1. 4 USES OF SECONDARY
SOURCES
John Tiedemann, University Writing Center

2. 4 ways to use a secondary
source
 To support our argument.

3. 4 ways to use a secondary
source
 To support our argument.
 To contextualize our argument.

4. 4 ways to use a secondary
source
 To support our argument.
 To contextualize our argument.
 As an object of criticism.

5. 4 ways to use a secondary
source
 To support our argument.
 To contextualize our argument.
 As an object of criticism.
 As an object of analysis.

6. as support

7. as context

8. as object of criticism
While Urbano (1979b) has shown that a concept of non-order
was an integral component of Andean social organization, this
notion should be understood as an element in the the dynamic
logic of Andean models of society and the universe as a whole.
As a concept, it is very different from the Christian construct of
the devil developed in the late Middle Ages. (173)
...
Several interpreters of Andean religion have asserted that some
form of “witchcraft” did exist in the Andes prior to Spanish
colonization (Rowe 1957:297–98). I suggest, however, that the
evidential basis on which these assertions were made should be
reevaluated. (174)

9. as object of analysis

10. an important difference
 You’re more likely to summarize, rather than
quote, your sources when using them to
support or contextualize your argument, since
you aren’t thereby adding anything new to
your argument.
 You’re more likely to quote, rather than
summarize, your sources when using them as
objects of criticism or, especially, analysis,
since in these cases you’re using them to
generate new arguments of your own.

11. Try to use this passage in any one of the 4 ways we’ve
discussed:
The Spanish decreed that witchcraft and idolatry
were indistinguishable; thus, witchcraft,
maintenance of ancient traditions, and conscious
political resistance became increasingly
intertwined for colonial Indians. “Witches,”
manipulating structures, and ideologies
introduced by the Spanish formed crucial links in
an underground politico-religious movement that
was emerging in response to colonialism.
Irene Silverblatt, Moon, Sun, and Witches, (195)