host3 inventory file
- 52. 31 control machine managed node SSH SSH SSH host1 host2 host3 playbook inventory file
- 53. 31 control machine managed node SSH SSH SSH host1 host2 host3 playbook inventory file
- 54. 32 playbook - hosts: lbservers:dbservers tasks: - name: update openssh yum: name=openssh state=latest - hosts: appservers tasks: - name: update openssh apt: name=openssh-server state=latest
- 55. 33 ansible-playbook --user=vagrant --ask-pass --become openssh.yml apply Ansible playbook “openssh.yml” to all hosts in the inventory
- 56. 34
- 57. How about the “pull” mode? 35
- 59. 36 managed node host1 host2 playbook • git pull … • sftp … • rsync … • wget … • … ❶
- 60. 36 managed node host1 host2 playbook • git pull … • sftp … • rsync … • wget … • … ❶ ansible-playbook --connection=local playbook.yml apply locally ❷
- 64. Capistrano-style zero-downtime blue-green rolling upgrade ad-hoc commands inventory playbook - push playbook - pull 38 roles selective execution
- 65. 39 lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 66. 40
- 67. 41 lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04 timezone ntp All nodes will need these…
- 68. 42 lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04 haproxy
- 69. 43 lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04 repo-epel redis
- 70. 44 lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04 nodejs git project_deploy
- 71. 45 playbook - hosts: all tasks: ... - hosts: lbservers tasks: ... - hosts: appservers tasks: ... - hosts: dbservers tasks: ... timezone, ntp haproxy repo-epel, redis nodejs, git, project_deploy
- 72. 46 ansible galaxy [pic] is your friend…
- 73. 46 ansible galaxy [pic] is your friend… Ansible Galaxy is your friend…
- 74. 47 playbook - hosts: all tasks: ... lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 75. 47 playbook - hosts: all tasks: ... lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 76. 47 playbook - hosts: all tasks: ... roles: - yatesr.timezone - geerlingguy.ntp lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 77. 47 playbook - hosts: all tasks: ... roles: - yatesr.timezone - geerlingguy.ntp vars: timezone: Asia/Taipei ntp_timezone: Asia/Taipei lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 78. 48 playbook - hosts: appservers roles: - williamyeh.nodejs - geerlingguy.git - project_deploy lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 79. 48 playbook - hosts: appservers roles: - williamyeh.nodejs - geerlingguy.git - project_deploy vars: project_git_repo: "https://github.com/..." project_version: "master" project_has_npm: true lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 80. 49
- 81. 50 ansible-playbook --user=vagrant --ask-pass --become --limit=appservers playbook.yml apply to all “appservers” hosts in the inventory lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 82. 51 playbook - hosts: appservers roles: - williamyeh.nodejs - geerlingguy.git - project_deploy vars: project_git_repo: "https://github.com/..." project_version: "master" project_has_npm: true lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 83. 51 playbook - hosts: appservers roles: - williamyeh.nodejs - geerlingguy.git - project_deploy vars: project_git_repo: "https://github.com/..." project_version: "master" project_has_npm: true lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 84. 51 playbook - hosts: appservers roles: - williamyeh.nodejs - geerlingguy.git - project_deploy vars: project_git_repo: "https://github.com/..." project_version: "master" project_has_npm: true - { role: project_deploy, tags: ['deploy'] } lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 85. 52 ansible-playbook --user=vagrant --ask-pass --become --tags=deploy playbook.yml apply only the roles/tasks with a “deploy” tag to all hosts in the inventory lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 86. ad-hoc commands inventory playbook - push playbook - pull roles selective execution 53 Capistrano-style zero-downtime blue-green rolling upgrade
- 87. 54
- 88. 54
- 89. 55
- 91. 57
- 92. 57 Deploy software projects (Capistrano-like)
- 93. 58 git source
- 95. 58 git source older build newer build
- 96. 58 git source older build newer build current active build
- 97. 59
- 98. 60 lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 99. 60 lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04 shutdown this on purpose!
- 100. 60 lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04 shutdown this on purpose! visible downtime?
- 101. 61
- 102. 62 playbook - hosts: appservers roles: - williamyeh.nodejs - geerlingguy.git vars: project_git_repo: "https://github.com/..." project_version: "master" project_has_npm: true - { role: project_deploy, tags: ['deploy'] } lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 103. 63 ansible-playbook --user=vagrant --ask-pass --become --extra-vars='project_version=green' --limit=app1 --tags=deploy playbook.yml apply only the roles/tasks with a “deploy” tag lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04 apply to the “app1” host
- 104. 63 ansible-playbook --user=vagrant --ask-pass --become --extra-vars='project_version=green' --limit=app1 --tags=deploy playbook.yml apply only the roles/tasks with a “deploy” tag lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04 apply to the “app1” host checkout “green” branch
- 105. 64
- 106. 65 playbook - hosts: appservers serial: 1 roles: - williamyeh.nodejs - geerlingguy.git - { role: project_deploy, tags: ['deploy'] } vars: project_git_repo: "https://github.com/..." project_version: "master" project_has_npm: true lb 10.0.0.10 app1 10.0.0.20 app2 10.0.0.21 app3 10.0.0.22 db 10.0.0.30 CentOS 7.1 CentOS 7.1Ubuntu 14.04
- 107. ad-hoc commands inventory playbook - push playbook - pull roles selective execution Capistrano-style zero-downtime blue-green rolling upgrade 66
- 108. 67
- 109. • 67
- 110. • • 67
- 111. • • • 67
- 112. 68
- 113. 69
- 117. 71 ad-hoc commands inventory playbook - push playbook - pull roles selective execution Capistrano-style zero-downtime blue-green rolling upgrade
- 118. 72