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Biomechanics of locking plates
1.
2. Biomechanics of Locking
Plates
Zahid Askar
FCPS(Ortho), FRCS (Tr & Ortho)
Prof & Chair
Deptt of Orthopaedics & Trauma
Khyber Medical College, Peshawer
3. Pre-requisites for a good fixation system
• Minimal operative dissection
• Minimal periosteal contact
• Resist physiological loads to allow fracture union
• Provide sufficient stability to permit early limb motion,
4. The forces that must be
overcome by any
method of fracture
fixation.
AXIAL
BENDING
TORSIONAL
5. Axial force is countered in DCP by A x B
B
A = (the normal force provided by screw torque)
B = (the coefficient of friction between the plate and bone)In osteoporosis or comminuted fractures, the A xB < axial load which would could
lead to hardware failure
6. Limitations of Conventional Plates
• Failure in Osteopenic Bone------ Geriatrics
• Periosteal Avascularity --- ------- Tissue necrosis underneath the plate
• Percutaneous Plate ???
In the majority of fractures, conventional plating will do well
15. • A locked plate converts an axial load shear force into a
compressive stress at the screw bone interface
• The strength of fixation is equal to the sum of the entire
screw bone interface of all the screws as opposed to a
single screw as in unlocked screws
16. Techniqual Advantage
• Axial and angular stability
• Not preloaded
• Cannot be over-tightened
• Higher resistance against bending loads
• Monocortical insertion is possible
• No primary loss of reduction
• No or less screw loosening, no or less secondary loss of
reduction
17. Biological Advantages
• Reduced compression of the periosteum
• Protects blood supply to the bone
• Callus formation/bone healing under the plate
bone after plating with a DCP
bone after plating with a LCP
26. Number of Screws
• More locking screws will make the fixation very rigid
• YOU DO NOT NEED TO FILL ALL HOLES
• Conventional and locking screws can be combined 1:2
34. Order of Attack
1. Reduce the fracture first
2. For reduction, if you need put to conventional screws - they
should be put before the Locking Screws
3. Then fix it with Locking Screws.
4. For Articular Fractures, the articular portion of the fracture is
reduced first .
5. Reduce the shaft to the articular block
35.
36. Lag screws can be used to help reduce fragments
and construct stability improved w/ locking
screws
50. Summary
• Locking is a principle
• Mostly for Osteoporotic bones
• Beware of too rigid fixations
• Need Reduction
• Good for multifragmentary fracture and
MIPO
• Biomechanics should be understood