Landscape soils management
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A quality landscape begins with a quality soil. Often soils are ignored in a landscape plan and it is not fully understood the importance of a healthy and productive soil to plant success and vitality. It all begins with the soil. This was a presentation at Ball Seed Customer and Landscape Day 2014. Discussion of soil basics, landscape soil best management practices, soil test and the benefits of soil quality and soil health for a successful landscape plan.
![Midwest Trading Horticultural Supplies Inc.
Kevin Donnelly CH
Horticultural Soil Scientist
Ryan Wagner
MT Sales Representative
soil_photo, credit: http://www.co.nrcs.usda.gov]
Landscape
Soils
Management](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/landscapesoilsmanagement-140801083538-phpapp01/85/Landscape-soils-management-1-320.jpg)
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Landscape soils management
- 1. Midwest Trading Horticultural Supplies Inc. Kevin Donnelly CH Horticultural Soil Scientist Ryan Wagner MT Sales Representative soil_photo, credit: http://www.co.nrcs.usda.gov] Landscape Soils Management
- 3. • Know your soil, Know Success • Make soils a part of the plan • Tips on selling the “soil” component of landscape projects Your Take Home Today
- 4. What Can Go Wrong • Poor quality plants • Poor plant selection • Improper maintenance • Poor soil conditions http://www.phillipsgardens.co.uk/gallery.html
- 5. Soil Best Management Practices • Needs to be site specific • There are some generalities, but you need tailor it to the needs of the project • Test, Test, Test • Plan for the soil • We should put as much care into soil health as we do plant selection and placement
- 6. On Site BMPs • New Construction • Retain and protect native topsoil & vegetation (esp Trees) • Minimize construction footprint • Store and reuse topsoil from site • Retain “buffer” vegetation along waterways • Restore disturbed soils by tilling 2-4” of compost into upper 8-12” of soil. Rip to loosen compacted layers • Existing Landscapes • Retrofit soils with tilled-in compost when re-landscaping • Mulch beds with organic mulches (bark mulch, leaf mulch, compost amendments), and top-dress turf with compost • Avoid overuse of chemicals, which may damage soil life Building soil-foundations for success soilsforsalmon.org
- 7. Testing • What kind of testing is needed? • Basic testing • Heavy metals • TACO • http://urbanext.illinois.edu/soiltest/ • There can be variability between labs • Need testing on your inputs as well • You could be adding to a problem with the wrong fertilizer or amendment
- 8. Testing, one size doesn’t fit all • Determine what tests are needed for the project intent • Determine what lab to work with for analysis • Be sure the samples are collected according to the quantity and method required by the lab, and analysis to be performed. • Submit them with plenty of lead time for the specific project.
- 10. 16 Essential Plant Nutrients • Carbon C • Hydrogen H • Oxygen O • Macro Nutrents • Nitrogen N • Phophorus P • Potassium K • Calcium Ca • Magnesium Mg • Sulfur S • Micro Nutrients • Boron B • Chlorine Cl • Copper Cu • Iron Fe • Manganese Mn • Molybdenum Mo • Zinc Zn
- 11. Cation Exchange Capacity Soil texture CEC (meq/100g soi) Sands (light-colored) 3-5 Sands (dark-colored) 10-20 Loams 10-15 Silt loams 15-25 Clay and clay loams 20-50 Organic soils 50-100 http://soils.tfrec.wsu.edu/webnutritiongood/soilprops/04CEC.htm
- 12. Soil Texture
- 13. Soil Texture
- 14. Porosity and Permeability • Permeability, or the ability of water to move through soil and at what rate, is directly influenced by porosity • Porosity is determined by the size, texture and structure of particles as well as the type and distribution of organic matter • Fine texture hold more water • Coarse Drain less • Medium textured soils can do both
- 15. Simple Field test for Permeability • What you need • Use large empty can, open on both ends (coffee can or equivalent) • Ruler • Timer • Water • Drive can into soil so that there is at least 3in below and above ground • Tamp down area around can to seal • Make sure to saturate soil area first to ensure you are seeing infiltration vs going into dry soil • Measure how far the water level drops in 1, 2, 3 hours • Good way to get estimate of inches per hour of infiltration >3in above >3in below
- 16. Bulk Density and Compaction • Bulk density is measure of mass per unit volume • Lbs/cf • g/cm3 • Compaction increase bulk density and can be detrimental to plant material and trees • Adding organic matter and other soil buiding activities lower bulk density
- 17. Organic matter • Organic matter vs. Organic material • Types of Organic materials • Compost (a verb not a noun) • Pine bark • Spent mushroom substrate • Mulch products • Cheap amendments and mulches may be just that. Inexpensive ok, but don’t sacrifice quality with cheap, that’s not why you are here
- 18. Organic Amendments • Supports soil organisms - Restores soil life • Buffers pH, acid or alkaline toward optimal 6.3-6.8 • Reduces bulk density (compaction) • Improves water holding capacity • Improves soil structure • Increases CEC, nutrient storage and availability
- 19. Create a soil management plan • Make soil a priority on any landscape project plan • Do on-site evaluations of soil conditions and needs • Test, test, test • Establish expectation with customers, employees and subcontractors that a soil management plan must be followed • If other contractors on job compact the soil, your plants and design will suffer • Source material from predictable and reputable sources and suppliers
- 20. Job specification • A job specification is a requirement not a suggestion • They can be convoluted , contradictory and unattainable • There can be hidden testing and sampling costs that are easily overlooked • Specified soils and amendments are not necessarily waiting for you to order, they may have to be engineered on a job specific basis which takes time • So… • Communicate • Anticipate • Plan accordingly
- 21. Selling soil quality to your customer •More marketable buildings •Better erosion control •Easier planting, healthier plants, fewer call backs •More attractive landscapes, that sell the next job •Easier maintenance for customers (healthier plants, fewer weeds, less need for water, fertilizer, pesticides) •Reduce storm water runoff, with better water quality •Regulatory compliance (current and upcoming regulations)
- 22. Selling soil quality to your customer •Value to builder/contractor •Less plant loss = fewer callbacks •Quicker planting in prepped soil •Easier maintenance •Better appearance sells next job •Sell quality & savings to customer •Better plant survival/ health/ growth/ appearance •Lower water bills, easier care •Reduced chemical needs = better for family health •Reduces storm runoff, improves water quality
- 23. Value of a Healthy Soil • Billions of soil organisms • Support healthy plant grower, fertilize, protect plants from disease • Create soil structure, resist compaction • Provide stormwater infiltration • Prevent Erosion • Reduce summer water needs • Filter out pollutants (oil, meatals, pesticieds, etc.) • Reduce need for landscape chemicals
- 24. Thank You
Notes de l'éditeur
- Welcome by Ryan
- -This is the ideal soil composition. Note the roots and organisms as a part of the organic mater complex -Oxygen is important for roots -Mineral nutrients in soil need organic complex to get into roots -Growing soils is 80% air/water As we discuss this stuff keep in mind that all soil characteristec are interconnected. Change one, change them all
- -You need to understand soil in order to ensure it is providing good footing for all the wonderful plant material you are seeing today -Make it a part of the initial plan, if the soil issues are not identified and dealt with, the design will not succeed -We will conclude with some thoughts hope to provide you with some tips on conveying this message to others
- -poor soil conditions -compaction -poor drainage -lifeless -contaminated by salt or other compounts if you over do it with fertilizer you can cause problems in the soil
- -some common themes -approach site by site -data data data on soil, soil amendments etc is very important I don’t say it b/c I do it, I do it because it is important -Make soil a priority
- Basic test Soil texture, pH, EC, CEC, Nutrient content Heavy metals are being required more and more TACO We don’t want to necessarily promote one lab over another, there are ones we use for various reasons. This link will give you a list of over a dozen labs. Always remember that extension is an often untapped resource that can help you A reputable supplier will be able to provide you with some testing on soils and compost. There isn’t much in the way of regulating what things are called, top soil could be a lot of things. Ask questions of your suppliers, seek out partnerships with them to help provide the right material solutions for your projects.
- What is the intent of the project? What question are you trying to answer. These factors matter. Until you get really comfortable with doing this, consult a lab or others on exactly sampling procedures as that can bias the results very quickly Provide as much information as necessary. More is more Testing can take time. Make sure you understand the turn around time and costs for testing. The lab or consultant you use is another critical partner in your businness So lets talk about some of the test and values
- Why is soil pH important. It changes the availability of nutrients. High pH can result in iron deficiency. They iron is there, but can’t get to the plant.
- Remember these are essential nutrients Fertilzer usually has N P K or rather N P2O5 and K2O potash
- The total amount of exchangeable cations that a particular material or soil can adsorb at a given pH. Exchangeable cations are held mainly on the surface of colloids of clay and humus, and are measured in milligram-equivalents per 100 g of material or soil. In general, the higher the CEC, the higher the soil fertility. Will impact capacity to retain nutrients Will impact lime or Sulfur for pH adjustment as well.
- Since we were talking about how good clay is for CEC, lets look at texture Look at handout of field test for soil texture
- These are products of nature and nature varies. Soils fields are few and far between these days Don’t get me started on “urban soils” Each area of the county has different soils, in our area we generally have clay to silty loam. Some sandy loam pockets Soils can vary drastically in the same field There are challenges in having the right s
- Professionally we use a double ring method to manage the effect of horizontal movement of water into dry areas
- Some times application of chemicals may suggest based on dry bulk density
- Organic matter vs organic material: matter is carbon, material is derived from plant/animal. Compost may be 30-60% OM
- Anicdote of lilac bush
- Engineers and Landscape architects with write specs for a reason.
- Better plant survival/health/growth Appearance Lower water bills Easier care Reduce chemical needs Better for health of family Reduce storm water runoff Value to builder/contractor Quicker planting in prepped soils Easier maintenance Better appearance sells next job