This chapter describes NFV operation and architecture

1. NDI Communications - Engineering & Training
Software Defined Networking (SDN)
Chapter 5 – NFV Basics

2. Page 2
Chapter Content
Basics & Network architecture
NFV Infrastructure
NFV Management and Orchestration (MANO)
Common Systems & Vendors

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Motivation for NFV
Software Implementation of the Network
Network Function Modules
Implementation in Virtual Machines
Standard APIs Between Modules

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NFV Architecture
Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs)
VNF VNF VNF VNF VNF
NFV Infrastructure (NFVi)
Virtual
Computing
Virtual
Storage
Virtual
Network
Virtualization Layer
Hardware Resources
Virtual
Computing
Virtual
Storage
Virtual
Network
NFV
Management
and
Orchestration

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End-to-End Network Service
NF1 NF2 NF3
End
Point
1
End
Point
2
Infrastructure
Network 1
Infrastructure
Network 1
Infrastructure
Network 1
Network Function Forwarding Graph (NF-FG)
End to End Network Service

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End-to-End Network Service
VNF
2A
VNF-FG-2
Virtualization Layer
VNF
2B
VNF
2A
VNF
2A
End
Point
1
End
Point
2
VNF
2C
HDHD
HD
HD
HD NFVI-PoP
Physical Link
Logical Link
Virtualization

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Chapter Content
Basics & Network architecture
NFV Infrastructure
NFV Management and Orchestration (MANO)
Common Systems & Vendors

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Architectural Functional Blocks
Virtualization Layer
Hardware Resources
Virtual
Computing
Virtual
Storage
Virtual
Network
OSS/BSS
NFV Management
and Orchestration
Orchestrator
OrchestratorOrchestratorOrchestratorVNF
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs)
VNF1 VNF2 VNF3
EMS1 EMS2 EMS3
Virtual
Computing
Virtual
Storage
Virtual
Network
Service, VNF &
Infrastructure Descryprion
NFVI
Vn-Nf
VI-Ha
Os-Ma
Se-Ma
Ve-Vnfm
Nf-Vf
Or-Vnfm
Vi-Vnfm
Or-Vi

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Virtualized Network Function (VNF) &
Element Management System
A Virtual Network Function
(VNF) is a virtualization of
a network function in a
legacy non-virtualized
network.
A VNF can be composed of multiple internal components. For
example, one VNF can be deployed over multiple VMs, where
each VM hosts a single component of the VNF.
The Element Management System (EMS) performs the typical
management functionality for one or several VNFs.

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NFV Infrastructure
The NFV Infrastructure is the
totality of all hardware and
software components which build up
the environment in which VNFs are
deployed, managed and executed.
NFV differentiates the following two types of networks:
NFVI-PoP network: the network that interconnects the computing
and storage resources contained in an NFVI-PoP.
Transport network: the network that interconnects NFVI-PoPs,
NFVI-PoPs to other networks owned by the same or different
network operator

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The Virtualization Layer
The virtualization layer is
responsible for:
Abstracting and logically
partitioning physical
resources, commonly as a
hardware abstraction
layer.
Enabling the software that
implements the VNF to use
the underlying virtualized
infrastructure.

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Virtualized Infrastructure Manager(s)
Resource management, in charge of:
Inventory of software
Allocation of virtualisation enablers
Management of infrastructure resource
Operations, for:
Visibility into and management of the NFV
infrastructure.
Root cause analysis of performance issues from
the NFV infrastructure perspective.
Collection of infrastructure fault information.
Collection of information for capacity planning,
monitoring, and optimization.

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Orchestrator & VNF Manager(s)
The Orchestrator is in charge of the
orchestration and management of NFV
infrastructure and software resources, and
realizing network services on NFVI
A VNF Manager is responsible for VNF
lifecycle management (e.g. instantiation,
update, query, scaling, termination).

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Reference Points (1)
Virtualization Layer
Hardware Resources
Virtual
Computing
Virtual
Storage
Virtual
Network
OSS/BSS
NFV Management
and Orchestration
Orchestrator
OrchestratorOrchestratorOrchestratorVNF
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs)
VNF1 VNF2 VNF3
EMS1 EMS2 EMS3
Virtual
Computing
Virtual
Storage
Virtual
Network
Service, VNF &
Infrastructure Descryprion
NFVI
Vn-Nf
VI-Ha
Os-Ma
Se-Ma
Ve-Vnfm
Nf-Vf
Or-Vnfm
Vi-Vnfm
Or-Vi
Virtualisation Layer - Hardware Resources -
(Vl-Ha):
• Create an execution environment for
VNFs
• Collect relevant hardware resource state
information for managing the VNFs
VNF - NFV Infrastructure (Vn-Nf):
• This reference point represents the execution environment
provided by the NFVI to the VNF.
• It is in the scope of NFV in order to guarantee hardware
independent lifecycle, performance and portability
requirements of the VNF.
Orchestrator - VNF Manager (Or-Vnfm):
• Resource related requests, e.g. authorization,
validation, reservation, allocation, by the VNF
Manager(s).
• Sending configuration information to the VNF
manager, so that the VNF can be configured
appropriately to function within the VNF
Forwarding Graph in the network service.
• Collecting state information of the VNF necessary
for network service lifecycle management.

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Reference Points (2)
Virtualization Layer
Hardware Resources
Virtual
Computing
Virtual
Storage
Virtual
Network
OSS/BSS
NFV Management
and Orchestration
Orchestrator
OrchestratorOrchestratorOrchestratorVNF
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs)
VNF1 VNF2 VNF3
EMS1 EMS2 EMS3
Virtual
Computing
Virtual
Storage
Virtual
Network
Service, VNF &
Infrastructure Descryprion
NFVI
Vn-Nf
VI-Ha
Os-Ma
Se-Ma
Ve-Vnfm
Nf-Vf
Or-Vnfm
Vi-Vnfm
Or-Vi
NFVI - Virtualized Infrastructure Manager (Nf-Vi):
• Specific assignment of virtualized resources in response
to resource allocation requests.
• Forwarding of virtualized resources state information.
• Hardware resource configuration and state information
(e.g. events) exchange.
Virtualised Infrastructure Manager - VNF Manager (Vi-
Vnfm)
• Resource allocation requests by the VNF Manager.
• Virtualised hardware resource configuration and state
information (e.g. events) exchange.
Orchestrator - Virtualised Infrastructure Manager
(Or-Vi):
• Resource reservation and/or allocation requests by
the Orchestrator.
• Virtualised hardware resource configuration and
state information (e.g. events) exchange.

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Reference Points (2)
Virtualization Layer
Hardware Resources
Virtual
Computing
Virtual
Storage
Virtual
Network
OSS/BSS
NFV Management
and Orchestration
Orchestrator
OrchestratorOrchestratorOrchestratorVNF
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtual
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs)
VNF1 VNF2 VNF3
EMS1 EMS2 EMS3
Virtual
Computing
Virtual
Storage
Virtual
Network
Service, VNF &
Infrastructure Descryprion
NFVI
Vn-Nf
VI-Ha
Os-Ma
Se-Ma
Ve-Vnfm
Nf-Vf
Or-Vnfm
Vi-Vnfm
Or-Vi
Service, VNF and
Infrastructure Description
- NFV Management and
Orchestration (Se-Ma):
• retrieving information
regarding the VNF
deployment template,
• VNF Forwarding Graph,
service-related
information, and NFV
infrastructure
information models.
OSS/BSS - NFV Management and Orchestration (Os-Ma):
• Requests for network service lifecycle management.
• Requests for VNF lifecycle management.
• Forwarding of NFV related state information.
• Policy management exchanges.
• Data analytics exchanges.
• Forwarding of NFV related accounting and usage records.
NFVI capacity and inventory information exchanges
VNF/EMS - VNF Manager (Ve-Vnfm):
• Requests for VNF lifecycle management.
• Exchanging configuration information.
• Exchanging state information necessary for network
service lifecycle management.

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Chapter Content
Basics & Network architecture
NFV Infrastructure
NFV Management and Orchestration (MANO)
Common Systems & Vendors

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MANO - Management and Orchestration

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General Management and Orchestration
Requirements
VNF requirements:
General Management and Orchestration Requirements Related to
VNF
Management and Orchestration Requirements Related to VNF
Maintenance Tasks
Management and Orchestration Requirements Related to Scaling
Requirements for VNFD and VNF-FGD Template
General Requirements Related to VNF Forwarding Graphs
Requirements Related to VNF Creation and Termination
Requirements Related to Scaling

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Functional Requirements on
Infrastructure
Generic Domain Requirements
Hypervisor Requirements
Compute Resource Requirements
Network Resources Requirements

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Chapter Content
Basics & Network architecture
NFV Infrastructure
NFV Management and Orchestration (MANO)
Common Systems & Vendors

22. Page 22
VNF
Manager(s)y
VNF
Manager(s)y
OSS/BSS
EMS 1
VNF 1
EMS N
VNF N
VirtualVirtual
Comput
e
Virtual
Storage
Virtual
Network
Compute, Storage & Network
Hardware
Service, VNF and
Infrastructure Description
NFV
Orchestrator
Management and
Orchestration (MANO)
NFVI
Virtualization Layer
VNF
Manager(s)
Virtualized
Infrastructure
Manager(s)
. . .
. . .
Vendor’s
OSS/BSS
Providers
OSS/BSS
Providers
Orchestrator
Providers
Orchestrator
ProvidersVNF ProvidersVNF Providers
NFV Platform
Providers
NFV Platform
ProvidersServer Hardware
Providers
Server Hardware
Providers

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OPEN DAYLIGHT

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Open vSwitch
Open vSwitch, sometimes abbreviated to OVS, is a production-quality open
source implementation of a distributed virtual multilayer switch.
The main purpose of Open vSwitch is to provide a switching stack for hardware
virtualization environments, while supporting multiple protocols and standards
used in computer networks

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OpenStack
OpenStack is a cloud operating system that controls large
pools of compute, storage, and networking resources
throughout a datacenter, all managed through a dashboard
that gives administrators control while empowering their
users to provision resources through a web interface.

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FloodLight
Floodlight Is an Open SDN
Controller

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WINDRIVER
Wind River
Carrier
Grade
Communications
Server (CGCS)
Carrier Grade Linux
Open Virtualization Profile
Carrier Grade Accelerated vSwitch
Carrier Grade
Middleware
Carrier Grade
OpenStack
VNFs
OSS / BSS
vEPCvBRAS vCPE Other
Overture
Ensemble OSA™ Orchestration and Control
Ensemble Service Orchestrator (ESO)Ensemble Service Orchestrator (ESO)
Ensemble Network
Controller (ENC)
Ensemble Network
Controller (ENC)
Service Provider
Access Network

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Big Switch Controller
Big Network Controller is a
commercial OpenFlow
controller based on Project
Floodlight that is the
foundation for Open
Software Defined Networks
(SDN),

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Use Cases
Cloud:
NFV infrastructure as a service (NFVIaaS) like IaaS
Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) as a service (VNFaaS) like SaaS
VNF forwarding graphs (Service Chains)
Virtual Network Platform as a Service (VNPaaS) like PaaS
Mobile:
Virtualization of the Mobile Core Network and IMS
Virtualization of Mobile Base Station
Data Center:
Virtualization of CDNs
Access/Residential:
Virtualization of the Home environment
Fixed Access NF

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Summary
Yoram Orzach
yoram@ndi-com.com
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