My final presentation during my graduation at the Delft University of Technology

1. Non-Invasive Electromagnetic Ablation of Female Breast Tumors Master Thesis Presentation Wyger Brink

2. Contents Introduction Investigated configuration Field computation Power optimization Results Conclusions and recommendations

4. Most common malignant tumor among women

5. Treatment often introduces strong side effects

6. Thermal ablation

7. Ablate tumor > 50°C

8. Preserve healthy tissue < 43°C

9. Focused electromagnetic waves

10. High conductivity of the tumor improves the local heating

11. Breast causes scattering of the waves

14. Two-dimensional configuration

15. Single frequency between 1 and 10 GHz

16. Tissue is linear, time-invariant, dispersive, isotropic, temperature-independent

17. Skin is cooled on beforehand

18. Heat transfer during the treatment can be neglectedQuantative power goal: focal spot ~ 7cm to 7mm

20. Circular array of magnetic current line sources

21. Superposition principlefield generated by source complex feed vector

23. Cole-Cole model for dispersion

24. Structure is mapped from MRI imageB A C

26. Goal: minimize difference between left and right hand sideEFIE Cost functional Updates approximation global error normalization factor conjugate gradient update direction optimized step size

28. Maximize average power in tumorPerformance functional Eigenvalue problem input power

30. Maximize average power contrastPerformance functional Generalized eigenvalue problem average power in healthy tissue

32. Balance between conflicting objectives

33. Iteratively improve a given feed vector Cost functional average power in healthy tissue weighting parameter deviation from starting point

35. Weak dependence; 20

36. Frequency

37. Strong dependence; 4 GHz

38. Number of sources

40. Permittivity: 20

41. Conductivity: 1 nS/m

43. Combining complementary patterns reduces the side lobes1st mode 2nd mode + =

46. Conjugate gradient method: optimal

48. : Focus in tumor : Maximize power contrast : Improve given pattern Results 3/6 Realistic breast model – Tumor A & B

49. : Focus in tumor : Maximize power contrast : Improve given pattern Results 4/6 Realistic breast model – Tumor C 95% tumor > 50°C Tumor C 20%healthy tissue > 43°C

50. : Focus in tumor : Maximize power contrast : Improve given pattern Results 5/6 Realistic breast model – Tumor C 95% tumor > 50°C 94.2% healthy tissue < 43°C

51. : Focus in tumor : Maximize power contrast : Improve given pattern Results 6/6 Realistic breast model – Tumor C

53. Multiple frequencies should be considered

55. Thankyouforyourattention!