guia 2 2do trimestre PNF en informatica 2015

1. Informática 2015
Prof.YennyMedina
1
Inglés-Comprensión Lectora
Unidad 1: Significados de palabras a través del
contexto técnico
.- Estructura de definición
Definiciones.
means
significa /quiere decir
(concept) refers to
Se refiere a
Is
es
The meaning of (concept) is …
El significado de … es
The definition of (concept) is …
La definición de … es
The term/word used to define/describe (…) is (concept)
El termino/palabra usado para definir/describir .. es
The word/term (concept) is understood/known/ acknowledged /defined as …
La palabra/término… se entiende /conoce /define como…
By the word/ term (concept) is meant/known/ acknowledged/ understood…
Por la palabra/término (..) se entiende/conoce
The name given to … is (concept)
El nombre dado a … es
(concept) can be understood/ acknowledged /defined as …
Se puede entender/definer como
… is called (concept)
Se llama
By (concept) is /are meant …
Por … se entiende(n)
(concept) is another way to call…
Es otra forma de decir/llamar…
… stands for …
Significa(n)0
… is a synonym for …
Es sinónimo de
… is the same as …
Es lo mismo que
… is the opposite of …
Es lo contrario de
… involves/ implies/ encompasses /includes …
Implica, abarca, incluye …
Examples:
A firewall is a barrier to keep destructive forces away from your property
The term logic gates is used describe an electronic switching devices
The term memory usually refers to the internal storage locations of a computer
The name given to the electronic devices that process information is Computers
A stream of moving electrons from negative to positive is called an electric current

2. Informática 2015
Prof.YennyMedina
2
Portability means that the device can be used in many places - not only at home and
at the office.
CPU stands for Central Processing Unit
The opposite of fall is rise
Usos de Mean
1.- mean (verbo) significar, querer decir, intentar, proponerse.
2.- The mean: (sustantivo) la media, el promedio
3.- mean: (adjetivo) tacaño, malo, mezquino, mala persona.
Some words mean different things indifferent contexts
The mean in data
My last supervisor was a mean person.
4. (it) means: (verbo 3ra persona) significa, quiere decir
5. a/the means: (sustantivo) medio, los medios, recurso(s)
Meeting means a group of people gathering with a specific purpose.
He uses his web page as a means of living.
6. meaning (verbo+ing) significado, queriendo decir, intentando, proponiéndose
7. meaning (sustantivo) significado, sentido, intención, propósito.
The meaning of this word is in the dictionary.
You don’t understand what I am meaning.
8. meant (verbo en pretérito) significó (aron), quiso (eron) decir
9. is/are meant (participio pasado) se entiende(n), se conoce(n), es/son conocido(s)
By inverter is meant a device which inverts its input.
The failure meant that the programming is wrong
Ejercicios. Traducir
1. The meaning of this concept is ambiguous
2. The meaning of this investigation is to identify the most common viruses
3. Radio, tv, telephones and internet are means of communication
4. Fiber-optics has a much larger capacity than copper wires which means that they
can carry much more information.
5. Firewall is not a synonym for coin in antivirus system
6. Input is the opposite of output
7. By firewall is meant an integrated collection of security measures designed to
prevent unauthorized electronic access to a networked computer system.
8. Software refers to the programs that control and coordinate the activities of the
hardware

3. Informática 2015
Prof.YennyMedina
3
Identifica las definiciones incluidas en las lecturas
IT - Information Technology
IT is short for Information Technology and is pronounced as separate letters.
By IT is understood the broad subject concerned with all aspects of managing and
processing information, especially within a large organization or company. IT is
generally not used in reference to personal or home computing and networking.
Information technology (IT) can be also known as the application of computers and
telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data,
often in the context of a business or other enterprise.
The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but
it also refers to other information distribution technologies such as television and
telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology, including
computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom
equipment, engineering, healthcare, e-commerce and computer services.
In a business context, the Information Technology Association of America has
defined information technology as "the study, design, development, application,
implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems".
The responsibilities of those working in the field include network administration,
software development and installation, and the planning and management of an
organization's technology life cycle, by which hardware and software are
maintained, upgraded and replaced.
By Information engineering (IE) or information engineering
methodology (IEM) is meant a software engineering approach to
designing and developing information systems. It can also be
considered as the generation, distribution, analysis and use of
information in systems.
Information engineering methodology refers to an architectural
approach to planning, analyzing, designing, and implementing
applications. It is defined as: "An integrated and evolutionary set
of tasks and techniques that enhance business communication
throughout an enterprise enabling it to develop people, procedures
and systems to achieve its vision”. It is also known as the
generation, distribution, analysis and use of information in
systems. This later definition involves the usage of machine
learning, data mining and other computational methods to enhance the
presentation and understanding of the high-throughput data that is
generated by different systems.
There are two variants of information engineering. These are called
the DP-driven variant and the business-driven variant.
The first is acknowledged as the DP-driven which is a variant of
Information engineering designed to enable IS Departments to develop
information systems that satisfied the information needs of the
1980s .
The Business-driven IE means the business-driven variant of
information engineering which was extended into strategic business
planning. This variant was designed for rapid change in the
client/server, object-oriented environment of the business-driven
1990s.