Presentation on Convergence Conference 2001

1. CONVERGENCE:
WHAT, WHY, & HOW
Xiaolin Lu
Vice President
Strategic Engineering & IP Networks
Broadband
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2. CONVERGENCE
 WHAT’S CONVERGENCE ?
 WHY CONVERGE ?
 WHAT TO CONVERGE ?
 HOW TO CONVERGE ?
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3. BY ALL MEANS …
VOICE VIDEO
Services &  Communication  Entertainment
 One-to-one  Broadcast
Perceptions
 “On-Demand”  Always there
Billing  Usage-based  Flat rate
Operation  Circuit/Connection  Push content
Network  Point-to-point  Point-to-multipoint
 Narrowband/  RF Broadband
baseband
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4. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
SS7
Telco
Class 5 Class 4
Switch Switch
 Circuit, connection orientated
 Centrally managed
 Selling connection
Cable
FN
FN Headend
FN
FN
 Broadcast, push-and-pick
push-and-
 Centrally managed
 Selling content
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5. VISIOIN AT THAT TIME ….
FTTC
FTTH
SONET Switch
SONET
Switch
ATM ATM
 Circuit integration
 Centrally managed
 “Privately Owned”
 Tons of bandwidth, but for what?
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6. INTERNET PHENOMENA
Apps Apps Apps Apps
OPEN INTERFACE
No-Purpose, “Free”
Networks
 Separation of networks and
services
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7. CHANGING PERSPECTIVES
Bell-
Bell-Centric Mosaic
Network  RF Modem  Standard based
 “Proprietary”  DSP Performance  Capacity
 Fiber Optics  Service enabler
 Circuit
Applications  Bandwidth
 Internet  Broadband
 Feature-
Feature-rich  Multimedia  Service Package
Voice Router performance

 Network enabled or
 Connection  LAN extension
independent
Business  Telecom Reform
 Market maturity &  Competition
 Monopoly
growth
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8. MOORE’S LAW
IA-64
10M (est)
1000
Pentium
# Transistors per chip (log)
Performance in MIPS (log)
II
Pentium
Pro
Pentium
1M 100
80486
100K 80386
10
80286
8086/
8088
10K 1
8085
8080 Legend
8008 Chip density
1K 4004 MIPS .1
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
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9. PHOTONIC MOORE’S LAW
10K
TDM Commercial
WDM Commercial
1K
TDM Research
Capacity (Gb/s)
WDM Research
100
10
1
0.1
1985 1990 1995 2000
Year
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10. Expected Innovation Rates of Optics,
Storage, and Electronics
Time to Double
9 Months Optical
100X the impact of silicon
in 10 yrs!
Performance/Price
12 Months Storage
18 Months
Silicon
(Moore’s Law)
Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Vinod Khosla
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11. THE FOOD CHAIN
Applications  Bandwidth Needs
 New Opportunities
 New Competitions
Networks
 Software on DSP & ASIC
 Architectural Solutions
Equipments
Components  High power DSP, ASIC,
and optical components
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12. CONVERGENCE
WHAT WHY
 Services
 Enabling vs. Delivery
 1+1 > 2
 Cost reduction
 Presentations  Open for evolution
 Network and Platform: and innovation
 Adaptable and evolvable,
NOT integration  Many choices
 Configurable Not
Customization
 Provision & Operation
 Platform transparent
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13. CURRENT SITUATION
CONTENT VOICE DATA VIDEO
CONTENT T-SLOT IP MPEG
PACKAGE
System &
Platform PROPRIETARY PROPRIETARY PROPRIETARY
NETWORK TDM IP ATM
TRANSPORT SONET FR ATM PROPRIETARY
PHYSICAL
TRANSPORT PROPRIETARY: Topology, media
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14. CONVERGENCE
CONTENT APPLICATIONS: Presentation
CONTENT Application Dependent ??
PACKAGE
System &
Common & “Transparent”
Platform
NETWORK Adaptive NOT Integration:
TRANSPORT optimized for service delivery
PHYSICAL
TRANSPORT Evolvable
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15.  Convergence = Integration ?
 Broadband = Bandwidth ?
 Capacity potential
 Use of bandwidth
 Supporting infrastructures
 Pipe and everything else
 Technology X > Technology Y
 Adaptable
 Evolvable
 Deliver ~ Enable
 Demising separation of customers & service
providers
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16. EXAMPLE 1:
ACCESS NETWORK
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17. IN THE PAST ...
Voice = Communication Video = Entertainment
LEC Cable
 Twist Pair Star  Coax Tree-and-Branch
 Feature rich POTS  Broadcast video
 $84B “toll collection”  $24B “$1 buffet”
 Monopoly
 Voice-oriented
 DLC, ISDN
 FTTH
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18. PERSPECTIVES
Network
 Connectivity Service
 Communication
 Resource Sharing
 Entertainment
 Convergence
Media Topology Control
 Copper  Star  Central Mind-Set
 Coax  Bus  Distributed  Bell-Head
 Fiber  Ring  Self  Net-Head
 Radio  “Cable Guy”
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19. CHANGING PERSPECTIVES
Bell-
Bell-Centric Mosaic
Network  RF Modem  Standard based
 “Proprietary”  DSP Performance  Capacity
 Fiber Optics  Service enabler
 Circuit
Applications  Bandwidth
 Internet  Broadband
 Feature-
Feature-rich  Multimedia  Service Package
Voice Router performance

 Network enabled or
 Connection  LAN extension
independent
Business  Telecom Reform
 Market maturity &  Competition
 Monopoly
growth
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20. OPTIONS
LEC
 Narrowband
 Switched  DLC
 Rebuild
Wireless
 Mobility FTTH
 Broadband
Cable
 Network Upgrade Deep Fiber
 Broadband
 Broadcast
 Cable modem Penetration
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21. ARCHITECTURES
Tree-and-Branch
 Broadcast FN
 Cascaded
???
Cell-Based
 Narrowcast RN
 Clustered
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22. FIBER OPTICS ?
Node 2,000+HP 1,200HP 600HP 200HP 100HP
Size
HOW Deep ?
HOW To ?
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23. HFC IN THE MAKING
HE FN
Primary Primary
Hub
HE
Ring
HE FN
Broadcast  Multi-Service
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24. HFC IN THE MAKING
SH FN
Primary Primary
Hub
SH
Ring
SH FN
DWDM Transport Segmentation
End-to-end Transparency 4X capacity
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25. OXiom TM
SH
mFN mFN
PH
CMTS SH S
mFN mFN
SH
 mFNs replace all coax amplifiers XTR XTR XTR
 Less active components
 More bandwidth and flexibility WDM PON
 Deep fiber penetration with cell structure
 Optical add/drop to daisy chain mFNs
 Reduced fiber management & labor
 Provisioning for growth
 Distributed processing at mFN
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26.  Adaptable
 Evolvable
 Balance
 Forward and backward
 Front-end cost & lifetime
saving
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27. EXAMPLE 2:
REGINAL NETWORK
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28. A TRANSPORT LAYER MODEL
IP 1/0 DCS 4E 4E
IP 1/0 DCS Service
IP IP 1/0 DCS 1/0 DCS 4E 4E Layers
DS1
(1.5 Mb/s)
ATM ATM
DS3/OC3 3/1 DCS 3/1 DCS 3/1 DCS
ATM ATM 3/1 DCS 3/1 DCS
Layer
ATM DCS DCS
Layer DCS DCS Layer
DCS
DS3/OC3/OC12 SONET
Layer
ADM ADM
ADM ADM
ADM ADM
ADM
OC48
(2.5 Gb/s)
WDM WDM WDM WDM WDM WDM
Optical
Layer
Fiber Conduit/ Media
Sheath Layer
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29. A SIMPLIFIED MODEL
Legacy Intelligent Edge
IP & Legacy
 Classification
 Policing
 Switching
Aggregator
 Mapping
 Accommodate
legacy
The Pipe
 DWDM Switching
 Auto Topology
Management
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30. CONVERGENCE:
Simplification and Evolving
Access Intelligent Edge
 Classification
Access
 Policing
 Switching
 Aggregation
Transparent DWDM Core
 Smart DWDM for
Access transport and topology Access
 Accommodate legacy
Access
Access
Coherent Provisioning
and Management
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31. EXAMPLE 3:
CHOICES
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32. CHOICE ?
Customer Local Class
Switch
Bell
Spint
MCI Price
Customer Local Class
Switch
War
AT&T
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33. Yes, CHOICE !
Value
Service
Value
Presentation Network PoC Service
Value
To Customers
Services Service
Value
Service
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34. BROADBAND CHOICE TM
INTERNET
Regional ISP 3
Access Network
ISP 2
Regional Access
Network
ISP 1
Backbone
Regional Access
Network
Regional Access
Network
Regional Access
Network
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35. SOLUTIONS
ISP 1
Home Access HE Regional
PoC
ISP 1
 Policy-based routing
 Source-based
 MPLS
 Network service
 Provisioning
 Choice management
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36. EXAMPLE 4:
VOIP
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37. SOME THOUGHTS ….
Attributes Implications Benefits
 Open standards  More suppliers  Lower prices
 Call agent  Third party  Incremental
platform applications revenue
 Common IP  Shared equipment &  Economies of
network labor scope
 IP Transport  Interconnect cost  Higher margins
reduction
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38. Today’s Architecture
PSTN
5ESS
SONET PH
HDT DWDM
Networking
SH HFC mFN
CMTS
Local IP
Network
Internet NIU
CM
 Separate voice and data platforms sharing the same
HFC network
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39. Transition: IP Digital Terminal
PSTN
5ESS
SONET PH
IPDT
DWDM
HFC
Router
CMTS
Networking
SH
mFN
Local IP
Network
Internet
BTI
 Integrated voice and data over HFC network
 Utilize 5ESS platform for voice interconnect & features
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40. End-to-
End-to-End IP Platform
PSTN
PH
PSTN
IP DWDM
Gateway
HFC
Router
CMTS
Networking
SH
Backbone mFN
Local IP
Network
Internet
BTI HPNA
 Cost reduction through common IP infrastructure
 New revenue with emerging IP-based services
 Flexible user interfaces stimulate more creativities
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41. OPTIONS
Switching Technology
Switch Call Agent
HDT Reverse gateway
Access Technology
NIU/HDT
+ Current, proven technology + Uses call agent
- Proprietary interfaces + Moves traffic off circuit switches
- Uses circuit switches - Limited support for new IP services
IPDT End-to-end
BTI/CMTS
+ Standard-based
+ Standard-based
+ Support voice and data + Support voice, data, & new IP
- Uses circuit switches + Uses call agent
- Interim solution - Time to market
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42. IT’S ALL ABOUT THOSE
DEMARCATION POINTS ….
RDC Backbone
Home HG Access HE-D Regional
POP
Commodities
Value Creation
 End-to-end consistency
 Provisioning and management
 Presentation
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43. IT NEVER ENDS …
Service
Growth
Time
Network Platform
Time
Has Been Moving to
Service Delivery Enabling
Platform Service specific Open Interface
Network One-dimension pipe Multi-dimension infrastructure
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44. … The wonderful thing about
Moore’s Law is that it is not a
static law; it forces everyone
to live in a dynamic, evolving
world.
-- Carver Mead
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45. We’ll see
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