1. Direction of building NS2 platform using Cygwin under Windows OS
Huang Xuguang 22082228
xuguangmit@gmail.com
1. Introduction
This document aims to give the direction of building NS2 using Cygwin under windows os.
The procedures and common errors are listed in this document.
The software and source codes we need are:
 Cygwin:
Downloaded from http://www.cygwin.com
 NS2 source code:
Downloaded from http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/dist/ns-allinone-2.27.tar.gz
version: ns-allinone-2.27.tar.gz
 Patch of NS2:
Downloaded from http://www.ececs.uc.edu/~cdmc/ucbt/src/ns227-gcc34.patch
 Patch of tk:
Downloaded from http://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=225999
version: tk-8.4.18-tkbind.patch
 LEACH source code:
Downloaded http://www.internetworkflow.com/downloads/ns2leach/mit.tar.gz
2. Steps
1> Install Cygwin
It is easy to install Cygwin under windows os.
a. First, get the software from http://www.cygwin.com.
b. Launch setup.

2. c. Here you must install these packages because NS2 needs them:
XFree86-base, XFree86-bin, XFree86-prog, XFree86-lib, XFree86-etc, make, patch,
perl, gcc, gcc-g++, gawk, gnuplot, tar and gzip
d. After finishing the setup, you can start Cygwin and the screen should be like this:

3. Then checking the root of Cygwin, making sure there are one folder named “home”
and there are three hidden files in “home/{username}” which
are .bashrc, .bashrc_profile and .inputrc.
2> Install NS2
a. Unzip the source code of NS2 and it includes these files:
Command: tar xvfz ns-allinone-2.27.tar.gz
b. Install patch.
Before we excuse the compilation process, we’d better to install patch of NS2 to
avoid mistakes.
 Download the patch named ns227-gcc34.patch and put it in the same dir with
ns-allinone-2.27.
 Install it.
Command: patch -p0 <ns227-gcc34.patch
c. Enter the dir of ns2 and install it.
Command:
cd ns-allinone-2.27
./install
ERROR
no ‘home’ folder and no three hidden files
SOLVATION
Check the Environment Variable of your computer; delete the entry which named ‘HOME’
 TCL release 8.4.5 (required component)
 TK release 8.4.5 (required component)
 Otcl release 1.8 (required component)
 TclCL release 1.15 (required component)
 Ns release 2.27 (required component)
 Nam release 1.10 (optional component)
 Xgraph version 12.1 (optional component)
 CWeb (optional component)
 SGB (optional component, builds sgblib for all UNIX type platforms)
 Gt-itm (optional component)
 Zlib version 1.1.4 (optional, but required when Nam is used)

4. d. Finish compiling.
Generally, the compilation process will cost about 4 hours (depended on your
computer). If you finish this step successfully, you will see this:
During this step, you would meet many problems. I list the common errors I met and
give the salvations.
e. Setting environment variables.
Edit the file “.bashrc” which is a hidden file in your “home/{username}” folder and
insert these sentences:
f. Test NS2.
Now, you have finished installing NS2. You can use an example to test NS2.
 Start xwindow
Command: startxwin.bat
export NS_HOME=`pwd`/ns-allinone-2.27
export PATH=$NS_HOME/tcl8.4.5/unix:$NS_HOME/tk8.4.5/unix:$NS_HOME/bin:$PATH
export
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$NS_HOME/tcl8.4.5/unix:$NS_HOME/tk8.4.5/unix:$NS_HOME/otcl-1.8:$N
S_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export TCL_LIBRARY=$NS_HOME/tcl8.4.5/library
ERROR
Tcl is not part of the ns project
SOLVATION
Modify the following files, find the words “.relid'`” and use “.relid`” instead.
ns-allinone-2.28tcl8.4.5unixconfigure
ns-allinone-2.28tcl8.4.5unixtcl.m4
ns-allinone-2.28tk8.4.5unixconfigure
ns-allinone-2.28tk8.4.5unixtcl.m4
ns-allinone-2.28otcl-1.8configure

5.  Launch the example
Command:
cd ns-allinone-2.27/ns-2.27/ns-tutorial/examples
ns example2.tcl
 Executing the example and you would see:
ERROR
nam: no such file or directory
SOLVATION
There are two methods:
1. Check the folder “ns-allinone-2.28/nam-1.11”, copy nam.exe to “ns-allinone-2.28/bin” if it exists.
2. Recompile the nam if there is no “nam.exe” in this catalog “ns-allinone-2.28/nam-1.11”.
 Edit the file agent.h under “nam-1.11/agent.h”
 Change “NULL” to “0” in line 73.
 Run ./configure; make

6. Congratulations if you can see these two windows! You have installed NS2 sucessfully.
3> Loading LEACH
a. Dowload LEACH source code and put it under “ns-allinone-2.27/ns-2.27”.
Unzip the package.
Command:
gunzip mit.tar.gz
tar -xvf mit.tar
b. Modify “makefile” file.
 Find the paragraph beginning with “DEFINE”, add
-DMIT_uAMPS
in its end.
 Find the paragraph beginning with “INCLUDES”, add one line
-I./mit/rca –I./mit/uAMPS
in its end.
 Find the line “gaf/gaf.o ”, add these before it.
mit/rca/energy.o mit/rca/rcagent.o
mit/rca/rca-ll.o mit/rca/resource.o
mac/mac-sensor-timers.o mac/mac-sensor.o mit/uAMPS/bsagent.o
The file should be like this:
c. Set environment variable
 Edit the file “.bashrc” which is under the catalog “home/{username}”. Add
export RCA_LIBRARY={$NS_HOME}/ns-allinone-2.27/ns-2.27/mit/rca
export uAMPS_LIBRARY={$NS_HOME}/ns-allinone-2.27/ns-2.27/mit/uAMPS
 Edit wireless-phy.cc which is under “ns-allinone-2.27/ns-2.27/mac”, add the
definition
#define min(a,b) (((a)>(b))?(b):(a))
behind the sentence “#define max(a,b) (((a)<(b))?(b):(a))”
d. Compile the LEACH
Command:
make clean
make
To compile the LEACH would cost about 10 to 30 minutes (depend on your
computer). After this step, you can run an example to test LEACH.
Command:
./test

7. LEACH is successfully installed if you see this:
e. Check the leach.err file under “ns-allinone-2.27ns-2.27mitleach_sims”, the
content would be this if LEACH works well.
ERROR
line3: ns:command not found
SOLVATION
1. Modify “./test” file, put the line “./leach_test” under the line “cd ../../”. It looks like this:
sleep 2
cd ../../
./leach_test
2. Modify “./leach_test” file, add
RCA_LIBRARY=mit/rca
export RCA_LIBRARY
uAMPS_LIBRARY=mit/uAMPS
export uAMPS_LIBRARY
before the line “ns tcl/ex/wireless.tcl ”