4. MONOLINGUAL COMMUNICATOR
• As a sender:
a)Obliged to encode message into the language
used by the sender;
b)Obliged to encode messages different from
those received;
c) Obliged to transmit them to the previous sender.
5.
6. TRANSLATOR
• The encoding
a)Consists of re-encoding into a different
language;
b)Concerns the same message as was received;
c) Is aimed at a group of receivers who are not the
same as the original sender.
12. TRANSLATORS VS. INTERPRETERS
They perform similar tasks, but in different settings.
An interpreter converts any spoken material
from one language (the source language)
into a different language (the target language),
a translator converts written material in the same
manner.
13. Interpreting can occur in a variety of settings,
such as conferences, meetings and over the
telephone, and can take the form of either
simultaneous or consecutive speech
(the interpreter listens to portions of a speech at a time, then
interprets the segments as the original speaker is silent).
Translation can also occur in various settings.
Translation can occur on any form of written work,
including literature, newspapers, contracts,
software interfaces, and web sites
(which is known as localization).
16. WHAT DO COMMUNICATORS KNOW
ABOUT LANGUAGE?
• Converting amorphous ‘ideas’ into concepts
organized into propositions (semantic knowledge)
• Mapping propositions, which are universal and not
tied to any language (syntactic knowledge)
• Realizing clauses as utterances and texts in
actual communicative situations
(rhetorical knowledge)
17. They are more
consciously aware of
language and resources
it contains rather than
monolingual
communicators are.
TRANSLATORS
There are, at the very least,
two languages and two cultures involved
22. 2 KINDS OF EXPLANATION
NEEDED IN TRANSLATING
1. PSYCHOLINGUISTIC EXPLANATION
• Focuses on decoding and encoding
2. TEXT-LINGUISTIC or SOCIOLINGUISTIC EXPLANATION
• Focuses more on the participants, nature of the
message, and ways in which the resources of the
code are drawn upon by users to create meaning-
carrying signals
23. We define TRANSLATION as
The replacement of a
representation of a text in one
language by a representation of
an equivalent text in a second
language.