Form 4 chapter 2
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This document discusses the basics of matter including atoms, molecules, ions, elements, and compounds. It defines these terms and explains how atomic force microscopy and surface electron tunneling microscopy can be used to observe atoms and determine if something is an element or compound. It also covers the three main states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - and how their arrangement and movement differs. Additionally, it discusses kinetic molecular theory and how energy is required to change a substance's state through processes like melting and boiling that involve breaking and forming bonds between atoms.
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Form 4 chapter 2
- 2. Atoms • Smallest particle of an element
- 3. Molecules • Two or more atoms bonded together COVALENTLY
- 6. Ion • Positively charged or negatively charged
- 7. Elements • Consists of only one atoms
- 8. Sulphur is an element !
- 9. • Consists of ALL the same ATOMS • All S atoms
- 10. How do we know ? • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
- 13. Diamond • Consists of ALL the same ATOMS • All C atoms
- 16. Compounds • Consists of only two or more different atoms BONDED CHEMICALLY TOGETHER
- 19. How do we know ? • Surface Electron Tunneling Microscope
- 20. • NaCl a compound !
- 21. Sulphur hexafluoride • Contains S and F
- 22. NanoKids
- 24. Kinetic Theory of Matter FAME !!
- 25. State Solid Liquid Gas Arrangement Movement Vibrate and Rotate Packed closely but no Very far from one and FIXED position in order another in random arrangement Forces of Attraction Strong Medium Weak Energy Content Low Medium High
- 28. Napthalene • Has Van Der Waals attraction
- 30. A to B • Solid temperature increase
- 31. B to C • Energy absorbed used to break bonds • Breaking bonds needs ENERGY !
- 32. C to D • Liquid temperature increase
- 33. D to E • Boiling !!!
- 34. E to F • Gas temperature increase
- 36. Bond formation • Bond formation needs energy ! Bond breaking: Absorb Energy Bond formation: Release Energy
- 37. Bond formation Releases Heat into water
- 38. BUT…. Water Releases Heat into surroundings