The members of the Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) project have been developing the Unified Code Base (UCB) distribution for automotive use since 2015. Initially the focus was on In-Vehicle Infotainment systems, but lately the project has turned towards instrument cluster, telematics, heads-up display, and other safety critical systems that require ISO 26262 ASIL-B certification. Car and truck manufacturers are looking for AGL to provide a solution that makes use of AGL in a way that meets the demands of ISO 26262 and is readily available to a broad community. Walt takes a look at what has been done on the AGL community to prepare for this and looks to how AGL can work with the Xen project to make this a reality.

1. Using Xen to Enable an Open
Source Safety Certifiable
Automotive Grade Linux
Xen Developer and Design Summit
July 10, 2019
Walt Miner – AGL Community Manager
Twitter: @VStarWalt
wminer@linuxfoundation.org

2. Who is This Guy?
• Linux Foundation employee (~5 yrs)
• AGL Development and Community Manager
• Previously at MontaVista and Mentor
Graphics
• Continental AG
• Motorola Mobile Devices
• Motorola Telematics Communications
Group
• ITT Avionics and Northrop Grumman
Electronic Warfare Systems
License for use: Creative Commons Attibution 4.0 International (see
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3. What is AGL?
● Open source Linux-based collaborative project
● Hosted at Linux Foundation
● Focused on rapid innovation of vehicle software
using the AGL Unified Code Base
Slide 3
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Collaborating to build the car of the
future through rapid innovation

4. Autonomous Driving
Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems
(ADAS)
Functional
Safety
Heads-up
Display (HUD)
Infotainment Instrument
Cluster
Telematics/
Connectivity
the only
organization
addressing
all software in
the car
4

5. AGL Unified Code Base
• Develop a single open source software platform for
the entire industry, reducing fragmentation
• Provide at least 70% of the base platform for
production projects
• Cultivate an ecosystem of developers, suppliers, and
automotive expertise all using a single platform
• Reference hardware and applications available for
adaptation
Slide 5
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6. Total of 9 OEMs supporting AGL!
Slide 6
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

7. AGL Members - Over 130 companies!
Bronze Platinum
Gold
Silver
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8. AGL UCB - Thanks for all the fish…
Agile Albacore – Jan 2016
Brilliant Blowfish – July 2016
Charming Chinook – Dec 2016
Daring Dab – July 2017
Electric Eel – Jan 2018
Funky Flounder – Oct 2018
Grumpy Guppy – Feb 2019
Happy Halibut – July 2019
Itchy Icefish – Jan 2020
Slide 8
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9. HOW DOES XEN FIT IN?
Slide 9
License for use: Creative Commons Attibution 4.0 International (see
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10. AGL Expert Groups
• Application Framework and Security
• Connectivity
• Continuous Integration and Automated Test
• Graphics and UI
• Navigation
• Virtualization
• Reference Hardware System Architecture
• Speech
• Vehicle to Cloud
• Instrument Cluster
• Requirements Specification
Slide 10
License for use: Creative Commons Attibution 4.0 International (see
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11. AGL Virtualization EG
• Active since 2017
• Focus includes hypervisors and Linux
containers
• Published White Paper in June 2018 – “The
Automotive Grade Linux Software Defined
Connected Car Architecture”
https://www.automotivelinux.org/blog/2018/06/20/agl-
publishes-virtualization-white-paper
Slide 11
https://wiki.automotivelinux.org/eg-virt
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12. IDEA #1 - ECU CONSOLIDATION
Slide 12
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13. Autonomous Driving
Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems
(ADAS)
Functional
Safety
Heads-up
Display (HUD)
Infotainment Instrument
Cluster
Telematics/
Connectivity
the only
organization
addressing
all software in
the car
13

14. Autonomous Driving
Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems
(ADAS)
Functional
Safety
Heads-up
Display (HUD)
Infotainment Instrument
Cluster
Telematics/
Connectivity
the only
organization
addressing
all software in
the car
14

15. Autonomous Driving
Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems
(ADAS)
Functional
Safety
Heads-up
Display (HUD)
Infotainment Instrument
Cluster
Telematics/
Connectivity
the only
organization
addressing
all software in
the car
15

16. ECU Consolidation
• BOM Cost Benefits?
• Maybe, Maybe not.
• All Features carried throughout vehicle line
• All Costs carried throughout vehicle line
• Software Complexity
• Higher complexity (and probably NRE cost) balanced
against possible BOM reduction
• Reduce time to market by reusing existing software
with hypervisor?
License for use: Creative Commons Attibution 4.0 International (see
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Slide 16

17. IDEA #2 – FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
Slide 17
License for use: Creative Commons Attibution 4.0 International (see
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

18. Autonomous Driving
Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems
(ADAS)
Functional
Safety
Heads-up
Display (HUD)
Infotainment Instrument
Cluster
Telematics/
Connectivity
the only
organization
addressing
all software in
the car
18

19. Autonomous Driving
Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems
(ADAS)
Functional
Safety
Heads-up
Display (HUD)
Infotainment Instrument
Cluster
Telematics/
Connectivity
the only
organization
addressing
all software in
the car
19

20. Autonomous Driving
Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems
(ADAS)
Functional
Safety
Heads-up
Display (HUD)
Infotainment Instrument
Cluster
Telematics/
Connectivity
the only
organization
addressing
all software in
the car
20

21. Autonomous Driving
Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems
(ADAS)
Functional
Safety
Heads-up
Display (HUD)
Infotainment Instrument
Cluster
Telematics/
Connectivity
the only
organization
addressing
all software in
the car
21

22. Autonomous Driving
Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems
(ADAS)
Functional
Safety
Heads-up
Display (HUD)
Infotainment Instrument
Cluster
Telematics/
Connectivity
the only
organization
addressing
all software in
the car
22

23. Functional Safety
• ISO 26262 – “Road Vehicles – Functional
Safety”
• Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL)
• ASIL A – Least Restrictive
• ASIL B – Instrument Cluster or Telematics
• ASIL C – Digital Mirror
• ASIL D - ADAS
23

24. Functional Safety
• ISO 26262 – “Road Vehicles – Functional
Safety”
• Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL)
• ASIL A – Least Restrictive
• ASIL B – Instrument Cluster or Telematics
• ASIL C – Digital Mirror
• ASIL D - ADAS
24

25. ACHIEVING FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
Slide 25
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26. Today…
• ISO 26262 requires certification of the system
not the software or one component
• Xen, AGL, Linux are all just pieces of the puzzle
• There are a lot of people studying this, but no
one knows for certain how to get there.
• Is there a good problem statement?
• What does victory look like?
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27. AGL
• Instrument Cluster EG most interested in ISO
26262 ASIL B for upcoming production systems
• Getting a read out from OEMs exactly what is
safety critical for Instrument Cluster (engine light,
etc.)
• Moving to mixed criticality model with hypervisor
• AGL in one VM with non-critical functions
• AGL has been shown running on Xen by EPAM
and others
Slide 27
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28. AGL Virtualized Architecture
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The AGL virtualized architecture is
composed by:
• Execution environments (EEs)
• Virtualization platform
• Communication buses

29. AGL Virtualized Architecture
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Instrument Cluster
• AGL as Non-Critical EE
• Certified RTOS runs Critical EE
• Xen as Virtualization platform
• Renesas Rcar – E3
Xen for FuSa
Renesas Rcar E3
Automotive Grade
Linux
RTOS

30. License for use: Creative Commons Attibution 4.0 International (see
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Slide 30
• Enabling Linux in Safety Applications
• Cross-Industry including automotive, healthcare,
industrial, and energy
• Developing Best Practices, Tools, and Elements
for creating certified Linux based systems
• Just getting started. First F2F meeting held in
Munich in June.
• More information at https://elisa.tech/

31. Xen FuSa SIG
• Started earlier this year
• MISRA C for Xen
• How can AGL help drive this to achieve
instrument cluster use case by end of 2020?
Slide 31
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32. DEVELOPER RESOURCES
Slide 32
License for use: Creative Commons Attibution 4.0 International (see
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

33. AGL Documentation
• Getting Started
https://wiki.automotivelinux.org/start/getting-started
• AGL documentation site
http://docs.automotivelinux.org/
• AGL Wiki
https://wiki.automotivelinux.org/
• AGL Jira
https://jira.automotivelinux.org/
Slide 33
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34. Get The Code
• Pre-built binaries and source tar balls available
• https://www.automotivelinux.org/software/
download
• Latest Source Code and Build Instructions
• https://wiki.automotivelinux.org/agl-distro/source-
code
• Release Notes
https://wiki.automotivelinux.org/agl-distro/
release-notes
Slide 34
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35. AGL Code
• AGL gerrit
http://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/
• AGL git
https://git.automotivelinux.org/
Slide 35
License for use: Creative Commons Attibution 4.0 International (see
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

36. Ask Questions
• Weekly Developer Call on Tuesdays
https://wiki.automotivelinux.org/dev-call-info
• IRC channel #automotive on freenode.net
Discussion about open source software for vehicles. No help for mechanical issues
should be accepted from anyone on this channel.
• Weekly Newsletter
https://wiki.automotivelinux.org/newsletter
• Discussions Mail List
https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/automotive-
discussions
Slide 36
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37. Acknowledgements
• Michele Paolino – Virtual Open
Systems and AGL Virtualization
Expert Group Lead
• Walt Miner – The Linux
Foundation
• Daniel Bernal – ARM
• Artem Mygaiev – EPAM
• Tiejun Chen – Vmware
• Rich Persaud – OpenXT
• Tero Antero Salminen –
OpenSynergy
• Adam Lackorzynski – Kernkonzept
• Ciwan Gouman - SYSGO
• Praveen Kumar – Sasaken
• Alexander Damisch – Kevix
• Jonathan Kline – Star Lab
• Denys Balatsko – GlobalLogic
• Dan Mender – Green Hills
Software
• Toni Hoang – Daimler
• Lars Kurth –Citrix
• Alex Agizim - EPAM
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38. Sources
• https://thenewstack.io/open-source-cloud-
computing-and-the-connected-car/?
fbclid=IwAR3XpdLqKuWZUNEngosDE5h3MJUT
s_Z564gYJUE_dHcmhN33xg7mfR4OLjs
• https://www.automotivelinux.org/blog/
2018/06/20/agl-publishes-virtualization-
white-paper
• Artem’s
License for use: Creative Commons Attibution 4.0 International (see
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39. Q & A/ Discussion

40. THANK YOU