1. Transboundary Animal Diseases:
Our challenges and opportunities for
capacity building of veterinary services
Thanawat Tiensin, DVM, PhD
Department of Livestock Development,
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Thailand
11. The concept of multi-sectoral
or multi-ministerial approaches
for public sector governance is
an essential element through
which a country acquires the
authorities to jointly provide
and manage public goods and
services.
“ONE HEALTH”
We can make changes. It is an opportunity.
12. 62 million birds killed and culled
17 of 25 human cases died
(449 of 844 cases in worldwide)
HPAI H5N1 in
Thailand (2004-2008)
Tiensin et al., Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2005
5,300 million Thai Baht
(US$ 132.5 million) for direct
compensation
0.39% of Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) in 2004
decreased - 25,240 million
Thai Bath (US$ 631 million)
12
Photos: Dr. Thaweesak Songserm
13. (Tiensin et al., 2005 and 2007)
??
What, Where, Why, When
and How? H5N1 Outbreak
13
14. Factors associated with H5N1 infection around clusters
Tiensin et al., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009
14
15. Understanding of the ecology and
nature of a disease occurrence
Tiensin et al., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009
15
Hypothetical
pathways of
HPAI H5N1
transmission
within and
between
subdistricts
17. Animal-human-
ecosystem interface
Small-scale farming and
market chain
• How to trace
backward to the
source of poultry
• How to maintain herd
immunity/ vaccination
program in backyard
operations
LBVD, Myanmar and Tiensin, 2011
18. Diversification of poultry
production systems in SE Asia
Country Large
industrial
Medium
commercial
Small
commercial
Backyard
Cambodia <1% poultry <1% poultry
99% farms, 90%
poultry
Indonesia
3.5% poultry,
export and
national
consumption
21.2% poultry 11.8% poultry 63.5% poultry
Lao PDR Small 10% poultry 90% poultry
Thailand
70-80 %
production,
export and
domestic
10-15%
production
5% production
Viet Nam Small
20-25%
production,
few producers
10-15%
production,
few producers
65% production,
possibly 70% of
poultry
19. Poultry compartmentalisation
• Strict biosecurity
measures
• Comprehensive
surveillance program
• Traceability
• Preventive and control
measures for AI
25. Targeted groups on surveillance
• Poultry in compartmentalized farms
• Poultry on GAP certified farms
• Poultry on pre-GAP certified farm
• Native poultry or fighting cocks with basic
biosecurity
• Backyard poultry
• Free grazing ducks
• Natural and wild migratory birds
26. Timeframe of surveillance in poultry
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Cloacal swab
-Backyard poultry
- Free-grazing duck
(cloacal swab & serum)
Serum
- Breeders poultry
- Poultry in buffer zone
- Native chicken/ fighting
cocks/pet birds
Serum
- Breeders poultry
- Poultry in buffer zone
- Native chicken/ fighting
cocks/pet birds
Cloacal swab
- Breeder
- Poultry in buffer zone
- Breed and layer farms
- Native chicken/ fighting cocks/pet
birds
Routine clinical and routine laboratory surveillance
Intensive Active sur.
26
Cloacal swab
- Breeders
- Poultry in buffer zone
- Broiler and layer farms
-Native chicken/ fighting
cocks/pet birds
Intensive active
clinical sur.
Cloacal swab
- Backyard poultry
- Free-grazing duck
(cloacal swab & serum)
27. 0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
1,000,000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
150,648
253,960
900,337
788,611
814,932
733,290
576,552
504,902
763,855
214,495
239,037
271,184
National Avian Influenza
Surveillance in Poultry of Thailand
(Sampling of cloacal and tracheal swabs)
No.samples
27Pre-slaughterhouse and pre-movement testing samples excluded
28. 5 km radius
Sampling 20
cloacal swabs
in an affected
farm/village Outer 5 km radius on
clinical surveillance
HPAI
5 km. 5 km.
10 km. radius Movement
Prohibition for 30 daysRestocking after 90
days of stamping-out
the last animals and
disinfecting
completion
Outbreak response
10 km.
28
29. We can make CHANGES
Together, we can bring more trusts
and better collaboration.
CRISIS is an opportunity
30. PVS brings CHANGES
PVS Gap Analysis, 2014
Progress and outcomes of PVS Pathway
PVS Evaluation, 2012
31. A lack of veterinarians at field level (district
level),
A lack of regulatory control over veterinary
drug sales and their use (outside of GAP
certified farms),
Domestic food safety in smaller slaughtering
establishments, milk collecting centres needs
more attention in order to guarantee the same
high quality as the exports,
Technical independence to be improved,
Some gaps in disease control programmes,
Capacity and authority of the VSB
Major gaps of PVS Evaluation
32. In 2013-2015, 280 new veterinarians were recruited to work at the DLD district level.
The Royal Thai Government approved a 10-year recruitment plan of 1,000 official vets.
Public-private partnership in VS (delegation of the authority to private sector)
10-year plan of veterinarian recruitment
126 127
27
20 25
39
63
56
99
121
154
143
117
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Currently there are 956 vets out of 10,627 DLD staff
33. 35 Dairy Herd Health Units (DHHUs) at the District Level (Mass and Focus)
One Team: 2-3 veterinarians, 1-2 animal husbandry technicians
Enhancing GAP and GMP system in dairy sector
Increasing additional tasks of field vets in the future
35. Bridging WHO and OIE tools for the assessment of national capacities
36. What are the WHO IHR Monitoring
Framework and the OIE PVS Pathway?
Lessons Learnt from the National
Workshop on IHR/PVS Assessment
37. Sharing the same goals,
Having the same
competencies and
capacities to be improved,
Being friends (IHR/PVS) for
sometime,
Talking the same language
Our similarities
How to work together?
bring a concept to the field level?
38. 8 Core Capacities
• Legislation and Policy
• Coordination
• Surveillance
• Response
• Preparedness
• Risk Communications
• Human Resources
• Laboratory
Potential hazards
• Infectious pathogen
• Zoonotic pathogen
and food safety
• Chemical hazards
• Radio nuclear
hazards
Events at
Points of Entry
Human, physical
and financial
resources (14 cc)
- Technical staffing
- Competencies
- Continuing
education
- Coordination
- Structure stability
- Resource
- Funding etc.
Technical authority
and capability (18
cc)
- Laboratory
- Risk analysis
- Border security
- Epidemiological
surveillance
- Response
- Food safety
-Vet biologicals etc.
Interaction with
stakeholders (7 cc)
- Communication
- Consultation with
stakeholders
- Official
representation
- Accreditation/
delegation
- Participation
- VSB etc.
Access to markets
(8 cc)
- Legislation
- Implementation of
legislation
- International
harmonisation and
Certification
- Transparency
-Comparmentalisation
- Zoning etc.
Fundamental Components and Competencies
Core Capacities
PVS Evaluation Tool
IHR Monitoring Framework
39. Some initiatives to tackle main health issues:
Together, we have learnt many lessons: Rabies, HPAI, SARS, MERS,
Antimicrobial resistance, etc.
41. Database for daily suspected case report
Name &
ID
Address Poultry
type
No. of Sick
/Dead/Destroy
Signs
Sick
Date
Activities Sample ID
Signs Activities
District Province
Date
Sharing information between
animal and public health services
42. SURVEILLANCE NETWORK (One Health)
District Livestock
Officer
Provincial level
District
level
Sub- district
level
Village
Chief of village/
Livestock volunteer/
Poultry owner
Public Health Volunteer /
Suspected patient (s)
Subdistrict Administration
Organization
District Public Health
Office / Hospital
Subdistrict Health
Unit
Provincial Livestock
Office
HPAI Task Force
District Gov.
(Head)
Provincial Public Health
Office / Hospital
Provincial level
District
level
Sub- district
level
Village
HPAI Task Force
Prov. Gov. (Supervisor)
Subdistrict
Livestock Assistant
42
43. ‘One Health Approach’ at provincial level
‘One Health Committee’ at provincial level
established
Regular meeting organized
‘One Health’ Coordinating Center at
provincial level
Clear roles and responsibilities identified
Chain of command and coordination
mechanism (Clear flow chart) for public
health emergency response
Joint Surveillance and Rapid Response
Team (SRRT) between animal and public
health sectors
Joint investigation for Brucellosis and Streptococcus suis infection, etc
44. 44
Vet in Actions - Various Trainings
Field Epidemiology Training Programme (FETP) for Veterinarians (FETPV)
47. From Recommendations to Actions: to achieve
the quality of PHS and VS
Challenging, transforming and empowering.
Better quality and safety of lives
Act locally, impact globally
48. Disease priorities in Asia
and the Pacific Region
• OIE Official recognition of PPR,
AHS free
• Self-declaration free of HPAI
• OIE Official endorsement of FMD
National Control Program
• SEACFMD Free Zone in the
eastern region of Thailand
• Rabies control and elimination
program
• OIE Official recognition of CBPP,
BSE, CSF free (on-going process)
50. • OIE Reference Laboratory for FMD,
RRL Pakchong
• OIE Reference Laboratory for
Brucellosis, NIAH Bangkok
• OIE Collaborating Center for Capacity
Building of Veterinary Services
