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Raiobiology 9
- 1. RADIOBIOLOGY Prof.Dr.Tarek Elnimr L 9 Presented to the Biology Departments in Faculty of Sciences on February 15 , 2009
- 2. L 9: X Ray production
- 6. Part 6: X Ray production Topic 1: Basic elements of an X Ray source assembly IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 8. X Ray tubes 6: X Ray production
- 10. X Ray tube components 6: X Ray production 1: long tungsten filament 2 : short tungsten filament 3 : real size cathode 1: mark of focal spot housing cathode
- 11. Part 6: X Ray production Topic 2: Cathode structure IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 13. Example of a cathode 6: X Ray production
- 15. Part 6: X Ray production Topic 3: Anode structure IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 18. Anode characteristic 6: X Ray production 1 : anode track 2 : anode track
- 19. Anode angle (II) 6: X Ray production THE SMALLER THE ANGLE THE BETTER THE RESOLUTION Angle Incident electron beam width Apparent focal spot size Actual focal spot size Film Angle Incident electron beam width Increased apparent focal spot size Actual focal spot size Film ‘
- 23. Part 6: X Ray production Topic 4: Rating Chart IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 27. X Ray tube rating chart (III) 6: X Ray production 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.5 1.0 5.0 10.0 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 50 kVp 70 kVp 90 kVp 120 kVp Unacceptable Exposure time (s) Tube current (mA) X Ray tube A half-wave rectified 3000 rpm 90 kV 1.0 mm effective focal spot
- 28. X Ray tube rating chart (IV) 6: X Ray production 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.5 1.0 5.0 10.0 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 50 kVp 70 kVp 90 kVp 125 kVp Acceptable Exposure time (s) Tube current (mA) X Ray tube B 3 full-wave rectified 10.000 rpm 125 kV 1.0 mm effective focal spot Unacceptable
- 30. Anode cooling chart (II) 6: X Ray production 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Elapsed time (min) Heat units stored (x 1000) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 500 HU/sec 1000 HU/sec 350 HU/sec 250 HU/sec Imput curve Cooling curve Maximum Heat Storage Capacity of Anode
- 31. Part 6: X Ray production Topic 5: X Ray generator IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 32. 6: X Ray production X-ray generator (I) It supplies the X-ray tube with : Current to heat the cathode filament Potential to accelerate electrons Automatic control of exposure (power application time) Energy supply 1000 X-ray beam energy (of which 99.9% is dissipated as thermal energy)
- 36. 6: X Ray production 100% 13% 4% Line voltage Single phase single pulse Single phase 2-pulse Three phase 6-pulse Three phase 12-pulse 0.02 s 0.01 s kV ripple (%) Tube potential wave form (II)
- 39. Part 6: X-ray production Topic 6: Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 41. 6: X Ray production Automatic exposure control X Ray tube Collimator Beam Soft tissue Bone Air Patient Table Grid Cassette AEC detectors
- 43. Part 6: X-ray production Topic 7: X-ray equipment operation and mode IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
Notes de l'éditeur
- Part No...., Module No....Lesson No Module title IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources Part …: ( Add part number and title) Module…: ( Add module number and title) Lesson …: ( Add session number and title) Learning objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, the students will be able to: … . (Add a list of what the students are expected to learn or be able to do upon completion of the session) Activity: ( Add the method used for presenting or conducting the lesson – lecture, demonstration, exercise, laboratory exercise, case study, simulation, etc.) Duration: ( Add presentation time or duration of the session – hrs) Materials and equipment needed: (List materials and equipment needed to conduct the session, if appropriate) References: (List the references for the session)
- Part No...., Module No....Lesson No Module title IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources Explanation or/and additional information Instructions for the lecturer/trainer
- Part No...., Module No....Lesson No Module title IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources Explanation or/and additional information Instructions for the lecturer/trainer
- Part No...., Module No....Lesson No Module title IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources Lecture notes: ( about 100 words) Instructions for the lecturer/trainer
- Part No...., Module No....Lesson No Module title IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources Part …: ( Add part number and title) Module…: ( Add module number and title) Lesson …: ( Add session number and title) Learning objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, the students will be able to: … . (Add a list of what the students are expected to learn or be able to do upon completion of the session) Activity: ( Add the method used for presenting or conducting the lesson – lecture, demonstration, exercise, laboratory exercise, case study, simulation, etc.) Duration: ( Add presentation time or duration of the session – hrs) Materials and equipment needed: (List materials and equipment needed to conduct the session, if appropriate) References: (List the references for the session)
- Part No...., Module No....Lesson No Module title IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources Part …: ( Add part number and title) Module…: ( Add module number and title) Lesson …: ( Add session number and title) Learning objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, the students will be able to: … . (Add a list of what the students are expected to learn or be able to do upon completion of the session) Activity: ( Add the method used for presenting or conducting the lesson – lecture, demonstration, exercise, laboratory exercise, case study, simulation, etc.) Duration: ( Add presentation time or duration of the session – hrs) Materials and equipment needed: (List materials and equipment needed to conduct the session, if appropriate) References: (List the references for the session)
- Part No...., Module No....Lesson No Module title IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources Part …: ( Add part number and title) Module…: ( Add module number and title) Lesson …: ( Add session number and title) Learning objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, the students will be able to: … . (Add a list of what the students are expected to learn or be able to do upon completion of the session) Activity: ( Add the method used for presenting or conducting the lesson – lecture, demonstration, exercise, laboratory exercise, case study, simulation, etc.) Duration: ( Add presentation time or duration of the session – hrs) Materials and equipment needed: (List materials and equipment needed to conduct the session, if appropriate) References: (List the references for the session)
- Part No...., Module No....Lesson No Module title IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources Part …: ( Add part number and title) Module…: ( Add module number and title) Lesson …: ( Add session number and title) Learning objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, the students will be able to: … . (Add a list of what the students are expected to learn or be able to do upon completion of the session) Activity: ( Add the method used for presenting or conducting the lesson – lecture, demonstration, exercise, laboratory exercise, case study, simulation, etc.) Duration: ( Add presentation time or duration of the session – hrs) Materials and equipment needed: (List materials and equipment needed to conduct the session, if appropriate) References: (List the references for the session)
- Part No...., Module No....Lesson No Module title IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources As can be seen a 300 mA, 0.5 s, 90 kV procedure would damage the system operated from a 1 half wave rectified generator (unacceptable) while (next slide) a 200 mA, 0.1 s, 120 kV procedure comply with the technical characteristics of the system operated from a 3 fully rectified generator (acceptable)
- Part No...., Module No....Lesson No Module title IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources As can be seen a 200 mA, 0.1 s, 120 kV procedure comply with the technical characteristics of the system operated from a 3 fully rectified generator (acceptable)
- Part No...., Module No....Lesson No Module title IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources The graph shows that : a procedure delivering 500 HU/s can go on indefinitely if it is delivering 1000 HU/s it has to stop after 10 min if the anode has stored 120.000 HU, it will take 5 min to cool down completely
- Part No...., Module No....Lesson No Module title IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources Let’s summarize the main subjects we did cover in this session. (List the main subjects covered and stress again the important features of the session)
- Part No...., Module No....Lesson No Module title IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources