7. Approaches & Methods
in Language Teaching (Overview)
• Grammar Translation Methods
• The Direct Method
• The Oral Method
• The Audio-lingual Method (The Oral
Approach)
• Communicative Language Teaching
8. Approaches & Methods
in Language Teaching (Overview)
• 古い教授法…でも…
• 自分の授業に使えるところはないか？
• それぞれの由来・特徴を知る
• 実際に使ってみる
10. Grammar Translation Method
• 例１：Target Language→L1
• 次の文を日本語に訳しなさい。
• He didn t marry her because she was
rich. ...
• a) He was attracted to her personality.
• b) He hated the rich.
11. Grammar Translation Method
• a) He didn t marry her because she was
rich.
• 結婚したのは彼女がお金持ちだからじゃない。
• b) He didn t marry her [because she
was rich].
• 彼女はお金持ちなので結婚しなかった。
12. Grammar Translation Method
• 例２：L1→Target Language
• Choose one card at a time in turn. Do
not show the question to others.
• If the question is written in English, ask
it to your partners in Japanese.
• If the question is written in Japanese,
ask it to your partners in English.
13. Grammar Translation Method
• 1. Which questions do you like best?
Why?
• 2. Which questions do you find most
difficult to answer? Why?
• 3. Which questions do you find most
difficult to express in English?
14. The Oral Method
• 特徴（白畑ほか(編), 2009, pp.215-216）
• Harold E. Palmer（英語教育研究所創設→語学
教育研究所）が1920年代に提唱
• 「ことばを習得する際の５つの習性」を外国語学
習の過程に
• 文法的知識よりも運用を重視する
• 入門期６週間は音声のみによる指導
• Oral introduction + 英問英答
20. The Oral Method
• Conventional Conversation
• 例. Do you use a pen when you write?
• Do you use a knife when you write?
• What do you use when you write?
• When do you use a pen?
• Substitution and Conversion
• 例.
21. The Oral Method
•Tell us about yourself.
• My name is WATARI Yoichi.
• My best friend is iPhone 4S.
• I am very happy when I drink coffee.
• I feel proud of myself when I could
change trains smoothly.
22. The Oral Method
• And listen to your partners actively.
• Ok, Your name is Yoichi.
• Really. Your best friend is iPhone 4S.
• It s interesting. You are very happy
when …
• That s great. You feel proud of yourself
when …
24. Total Physical Response
by James Asher
• 例１: Listen and point
• Point to the ..., Show me your ...
• 例２: Topic-based TPR
• Everyone who s ... stand up.
• 例３: TPR routines
• Clap/Slap/Stamp/Put up, Simon says,
