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Cognitive Radio for Military Communications SPAWAR March 2012
1. xMax Cognitive Radio Networks
The information presented herein is strictly confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
MARCH 2012 registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved.
www.xgtechnology.com
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 1
www.xgtechnology.com
2. Why cognitive radio matters
Spectrum challenges for the warfighter are Civilian and host nation operators are
multiplied by global operations and jamming demanding additional spectrum resources for
(intentional & unintentional) data hungry consumers
Inundated
Global
Spectrum
Existing Spectrum Allocations
Exponential globalSpectrum Allocations challenges
Existing spectrum management
Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) and Cognitive Radio
• Identify and access unused spectrum globally
Solution
• Advanced interference detection, mitigation and avoidance
• Connectivity and capacity – when and where needed
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 2
www.xgtechnology.com
3. Commercial vs. military challenges
Commercial Environment Military Environment
Massive demand for wireless applications Issue every soldier a cell phone
Limited supply of spectrum No new spectrum – relocate/share existing?
Lack of spectrum precludes new market Host nation spectrum access
entry
Expensive service plans Expensive service plans
Mobility On the move
Smartphone adoption Smartphone as force multiplier
► Shared pursuit of a cost-effective mobile voice and broadband capability
using a single set of IP infrastructure
► Flexible all-IP architecture allows xMax to answer commercial and unique
military requirements – “future-proof”
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 3
www.xgtechnology.com
4. Unique military requirements
Commercial Environment Military Environment
MilitaryEnvironment
Massive demand for wireless applications Issue every soldier a cell phone
Issueevery soldier a cell phone
Limited supply of spectrum No new spectrum – – relocate/share exisiting?
new spectrum relocate/share existing?
Lack of spectrum precludes new market entry Host nation spectrum access
Host nation spectrum access
Expensive service plans Expensive service plans
Expensive service plans
Mobility On the move
On the move
Smartphone adoption Smartphone as force multiplier
Smartphone as force multiplier
Security, encryption, LPD, LPI, LPJ
Additional requirements Reduced SWaP
Expeditionary/tactical networks
“Commercial cellular communications Real-time apps, low latency, future-proof
has much to offer the Army but
Rapid deploy, self organizing networks
CANNOT support all phases of military
operations” Precedence, flow management
– CERDEC S&TCD Feb 8th, 2011 Apps, C3I, across the operational continuum
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 4
www.xgtechnology.com
5. Traditional approach …
► Cognitive radio identifies spectrum that is not
being fully used …
► … and dynamically tunes to those frequencies if
interference is detected on channel currently in
use (DSA)
► Priority is to minimize interference to other
devices by ‘running away’
► Often, alternative channel choice preset (and can
be predicted and hacked/jammed)
The focus on ‘running away’ from interference does a poor job of optimizing all available
spectrum resources i.e., Grey/Black Spaces, not “White Spaces”
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 5
www.xgtechnology.com
6. … vs. xMax approach
► Advanced sensing and multi-spatial interference
mitigation and avoidance technologies offer the ability
− both to mitigate interference, which extends “dwell
time” on the current frequency …
− … and avoid interference by hopping to other ‘cleaner’
channel instantly if interference is overwhelming and
performance falls below set thresholds (within 40ms)
► In addition, to maximize throughput (or range) and
minimize interference, xMax dynamically adapts
network architecture to real-time conditions
− power output
− modulation
− channel plan
− network protocol
xG’s cognitive radio network solution dynamically optimizes spectrum utilization through
opportunistic use of all available resources
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 6
www.xgtechnology.com
7. xMax cognitive radio
► xMax layered cognitive approach
− spectrum sensing: interference based detection of transmitters (background scan every
20ms)
− spatial processing: MIMO technologies allow resistance to interferers. Optimize SNR using
multiple antenna processing to improve link budget and data rates. Also used to track and
cancel interference from multiple mobile transmitters using sophisticated multi-spatial
signal processing algorithms
− spectrum sharing: able to operate in crowded shared spectrum (ISM, UNI II etc.). Detect
interferers, mitigate them or avoid them by changing operating parameters or frequencies
− spectrum management: capture the best available spectrum for use at any time. Can add
capacity anywhere, any time without using existing frequencies
− spectrum mobility: use spectrum dynamically (DSA). Mobile user terminals and base
stations can decide to change bands where they operate
“Unlike other cognitive radio systems currently being trialed, xMax features advanced interference detection and
avoidance capabilities designed to work around both intentional and unintentional interference. ”
– White Paper: “ New Approaches To Optimizing Radio Spectrum” (Andrew Seybold), December 2011
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 7
www.xgtechnology.com
8. xMax cognitive operation
► xMax takes cognitive operation way beyond simple spectrum sensing
Real Time Inputs Dynamic Decisions
Link measurements Spectrum/channel use …
RF conditions Modulation rates …
Application requirements Receiver algorithms …
Location of interferers Antenna configuration …
Spectrum availability Interference mitigation …
Network conditions Transmit power …
Internal/external policies Network protocols …
Internal capabilities Error correction …
Power/battery status
► Decisions are made at the edge by the end user device
− asymmetry of interference
− local sensing and measurements adapts to interference across each end of the RAN
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 8
www.xgtechnology.com
9. xMax features
► xMax - the world’s first wide area cellular cognitive radio network solution
– fully mobile (highway speeds) as well as fixed applications
– high QoS, carrier-grade voice, data and video on single integrated network
– low cost: no spectrum licence fees, lower network engineering and management costs
– frequency agnostic – supports global deployment
– rapidly deployable – leverages existing Internet infrastructure; satellite backhaul
– highly scalable – coverage and capacity can be tailored to the need
– end-to-end Internet Protocol (IP) system – can be integrated into any IP service (e.g.,
Skype) and device (e.g., smartphone)
► System level experience in Fort Lauderdale trial network demonstrated the need for
a broader network solution
– building on the foundations of Dynamic Spectrum Access
" Put simply, xMax enables enterprises of any kind to set up a mobile communications network quickly, cheaply
and efficiently – providing a licensed spectrum experience to end users operating in unlicensed spectrum. As
such, the addressable market is vast.“
– Matt Walker, Research Analyst, First Columbus
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 9
www.xgtechnology.com
10. xMax features
► Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) is key
► BUT xG’s Cognitive Network solution xMax delivers much more than just DSA
• ASIC:
2014 Moves xMax functionality to chip level
ASIC Installation by any OEM
2013 • MANET:
MANET
Mobile mesh networks
Every user makes the network stronger
xG’s Complete Self Organising
• Self-Organising Networks:
Cognitive Networks
Automatic networking & optimization
Network No wireless experience needed
Solution 2012
Interference
Mitigation • Interference Mitigation:
xMax works where other radios can’t
Higher capacity and reliability
MIMO
• MIMO:
Extent of Extends range and throughput
Competitors Dynamic Lower cost per bit & per customer
Cognitive Spectrum 2011
Radio Access • Dynamic Spectrum Access:
Technology Finds & uses available frequencies
Optimizes spectrum resources
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 10
www.xgtechnology.com
11. Pilot networks
“These are major-league
Urban/Suburban - Ft. Lauderdale, Florida pioneers who have built
– fully mobile 32 mile2 network something that works
well.“
– densely populated —Craig Mathias,
– interference-rich environment Wireless Analyst, 2010
– extensive testing has allowed continual system
performance enhancement and development of
Ft. Lauderdale, FL robust system
Military - US Army - TX, NM, NJ
– lab validated (CERDEC)
– garrison enterprise solution
White Sands, NM – tactical cellular – austere desert
Rural – Lewisville, Arkansas
– underserved market
– low noise, excellent range
Lewisville, AR
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 11
www.xgtechnology.com
12. 1H11 deployment platform
►Full Tactical Deployment
– proven in the field at Fort Bliss and White
Sands Missile Range
– self-contained and highly mobile
– seamless integration with SatCom backhaul
– can add capacity anywhere, any time without
using existing frequencies
– resistant to jamming
• “The solution has proven to operate very
reliably, even when confronted by intentional
jamming” (Mike McCarthy, Director of
Operations for the Mission Command
Complex, Fort Bliss)
Proven in the most challenging conditions – for both fixed and tactical deployments
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 12
www.xgtechnology.com
13. Game changing capabilities
Military tests of xG Technology solution could have
domestic implications
Nov 16, 2011 5:58 PM, By Donny Jackson
(donald.jackson@penton.com)
. . . .commercial-wireless executives
have been outspoken in proclaiming
a “spectrum crisis” that federal
policymakers have been working
feverishly to resolve . . ..
. . . ., the military has opted to conduct its own tests . . .And
the xMax system tested at Fort Bliss was “exceptionally
impressive,” according to Mike McCarthy, director of
operations for the Mission Command Complex at the Brigade
Modernization Command at Fort Bliss
McCarthy said the military plans to conduct further tests in the spring to “push that system as far as we can push it”
“The results of these tests should be of interest to many, not just those in the military. If the xMax system proves that it can provide
reliable communications over unlicensed spectrum, the utility of unlicensed bands and prospects for wireless communications
operating in the TV white spaces could be transformed in the near future”
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 13
www.xgtechnology.com
14. xMax system
VoIP
Cellular CORE
Network
POTS calling
SMS service
xMax Wireless Network xMSC
Public
or
Private
Wi-Fi Internet
Network SMS
server
xMSC provides
xMod is a network
Smartphones, mobile bridge xAPs provide management,
laptops, tablets or between WiFi wireless voice, firewall , SIP
any other WiFi and the xMax data and proxies, and
enabled device can network video.connectivity SMS servers
connect to the xMod to xMods
WiFi Network xMax Cognitive Radio Network (C-RAN) Core Network Public/Private Network
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 14
www.xgtechnology.com
15. Product roadmap
v1.1: Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) VoIP & SMS Network (2011)
VoIP
SOFTSWITCH xMSC BSN250
TX70
GIG
• DYNAMIC SPECTRUM ACCESS
PSTN • PSTN • VOICE & SMS
• E911 • xMONITOR • MACRO CELLS • Wi-Fi
• LOW COST CALLING • xDRIVE • 900MHz
Current network: DSA handsets Dynamically analyzes spectrum at the edge to
avoid localized interference
v2.0: Enable Mobile Data and COTS Smart Devices on Cognitive Radio Network (Q1 2012)
VoIP ANDROID OS
SOFTSWITCH xMSC BSN250
RIM OS
xMOD
GIG
PSTN • PSTN WINDOWS
• E911 • xMONITOR • MACRO CELLS • xMAX to WIFI APPLE OS
OS
• LOW COST CALLING • xDRIVE • DATA BRIDGE
• MIMO • END DEVICE
AGNOSTIC
Broadband data and scalable VoIP Leverage COTS smart phones
on one set of infrastructure and apps at the edge
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 15
www.xgtechnology.com
16. Product roadmap
v2.5: Self-Organizing Net, Micro Base Station, Higher Throughput (2012)
ANDROID OS Apps & Capabilities
xMSC xAP
xMOD RIM OS •VoIP & Data
•DSA
GIG •PTT, Call Groups
PSTN • MICRO ACCESS POINT • HIGHER •QoS - Latency
• PSTN
• xMONITOR • SELF-ORGANIZING DATA RATE •PLI
• E911 • REDUCE SWaP + C • LONGER
• xDRIVE WINDOWS
•Encryption
• LOW COST CALLING • 900MHz + (700MHz OPT) RANGE OS
APPLE OS
v3.0: Fully Mobile Expeditionary Network, Additional Frequency (2013) Capabilities
ANDROID OS •DSA
xMSC xAP RIM OS •Cognitive MANET
xMOD
•Global operation
GIG
•Enhance & extend
PSTN • HIGHER commercial cellular
• PSTN • xMONITOR DATA RATE
• FULLY MOBILE •Reduced Cost
• E911 • xDRIVE • LONGER WINDOWS
• LOW COST CALLING • SELF-ORGANIZING RANGE OS
APPLE OS
• REDUCE SWaP + C
Expeditionary, fully mobile IP cellular network access points Cognitive, Self-organizing networks
v4.0: xMax functionality on a chip (2014) Capabilities
ANDROID OS
xAP •DSA
xMSC
xMOD RIM OS •Cognitive MANET
GIG •COTS devices
•Global operation
PSTN • PSTN • HIGHER •Enhance & extend
• E911 • FULLY MOBILE DATA RATE
• xMONITOR WINDOWS commercial cellular
• LOW COST CALLING • SELF-ORGANIZING • LONGER
• xDRIVE OS •Low cost
• REDUCE SWaP + C RANGE APPLE OS
Chip solution for incorporation in end-user devices Enables full cognitive capability on COTS handsets
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 16
www.xgtechnology.com
17. Dynamic radio adaptation
Cognitive Network
Video
• High Bit Rate Modulation
• 5GHz
VoIP
• High Power File Transfer
• Low Bit Rate
Modulation • High Bit Rate
• 5GHz Modulation
• Low Power • 900MHz
VoIP • Medium Power
• Medium Bit Rate
Modulation
• 900MHz
• Low Power
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 17
www.xgtechnology.com
18. Dynamic radio adaptation
Cognitive Network
Video
• High Bit Rate Modulation
VoIP • 900MHz
• High Power File Transfer
• Low Bit Rate
Modulation • High Bit Rate
• 5GHz Modulation
• Low Power • 900MHz
VoIP • High Power
• Low Bit Rate
Interferers Modulation
• 900MHz
• Low Power
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 18
www.xgtechnology.com
19. Network protocol adaptation
Damage to Network Infrastructure
Cognitive Radio
Reincorporates
Network reconfigures
network
to mesh operation
infrastructure
(cognitive network
when available
protocol)
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 19
www.xgtechnology.com
20. Key benefits xMax offers military
► Self-frequency planning - the system comes up automatically and finds available
frequencies; no manual frequency co-ordination required
► Self-optimizing- the system uses DSA technology to maximize throughput and
reliability, delivering a licensed spectrum experience in unlicensed spectrum
► Leverages existing smartphones, laptops, tablets, etc. directly into the xMax
mobile radio network to save costs and offer unmatched applications and
functionality
► End-to-end IP architecture - simplifies integration with LTE, P25 and other
networks via industry standard interfaces and protocols; voice can be tagged
and prioritized end-to-end through network for high reliability
► Tactical and scalable deployments – rapidly deployable size and weight, proven
integration with satellite and point to point backhaul radios
► Difficult to jam or hack – dynamic channel/band hopping makes jamming
attacks and penetrations far more difficult than traditional radio systems
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 20
www.xgtechnology.com
21. Leverage DoD/MoD Capabilities
Army App
Soldier
“I ran an excursion where we
attempted to jam it with
WiFi
conventional military jamming
xMod systems, and we were unable to do
it, xMax was able to stay ahead of
COTS the jammers that were trying to
Smart Phone
Data Access
attack it and kept the
communications systems up and
Command Post operational throughout the two
•Voice & Data weeks that I ran the jammers”.
•Push & receive video
•Share pictures Mike McCarthy, Director of
•Position location info (PLI)
Operations, Brigade Modernization
•Collaborate, whiteboard , chat
•SMS, text, Command , Ft. Bliss, TX
•PTT, call group
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 21
www.xgtechnology.com
22. Summary
► xMax represents a scalable, flexible and fully
expeditionary architecture that
– supports small teams to large
– offloads cellular costs to help make “one soldier
one phone” affordable
– addresses global spectrum challenges
► xG is committed to meeting military
requirements
– deliver capabilities via software vs. hardware
– future-proofing
– shoulder-to-shoulder partnership – learn
requirements, adapt platform, deliver solutions
The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are
registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved. 22
www.xgtechnology.com