This document discusses the growing importance of APIs and microservices architectures to support disaggregated applications and cloud-native technologies. It notes that APIs have become the fundamental way that digital services are built and consumed, serving as the "glue" between independent systems. A new programming language called Ballerina is introduced for developing APIs in a cloud-native way using cells, which are proposed as the basic building blocks for composing independent but interoperable microservices into larger applications and enterprises.

1. INTEGRATION SUMMIT 2019
API and cell-based architectures
Dr Paul Fremantle
CTO & Co-Founder, WSO2
paul@wso2.com / @pzfreo
INTEGRATION

2. INTEGRATION SUMMIT 2019
The Integration Imperative is Growing
Disaggregated architectures drive 50 billion endpoints, growing >1 trillion
CONSUMER DEMAND
Scale and agility are pushing
app disaggregation...
…that makes hybrid
integration the unspoken
challenge of all cloud
services
SUPPLIERS DISAGGREGATE ARCHITECTURE TO MEET DEMAND
1
10
102
103
105
109
MONOLITHIC
BUSINESS APP
ENTERPRISE
APPS
DEPARTME
NTAL APPS
SAAS APPS
PUBLIC /
PRIVATE APIS
SERVERLESS &
MICROSERVICES
1970s
|
MAINFRAME
1980s
|
IT
AWAKENING
1990s
|
INTERNET
2000s
|
MOBILE
2010s
|
IoT/AI
2020+
|
DIGITAL NATIVE

3. INTEGRATION SUMMIT 2019
APIs create business agility
that fosters the rapid
business reconfiguration
necessary to continually
adapt to an unknown future
of constant change.”
~ Randy Heffner,
Forrester Research
...And APIs Are The Glue
All integration is becoming hybrid integration
“

4. Why are APIs important?
• An API is a business capability delivered over the Internet
to internal or external consumers
– Network accessible function
– Available using standard web protocols
– With well-defined interfaces
– Designed for access by third-parties
• A Managed API is:
– Actively advertised and subscribe-able
– Available with SLAs
– Secured, authenticated, authorized and protected
– Monitored and monetized with analytics

5. APIs are the products of the 21st Century
● APIs are how digital value is delivered
● Monetized either directly or indirectly
● Increasingly intermediated, traded and marketed
● Not just between organisations but within
organisations as well

6. StubHub is an API driven business

7. TfL is an adaptive business

8. Jaguar Land Rover is an API-driven business

9. Every Bank in Europe is now API-driven
Open Banking

10. Flash is an API-driven business

11. WSO2 API Manager
Leader in open source API Management
WSO2 API Manager 2.6
○ WSO2 API Microgateway 2.6
○ WSO2 API Analytics 2.6
○ WSO2 API Tooling 2.6
○ WSO2 IAM Key Manager Profile 5.7
Hybrid Options
○ Public, private, hybrid
○ Macro and micro deployments
○ Dozens of install & update packages
○ WSO2 Update Manager with incremental updates

12. What about security?
● Encryption, Tokens, SSO
● Multi-factor authentication
● Fraud detection and
real-time analysis
● Step-up authentication
● Adaptive authentication

13. ● An API Marketplace goes
above and beyond the API
Developer Portal
● Enables aggregation and trade
in APIs
● Creates new revenue sharing
models
API Marketplaces

14. IdeaBiz
In the first 18 months, 2500 developers created 3300 apps

15. Physical
Functional
Linux/OS
Virtualization
Cloud
Containers
K8s, Cloud
Orchestration
ABIs Web Services SOA APIs Endpoints
Cloud Native

16. INTEGRATION SUMMIT 2019
A cloud-native programming language for building APIs
● A compiled, transactional, statically and
strongly typed programming language with
textual and graphical syntaxes.
● Incorporates fundamental concepts of
distributed system integration
● Offers a type safe, concurrent environment
to implement microservices with
distributed transactions, reliable
messaging, stream processing, and
workflows.

17. INTEGRATION SUMMIT 2019
Ballerina - code and visual syntax in sync

18. The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from
self-organizing teams.
The Agile Manifesto
Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors,
developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace
indefinitely.
Deliver working software frequently with a preference to the shorter
timescale.
“
“
“

19. The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from
self-organizing teams.
The Agile Manifesto
Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors,
developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace
indefinitely.
Deliver working software frequently with a preference to the shorter
timescale.
“
“
“

20. Two Pizza Rulehttps://flic.kr/p/X9B7CH

21. n(n-1)
2
Simple maths

23. A team which:
● Manages its own work
● Pulls work
● Doesn’t require “command and control”
● Communicates effectively with each other
● Is not afraid to ask questions
● Continuously evolves skills and capabilities
What is a “self-organizing” team?
https://www.scrumalliance.org/community/articles/2013/january/self-organizing-teams-what-and-how

24. Conway’s Law
Organizations which design systems are
constrained to produce designs which are copies of
the communication structures of these
organizations.
— M. Conway, 1967
24

25. Conway’s Law
Organizations which design systems are
constrained to produce designs which are copies of
the communication structures of these
organizations.
— M. Conway, 1967
25
“If you have four groups working on a compiler, you'll end
up with a four-pass compiler.”
Eric Raymond

26. 26

27. Agile is here
- just not very
evenly distributed

30. Physical
Functional
Linux/OS
Virtualization
Cloud
Containers
K8s, Cloud
Orchestration
ABIs Web Services SOA APIs Endpoints
O
rganizational
Composable Enterprise

31. Uber in 2016
“Several hundred microservices”

32. Uber in
2019

34. The cell is the basic structural,
functional, and biological unit
of all known living organisms

35. Cell boundaries
Transmembrane receptors and signalling

36. API Microgateway

37. https://github.com/wso2/product-microgateway
https://wso2.com/api-management/api-microgateway/

39. INTEGRATION SUMMIT 2019
Self-contained
Deployable as a unit
API Centric
Data plane and control plane
Cells are the building blocks of a composable
enterprise

40. https://wso2-cellery.github.io/

41. Cellery - simple composition and graphical view

42. Summary
• Disaggregation is inevitable
• Cloud Native + APIs + Teams => Agility
• An API strategy is essential for
– Digital transformation, and
– Organisational effectiveness
• Ballerina is the first language designed for APIs
• Cells are building blocks of a composable enterprise

43. THANK YOU
wso2.com