The document provides instructions for an assessment requiring students to: 1) Analyze an ethical dilemma presented in a health care case study using an ethical decision-making model. 2) Support the analysis with academic sources and propose a solution while discussing effectiveness. 3) Write a 3-5 page paper following APA style and addressing all assessment criteria. The instructions provide details on selecting a case study, conducting the analysis, integrating sources, and formatting requirements.

1. Discussion: Applying Ethical Principles in Health Care
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Instructions: Applying Ethical Principles Develop a solution to a specific ethical dilemma
faced by a health care professional by applying ethical principles. Describe the issues and a
possible solution in a 3-5-page paper. Demonstration of Proficiency By successfully
completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course
competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria: • Competency 1:
Apply information literacy and library research skills to obtain scholarly information in the
field of health care. • Apply academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to an ethical
problem or issue as evidence to support an analysis of the case. • Competency 3: Apply
ethical principles and academic standards to the study of health care. • Summarize the facts
in a case study and use the three components of an ethical decision-making model to
analyze an ethical problem or issue and the factors that contributed to it. • Discuss the
effectiveness of the communication approaches present in a case study. • Discuss the
effectiveness of the approach used by a professional to deal with problems or issues
involving ethical practice in a case study. • Apply ethical principles to a possible solution to
an ethical problem or issue described in a case study. • Discussion: Applying Ethical
Principles in Health CareCompetency 4: Write for a specific audience, in appropriate tone
and style, in accordance with Capella’s writing standards. • Write clearly and logically, with
correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. • Write following APA style
for in-text citations, quotes, and references. Instructions Note: The requirements outlined
below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum, be sure to
address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance-level
descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. For this assessment,
develop a solution to a specific ethical dilemma faced by a health care professional. In your
assessment: 1. Access the Ethical Case Studies media piece to review the case studies you
may use for this assessment. • Select the case most closely related to your area of interest
and use it to complete the assessment. ▪ Note: The case study may not supply all of the
information you need. In such cases, you should consider a variety of possibilities and infer

2. potential conclusions. However, please be sure to identify any assumptions or speculations
you make. • Include the selected case study in your reference list, using proper APA Style
and Format. 2. Summarize the facts in a case study and use the three components of an
ethical decision-making model to analyze an ethical problem or issue and the factors that
contributed to it. •Identify which case study you selected and briefly summarize the facts
surrounding it. Identify the problem or issue that presents an ethical dilemma or challenge
and describe that dilemma or challenge. • Identify who is involved or affected by the ethical
problem or issue. • Access the Ethical Decision-Making Model media piece and use the three
components of the ethical decision-making model (moral awareness, moral judgment, and
ethical behavior) to analyze the ethical issues. ▪ Apply the three components outlined in
the Ethical Decision-Making Model media. • Analyze the factors that contributed to the
ethical problem or issue identified in the case study. ▪ Describe the factors that contributed
to the problem or issue and explain how they contributed. 3. Apply academic peer-reviewed
journal articles relevant to an ethical problem or issue as evidence to support an analysis of
the case. • In addition to the readings provided, use the Capella library to locate at least one
academic peer-reviewed journal article relevant to the problem or issue that you can use to
support your analysis of the situation. The How Do I Find Peer-Reviewed Articles? library
guide will help you locate appropriate references.
(https://capellauniversity.libguides.com/peerreview) ▪ Cite and apply key principles from
the journal article as evidence to support your critical thinking and analysis of the ethical
problem or issue. ▪ Discussion: Applying Ethical Principles in Health CareReview the Think
Critically About Source Quality resource. • Assess the credibility of the information source.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. • Assess the relevance of the information source. Discuss the effectiveness of the
communication approaches present in a case study. • Describe how the health care
professional in the case study communicated with others. • Assess instances where the
professional communicated effectively or ineffectively. • Explain which communication
approaches should be used and which ones should be avoided. • Describe the consequences
of using effective and non-effective communication approaches. Discuss the effectiveness of
the approach used by a professional to deal with problems or issues involving ethical
practice in a case study. • Describe the actions taken in response to the ethical dilemma or
issue presented in the case study. • Summarize how well the professional managed
professional responsibilities and priorities to resolve the problem or issue in the case. •
Discuss the key lessons this case provides for health care professionals. Apply ethical
principles to a possible solution to an ethical problem or issue described in a case study. •
Describe the proposed solution. • Discuss how the approach makes this professional more
effective or less effective in building relationships across disciplines within his or her
organization. • Discuss how likely it is the proposed solution will foster professional
collaboration. Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar,
punctuation, and mechanics. • Apply the principles of effective composition. • Determine
the proper application of the rules of grammar and mechanics. Write using APA style for in-
text citations, quotes, and references. • Determine the proper application of APA formatting
requirements and scholarly writing standards. • Integrate information from outside sources
into academic writing by appropriately quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing, following

3. APA style. Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a
Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like: • Assessment 1 Example
[PDF]. Additional Requirements Your assessment should also meet the following
requirements: Discussion: Applying Ethical Principles in Health Care• Length: 3–5 typed,
double-spaced pages, not including the title page and reference page. • Font and font size:
Times New Roman, 12 point. • APA template: Use the APA Style Paper Template [DOCX] as
the paper format and use the APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] for guidance. • Written
communication: Use correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation. • References: Integrate
information from outside sources to include at least two references (the case study and an
academic peer-reviewed journal article) and three in-text citations within the paper. • APA
format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citation of outside sources in the body of
your paper and also on the reference page. Ethical Case Studies Transcript 8/26/20, 5:16
PM Capella University Ethical Case Studies Main Content Ethical Case Studies Consider the
ethical dilemma the health care professional is faced with in the selected case study. Pay
particular attention to details that will help you analyze the situation using the three
components of the Ethical Decision Making Model (moral awareness, moral judgment, and
ethical behavior). Note: The case study may not supply all of the information you may need
for the assignment. In such cases, you should consider a variety of possibilities and infer
potential conclusions.However, please be sure to identify any speculations that you make.
Incident 2: Emergency Department Repeat Admissions — A Question of Resource Use Matt
Losinski finished reading an article that provided grim details of a study of the overuse of
emergency services in hospitals in central Texas. He smiled that sardonic half smile that
meant there was a strong possibility that County General Hospital (CGH) might have the
same problem. As chief executive office (CEO), Losinski always saw the problems of other
hospitals as potential problems at CGH, a 300–bed, acute care hospital in a mixed urban and
suburban service area in the south central United States. CGH was established as a county–
owned hospital; however, 10 years ago the county wanted to get out of the hospital
business and the assets were donated to a not–for–profit hospital system. The new owner
has continued a strong public service orientation, even though CGH no longer receives the
tax subsidy it did when it was county owned; it must look to itself for fiscal health. The
study data showed that nine residents of a central Texas community had been seen in
emergency departments (EDs) a total of 2,678 times over 6 years. One resident had been
seen in an ED 100 times each year for the past 4 years. Given that an ED visit can cost
$1,000 or https://media.capella.edu/CourseMedia/nhs4000element18655/transcript.asp
Page 1 of 5 Ethical Case Studies Transcript 8/26/20, 5:16 PM more, the nine residents had
consumed $2.7 million in resources. These high users of ED services were middle age, spoke
English, and were split between male and female. Discussion: Applying Ethical Principles in
Health CareTo Losinski, the problem seemed like a manifestation of Wilfredo Pareto’s
classic 80/20 rule. Losinski forwarded the article on a priority basis to Mary Scott, his chief
financial officer (CFO), and asked her to see him after she read it. Scott stopped by Losinski’s
office late the next day and began the conversation by asking him why he thought the article
was a priority. Scott reminded Losinski that Medicaid paid 75% of costs for eligible ED
users and that the cross subsidy from privately insured and self–pay ED admissions covered

4. most of the unpaid additional costs. Losinski had a good working relationship with Scott,
but he was a bit annoyed by her rather indifferent response. Losinksi wanted details on use
of the ED at CGH. He asked the administrative resident, Aniysha Patel, to gather data to
identify use rates for persons repeatedly admitted to the ED. The findings that Patel gave to
Losinski two weeks later were not as extreme as those reported from central Texas;
however, they did show that a few persons were repeatedly admitted to the ED and
accounted for hundreds of visits in the past year. The clinical details were not immediately
available, but a superficial review of the admitting diagnoses suggested that most
admissions involved persons with minor, nonspecific medical problems—persons
commonly known as the “worried well.” Although Scott was correct that Medicaid covered
the majority of costs, the fact remained that over $200,000 each year was not reimbursed to
CGH. Were that money available, it could go directly to the bottom line and could be used
for enhancements to health initiatives for the community. In addition, repeated admissions
to the ED contributed to crowding, treatment delays, and general dissatisfaction for other
patients.Losinski presented the data to his executive committee, which includes all vice
presidents, the director of development, and the elected president of the medical staff. The
responses ran the gamut from “So what?” to “Wow, this is worse than I imagined.” Losinski
was bemused by the disparity of views. He had thought there would have been an almost
immediate consensus that this was a problem needing a solution. The financial margins for
CGH were already very thin, and the future for higher reimbursement was not bright. A
concern echoed by several at the meeting was the requirement of the federal Emergency
Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) that all persons who present at an ED
that receives federal reimbursement for services must be treated and stabilized. Losinski
asked his senior management team for recommendations to address the problem of ED
overuse. Incident 9: The Missing Needle Protector E. L. Straight is director of clinical
services at Hopewell Hospital. As in many hospitals, a few physicians provide care that is
acceptable, but not of very high quality; they tend to make more
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Ethical Case Studies Transcript 8/26/20, 5:16 PM mistakes than the others and have a
higher incidence of patients going “sour.” Since Straight took the position 2 years ago, new
programs have been developed and things seem to be getting better in terms of quality. Dr.
Cutrite has practiced at Hopewell for longer than anyone can remember. Although once a
brilliant general surgeon, he has slipped physically and mentally over the years, and
Straight is contemplating taking steps to recommend a reduction in his privileges. However,
the process is not complete, and Cutrite continues to perform a full range of procedures. The
operating room supervisor appeared at Straight’s office one Monday afternoon. “We’ve got a
problem,” she said, somewhat nonchalantly, but with a hint of disgust. “ I’m almost sure we
left a plastic needle protector from a disposable syringe in a patient’s belly, a Mrs. Jameson.
You know, the protectors with the red–pink color. They’d be almost impossible to see if they
were in a wound.” “Where did it come from?” asked Straight.“I’m not absolutely sure,”
answered the supervisor. “All I know is that the syringe was among items in a used surgical
pack when we did the count.” She went on to describe the safeguards of counts and records.
The discrepancy was noted when records were reconciled at the end of the week. A surgical

5. pack was shown as having a syringe, that was not supposed to be there. When the scrub
nurse working with Cutrite was questioned, she remembered that he had used a syringe,
but, when it was included in the count at the conclusion of surgery, she didn’t think about
the protective sheath, which must have been on it. “Let’s get Mrs. Jameson back into
surgery.” said Straight. “We’ll tell her it’s necessary to check her incision and deep sutures.
She’ll never know we’re really looking for the needle cover.” “Too late,” responded the
supervisor, “she went home day before yesterday.” Oh, oh, thought Straight. Now what to
do? “Have you talked to Dr. Cutrite?” The supervisor nodded affirmatively. “He won’t
consider telling Mrs. Jameson there might be a problem and calling her back to the hospital,”
she said. “And he warned us not to do anything either,” she added. “Dr. Cutrite claims it
cannot possibly hurt her. Except for a little discomfort, she’ll never know it’s there.” Straight
called the chief of surgery and asked s hypothetical question about the consequences of
leaving a small plastic cap in a patient’s belly. The chief knew something was amiss but
didn’t pursue it. He simply replied there would likely be occasional discomfort, but probably
no life– threatening consequences from leaving it in. “Although,” he added, “one never
knows.” Straight liked working at Hopewell Hospital and didn’t relish crossing swords with
Cutrite, who, although declining clinically, was politically very powerful. Straight had
refrained from fingernail biting for years, but that old habit was suddenly overwhelming.
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Ethical Case Studies Transcript 8/26/20, 5:16 PM Incident 10: To Vaccinate, or Not? Jenna
and Chris Smith are the proud parents of Ana, a 5–day–old baby girl born without
complications at Community Hospital. Since delivery, the parents have bonded well with
Ana and express their desire to raise her as naturally as possible. For the Smiths, this means
breastfeeding exclusively for the first six months, making their own baby food using pureed
organic foods, and not allowing Ana to be vaccinated. The Smiths are college educated and
explain they have researched vaccines and decided the potential harms caused by them far
outweigh any benefits. They point to the rise in autism rates as proof of the unforeseen risk
of vaccines.Their new pediatrician, Dr. Angela Kerr, listens intently to the Smiths’
description of their research, including online mommy–blogs that detail how vaccines may
have caused autism in many children. The Smiths conclude by resolutely stating they’ve
decided not to vaccinate Ana, despite the recommendations of the medical community. Dr.
Kerr begins by stating that while vaccines have certainly sparked controversy in recent
years, she strongly recommends that Ana become fully vaccinated. Dr. Kerr explains that
vaccines have saved the lives of millions of children worldwide and have been largely
responsible for decreases in child mortality over the past century. For example, the
decreased incidence of infection with the potentially fatal Haemophilus influenzae type b,
has resulted from routine immunization against that bacterium. Similarly, epidemics such
as the recent outbreak of measles are usually associated with individuals who have not been
vaccinated against that pathogen. Dr. Kerr goes on to endorse the general safety of vaccines
by informing Ana’s parents that safety profiles of vaccines are updated regularly through
data sources such as the federal government’s Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
(VAERS). The VAERS, a nationwide vaccine safety surveillance program sponsored by the
Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is

6. accessible to the public at https://vaers.hhs.gov/index. This system allows transparency for
vaccine safety by encouraging the public and healthcare providers to report adverse
reactions to vaccines and enables the federal government to monitor their safety. No
vaccine has been proven casual for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or any developmental
disorder. On the contrary, many studies have shown that vaccines containing thimerasol, an
ingredient once thought to cause autism, do not increase the risk of ASD. Finally,Dr. Kerr
reminds the Smiths that some children in the general population have weakened immune
systems because of genetic diseases or cancer treatment, for example. It may not be
medically feasible to vaccinate such children. Other children are too young to receive
certain immunizations. Instead, these children are protected because almost all other
children (and adults) have been vaccinated and this decreases their exposure to vaccine–
preventable illnesses (VPIs). This epidemiological concept is known as “herd immunity.” As
more parents refuse immunization for their healthy children, however, the rate of VPIs will
increase. This puts
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Ethical Case Studies Transcript 8/26/20, 5:16 PM vulnerable children at significant risk of
morbidity and mortality. Routine childhood immunization contributes significantly to the
health of the general public, both by providing a direct benefit to those who are vaccinated
and by protecting others via herd immunity. Dr. Kerr concludes by stating that after
considering the risks versus the benefits of immunization, most states require vaccinations
before children can attend school. Parents may decide not to vaccinate under specific
circumstances, however, which vary by state. Jenna and Chris Smith confirm their
understanding of what Dr. Kerr has explained, but restate that they do not want Ana
vaccinated at this time. Dr. Kerr is perplexed as to what to do. References In Darr, K., In
Farnsworth, T. J., & In Myrtle, R. C. (2017). Cases in health services management. Credits
Subject Matter Expert: Diane Dayson Interactive Design: Prathap Muthyala Penchalaiah
Instructional Design: Caro