[Slideshare] fiqh-course (august 2014-batch) -introdn #1a -(13-august-2014)

“INTRODUCTIONTOTHESTUDYOF
FIQH”
IntermediateLevel IslamiccourseinEnglishforAdults
conductedbyUstazZhulkefleeHjIsmail
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014)
LESSON # 1a –
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FIQH
And say: O Lord! Increase for me my knowledge
Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for
Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.
“To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”
UPDATED – 13 August-2014
AUGUST 2014 - INTAKE

2
Fardhu‘Ain forAdults

3All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014)

4
”Seest thou not how Allah sets forth a parable?― a goodly Word
like a goodly tree, whose root is firmly fixed, and its branches
(reach) to the heavens― It brings forth its fruit at all times, by the
leave of its Lord. So Allah sets forth parables for men, in order
that they may receive admonition;
(Qur’an: Ibrahim: 14: 24-25)

“Allah” : Arabic proper noun; name for God, it refers
to the One and Only, the Unique Creator, Lord
Sustainer of the Universe, Who Alone is God – there
is none besides Allah.
No equivalent translation in non-Semitic language.
LAA–ILAA-HA - IL-LALLAAH
“ThereisnogodexceptAllah”
FROM PREVIOUS LESSONS

MUHAMMADURRASUU-LULLAAH
“MuhammadisthemessengerofAllah”
“Muhammad s.a.a.w.” : Arabic name meaning “the
Praised One”; he is the Chosen, Unlettered Prophet,
the servant and Messenger of Allah, the Awaited
Seal of Prophethood after whom there will be no
more prophet sent.
FROM PREVIOUS LESSONS

“For We have never sent any Messenger except that he
should be heeded (obeyed) by Allah’s leave”.
(Qur’an : An-Nisa : 4 : 64)

“O you who have believed, respond to Allah
and to the Messenger when he calls you to
that which gives you life. And know that Allah
intervenes between a man and his heart and
that to Him you will be gathered.”
(Qur’an: Anfal: 8: 24)

IIMAN
Belief
Faith
Conviction
IHSAN
Best or
Righteous
Conduct
‘AMAL
[Islam]
Submission
Obedience
Practice
Faith without obedience is meaningless; and obedience without Faith is
mere rituals and may even lead to hypocrisy.
Together, Faith and Obedience must lead to Righteousness with IHSAN
which essentially focus in our intention to sincerely serve Allah s.w.t.
Thus, in these three aspects can one be said to be true in his submission to
the Will of Allah (as Muslim).

TAUHEEDIC
paradigm
‘ILM TAUHEED - ‘AQIDAH
(Creed or Theology)
‘ILM FIQH
(Practical Laws for life;
Learning of the Shari’ah)
‘ILM AKHLAQ / TASAWWUF /
IRFAN
(Science of human Disposition/ Sufism)

Every tree begun from a seed, and would
grow in stages – from seedling into a plant
which from its onset develops several
important crucial components viz. Its roots,
its stems which then grow into trunk and
branches, its barks and leaves etc.
All of these has to be nurtured and let to
grow in tandem – as and when conditions
permits.
If any of these is neglected, or process for
their growth stymied to only allow one
component to be fully developed without
these others – then the tree may be harmed.

“O YOU who have attained to faith! Ward off from
yourselves (i.e. save yourself) and those who are close
to you (AHLI-KUM) that fire [of the hereafter] whose
fuel is human beings and stones: [lording] over it are
angelic powers awesome [and] severe, who do not
disobey Allah in whatever He has commanded them,
but [always] do what they are bidden to do.”
(Qur’an: Tahrim: 66: 6)

“ Educators are like gardeners, the best of them are the local gardeners
with the most experience, who have been living with and nurturing the
plants and being the caretaker of its ornaments. Although they are often
unassuming by avoiding the gaze of people admiring the garden, yet
ignoring them is indeed ignorant heedlessness, compounded with
ingratitude, while preferring others less able over them is injustice ”
'If you are grateful, I will surely increase you [in
favour];
but if you deny, indeed, My punishment is severe”
(Qur’an: Surah Ibrahim: 14: 7)
MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL
AN-NASEEHAH
Sincere Advice

ISLAM SUBJECT
SUBJECT
ISLAM
"Turn ye to your Lord (in repentance) and
(ASLIMU-LAHU) bow to His (Will),”
(Qur’an: Surah Az-Zumar: 39: 54)
MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
AN-NASEEHAH

MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.

MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
“It is He (Allah) Who has sent amongst the Unlettered
a messenger (Muhammad) from among themselves,
(YATLU –’ALAYHIM AA-YAA-TIHI) to rehearse to them
His Signs, (YUZAK-KEE-HIM) to sanctify (purify and
grow) them, and (YU-’ALEEMUHUM) to instruct them
in (AL-KITAB) Scripture and (AL-HIKMAH) Wisdom―
although they had been, before, in manifest error― .“
(Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2)

MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
“As well as (to confer all these benefits upon) others of them, who
have not already joined them: and He is Exalted in Might, Wise.”

MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
“Such is the Bounty of Allah, which He bestows on whom He will:
and Allah is the Lord of the highest bounty.”

“Who is better in speech than one who calls (men) to Allah
(DA-’AA ILALLAAH), works righteousness, and says "I am of
those who bow in Islam (MINAL-MUSLI-MEEN)"
(Qur’an: Fussilat: 41: 33)

“Nor should the Believers all go forth together: if a contingent
from every expedition remained behind, they could devote
themselves to studies in religion (LIYA-TAFAQQAHU -FID-
DEEN) and (LIYUN-DZIRUU) admonish the people when they
return to them― that thus they (may learn) to guard
themselves (against evil).”
(Qur’an: Taubah: 9:122)

Say: "Are those equal, those who know and those who
do not know? It is those who are endued with
understanding that receive admonition.“
(Qur’an: Zumar: 39: 9)

“So ask the people of the ‘Remembrance’ (i.e. those
who know) in matters which you do not know.“
(Qur’an: Anbiya’: 21: 7)

“Verily those who truly fear Allah from among His
Servants, those who have knowledge (AL-’ULAMA): for
Allah is Exalted in Might, Oft-Forgiving.“
(Qur’an: Fatir: 35: 28)

“ Allah will raise up, to (suitable) ranks (and degrees),
those of you who believe and who have been granted
Knowledge (UU-TUL-’ILMA): and Allah is well-acquainted
with all ye do.”
(Qur’an: Mujadilah: 58: 11)

He (Allah) grants (AL-HIKMAH) wisdom to whom He pleases;
and he to whom (AL-HIKMAH) wisdom is granted receives
indeed a benefit overflowing; but none will grasp the message
but men of understanding (ULUL-AL-BAAB).“
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 269)

“Whomsoever that Allah wishes for him goodness,
He will make him a FAQIH (learned) in matters of the
religion(Deen); and for everything there is a pillar,
and the pillar of this religion is AL-FIQH – (the
profound understanding of the Deen); a learned
scholar (of the Deen) is more difficult upon satan
than a thousand worshippers.”
(Reported by Bukhary and Muslim)

“Whosoever sets out upon the path in which to
seek knowledge (‘ILMA), Allah will make easy
for him the path to Paradise.”
(Reported by Abu Daud & Tirmidzi)

“The best ones amongst you is the person who makes your
remember Allah when you look upon him; and whenever he speaks
it increases you your knowledge (of the Deen), and with his deeds it
inspires (motivates) you to strive for your Hereafter.”
(Hadith reported by Hakim from Ibnu ‘Umar r.a.)

“People are like minerals, the best of them in Jahiliyah
will still be the best amongst them in Islam,
so long as they have proper (profound) understanding.”
(Hadith reported by Bukhary, Muslim, Darimi and Ahmad)
ISLAMIC EDUCATION IS ABOUT
SELF-ACTUALIZING
POTENTIALS OF EVERY MUSLIM

* The famous companion (SAHABI) of the Prophet s.a.a.w.
“Knowledge is not from the listening of much narrations
(or merely reading books), verily knowledge is light
(which Allah s.w.t.) into the heart.”
(Saying of * Ibnu Mas’ud r.a.)

* Muhammad ibn al-Hassan Abu ’Abdallah al-Shaibany r.h.m. said:
•The famous student of Imam Abu Hanifah r.h.m.
amongst the teachers of Imam Ash-Shafi’ie r.h.m
“The most meritorious of knowledge is knowledge of
the ‘Haal’ (spiritual state); and the most meritorious of
actions (deeds) is to maintain one’s standing (goodly
spiritual state attained).”

• REFLECTION:
Our concern should be towards drawing close to Allah
spiritually described as states (Haal). In the incremental
states which we gained, we must strive to maintain with
‘amal (practice) as we can regress. When ‘istiqomah’ in
one’s Haal is achieved, it is called ‘Maqom’

“Learn (seek knowledge)! For the learning is an
adornment for the one who (strive and) possesses it; a
virtue and a prelude to every praiseworthy action.”

• REFLECTION:
Certainly, this is from the Islamic perspective of
knowledge linked to ‘ibaadah – not the secularist-
culture of learning which is attached to value-
system quite opposed to Islamic ideals.

• REFLECTION:
“Fiqh” – literally means “profound understanding (of the
Deen)” – ref: al-Qur’an Surah Taubah : 9: 122, which later
was used to refer to the studies of Islamic jurisprudence.
“Give yourself up to the study of jurisprudence
(FIQH), for the knowledge of jurisprudence is the
best guide to piety and the fear of God and it is
the straightest path to the ultimate goal.”

• REFLECTION:
Again, one has to understand Islam’s value system which
do not separate the eternal goodness and hardship in
Hereafter with present life which is temporary and
fleeting. Thus, those with secular worldview, may not be
able to appreciate profoundly this message.
• “It is the milestone leading to the ways of proper guidance; it is the
fortress that saves [one] from all hardships. “

“Indeed, one godly person versed in jurisprudence is more
powerful against Satan than a thousand [ordinary] worshippers.”
• REFLECTION:
Only by knowing the boundaries between obedience and
disobedience, instilled with Taqwa (fear of transgression)
that can effectively equip a Muslim against being tempted or
deceived by Satan. Thus, the emphasis upon this knowledge.

“The knowledge is what benefits,
not what is memorized”
(Imam Muhammad Idris ash-Shafi’e rhm. a.)

“Whoever seeks knowledge (intending) to argue with
the learned (scholars), or to brag with the foolish;
or with it to attract peoples’ attention to himself;
Allah will make him to enter the Hell-fire.”
(Hadith also reported by Tirmidzi and Ibn Majah)

“We are (much) in need of a little Adab, from (that of)
going out (seeking) after much of ‘ilm (knowledge)” –
(Imam ‘Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak)

"Indeed the scholars are the inheritors of the Prophets, but if they
fall into covetousness and greed, who shall be taken as leaders? The
merchants and businessmen are the trustees of Allah, so if they are
treacherous, who can be trusted? The warriors are the guests of
Allah so if they become extreme (or take spoils without right), with
whom can we defeat the enemies? The righteous and ascetic ones
are the kings of the earth but if they become insincere (i.e. have
riya’), who shall be followed? The governors/rulers are the
shepherds (protectors) of the people, but if the shepherd becomes a
wolf, who shall protect the flock?"
- Imam 'Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak

“(‘ilm) Knowledge without Adab,
is like (having) fire (but) without wood (fuel);
and Adab without knowledge (‘ilm) ,
is like (having) the Soul (but) without body.”

BY READING ?
AS LISTENERS ?
BEING IN PRESENCE ?
BY BEING TRUE SEEKERS ?
ACCEPTED AS SEEKERS ?
UNDERGOING MENTORSHIP ?
LEARNING THROUGH KHIDMAH ?
Or, could it be that we are still affected by “PAPERCHASE SYNDROME” ?
TASAWWUR ISLAM

 Purify his soul (nafs) from impure
traits and blameworthy
characteristics.
Such as:-
‘ujub (self-conceit)
Juhud (ungrateful, obstinacy)
Kibr (arrogance)
Hasd (jealousy)
Riya’ (ostentatious)
Hub al-jah (love for status)
Hub ad-dunya (love of the world)
Etc. .. amongst others ....
He is indeed successful who purify
and causes it to grow,
(Qur’an: Shams: 91: 10)

 Remove impediments (affairs of the world)
to devote with undivided attention to the
study.
“Allah has not made for any man two hearts in his (one) body “
(Qur’an: Ahzab: 33: 4)

 Never scorn knowledge nor exalt
himself/herself over the teacher.
“Whosever has humility (tawwadhu’),
Allah will raise his rank (and status);
and whosoever is arrogant (proud - takabbur)
Allah will humiliate him.”
(Hadith of our Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.)
Prophet Muhammad s.a.a.w. said:

 Observe priority in learning and submit
to the advise of the teacher in the
matters of his learning.
“... and be satisfied with your ignorance
if you have wronged a teacher.”
A POEM FROM KITAB “TA’LIM MUTA’LLIM”

 Must be patient and not be hasty in
learning as one may need to master
praiseworthy knowledge.
Prophet Muhammad s.a.a.w. said:
“Calmness is from Allah, and (whereas)
hastiness is from satan.”
(Hadith reported by Baihaqy from Anas r.a.)

 Do not attempt to address every branch of
knowledge but must observe order and begin with
the most important.
O ye who believe! put not yourselves forward before
Allah and His Messenger: but fear Allah:
for Allah is He who hears and knows all things.
(Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 1)

 Learn to ascertain the noble nature of
this or other science. Such as to know value & priority:-
Fardh ‘Ain (personal obligation)
Fardh Kifaya (community obligation)
Muqaddimat (introductory)
Mukhtasar (Summary)
Mufasssal (Detail)
Mujmal (General)
Khususiya (Specialised)
Usul (Principles)
Furu’ (Branches or secondary)
Manfa’at (beneficial)
Ghoyr Manfa’at (not beneficial)
Etc. .. amongst others ....

 Purpose of learning is for the adornment of inner
self with virtues – seeking nearness to Allah
(“Taqarrub-il-lAllaah”) and attainment of piety
(“Taqwa”).
Verily the most honoured of you in the sight
of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you.
(Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 13)

Avoid polemics.
(Difference between Maslahat al-mursala and Bid’ah)
1. Niyyat : Essentials (rukn ’) in every worship (servitude).
2. Intention is formulated in the heart and mind.
3. In language that one understands.
4. Conscious awareness accompanying the act.
5. Clarity of action and purpose.
6. To eradicate ambiguity.
7. Sincerity towards Allah s.w.t.

As an example of the intention (and Du’a): as formulated by
Imam Qutb al-Irshad al-Habib ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Alawi al-Haddad
(rahimahullah) – may we benefit from his Wisdom and secrets.

“I intend to learn and teach (knowledge), to gain and to share
benefits, to receive and to give reminders, to seek (Allah’s)
bestowals and to bestow (upon others), to holdfast to the
teachings of the Book of Allah (Qur’an) and As-Sunnah of His
Messenger s.a.a.w. , to invite towards the right guidance, to
show to the path of goodness, beseeching and seeking to please
Allah s.w.t., so as to gain nearness to Him and hoping for (His
acceptance and) His reward. Amin”
As an example of the intention (and Du’a): as formulated by
Imam Qutb al-Irshad al-Habib ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Alawi al-Haddad
(rahimahullah) – may we benefit from his Wisdom and secrets.

 Refer also to the traditional text :
“Ta’lim Muta’allim Tariqit Ta’allum”
“INSTRUCTION OF THE STUDENT : THE METHOD OF
LEARNING”
by Sheikh Imam Tajuddin Nu’man al-Zarnuji.

“O ye who believe! Take not into your intimacy (bitaanah*)
those outside your ranks; they will not fail to corrupt you. They
only desire your ruin: rank hatred has already appeared from
their mouths; what their hearts conceal is far worse. We have
made plain to you the Signs, if ye have wisdom.
(Qur’an : Aali’Imran: 3:118)
*bitaanah : advisors, consultants, protectors, intimate friends, helpers ...

“O ye who believe! (Be conscious of Allah and) Fear Allah
(TAQWA) and be with those who are true (in word and deed).”
(Qur’an: Taubah:9: 119)

“He is not from my Ummah (community),
One who do not respect our elders, or
One who is not merciful (kind) to our young, and
one who do not know (and respect the rights of)
our ‘Ulama’ (Islamic scholars).”
(Hadith of our Prophet s.a.w. Reported by Tabrany)

“A person is upon the religion (way of life)
of the ones (friends) he is close to,
therefore look to whom you (love to befriend or) close to.”
(Hadith reported by Tirmidzi)

Imam Muhammad ibnu Sirrin (rhm.a) advices and warns us Muslims:
”Verily this is knowledge (contains the rules) of the DEEN
(Religion), so look thoroughly into
the person from whom you acquire
(the knowledge of) your DEEN (Religion).”

“Whosoever has an increase in knowledge without any increase
in his detachment (ZUHD) for the world, would not have any
increase with Allah except in his distancing himself further”
(Hadith reported by Dailami from ‘Ali ibn Abi Tolib r.a.)

“He is not an ascetic (ZAHID) he who is detached (denounce) the
dirham and dinar (i.e. money), but verily a true ascetic (ZAHID) is
one who detaches himself from all other
except the Irresistable (Allah jallaajalaa-luh)”
(Explanation of “ZUHD” by Ibn ‘Arabiy)

A SCHOLARS’ ADVICE FROM KITAB “TA’LIM MUTA’LLIM”
“He who does not exert abstinence (WARA’) while learning, God (Allah) the
Almighty chastise [him] in one of three ways:
[1] either deprives him of life in his youth, or
[2] exiles him into [far-off] regions, or
[3] punishes him [by forcing him to enter] the service of the Sultan.”

Amongst the definitions:
“....... Knowledge is the arrival (husul- )* of the meaning
(ma’na- ) of a thing or object of knowledge in the soul of
the subject; and simultaneously,..... Knowledge is the soul’s arrival
(wusul- ) at the meaning of that thing or the object of
knowledge.”
By “meaning” (ma’na- ) is: “the recognition of the proper place
of anything in a system ...”
* “attainment; acquirement” is a better translation.
EPISTEMOLOGY
Prof. Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas

Thus, perspective of Education in Islam can be defined:
“... Recognition and acknowledgement, progressively instilled into
man, of the proper places of things in the order of creation,
such that it leads to the recognition and acknowledgement of
the proper place of God in the order of being and existence.”
______________________________________________________
Quoted from: “The Educational Philosophy and Practice of Syed
Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas” by Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud (ISTAC
publication).
___________________________________________________
EPISTEMOLOGY
In other words, it is all about – “ADAB ”

EPISTEMOLOGY

Whatever is outside of the
person – to be regarded as
information ( ) – not
knowledge ( ).
Knowledge resides in the
person – and is also an
attribute (sifat- ) of
the person him/herself.

Information may not
necessarily convey any
meanings, but can be
subjected to process or
interpretation – by a human
– striving to seek and
arriving at understanding of
“meanings” from it.
Knowledge has to do
with “meanings” –
which may include
abstract concepts and
construct beyond the
material forms.

Every one may have equal
access to a given
information.
Yet, there can be
difference in levels and
depths of knowledge to
a given information,
depending upon who
contemplates upon it.

Just as raw data input are
meant to be processed by
the computer , our readings,
observations, news, data
and information etc. are
objects to be understood
and possible meanings from
it to be comprehended by us
human.
It is when cognition of
man are applied to
process these
information, that he
may be said to arrive
at knowledge (i.e.
when it becomes
meaningful).

THUS the Qur’an categorize
these (information) as:
“Signs” – aayat ( )
Al-Qur’an – aayat Qawliyyah
Universe – aayat Kauniyah
THUS the Qur’anic
approach for man’s
education enjoins him
to “Read” ( ) these
signs to arrive at the
“meanings” –
regarding the REALITY.

Note:
Arabic word “universe” and “a scholar; one who
is knowledgeable” is spelt:
( )

“O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be
true and grant us the ability to follow it.
And make us see Falsehood to be false
and grant us the ability to reject it.”

O Allah! Make us to be people who guide
(others) and who are (always) Guided (by
Your Guidance) .

Not of those who are astray and
who lead people astray.

O Allah! Guide us all
with Your Guidance.

And make us people who hasten towards
what pleases You.

And do not let us be protected (by
others) except only with Your Protection
(as our Guardian).

And do not make us to be of those who
differ from Your command and who are
disobedient towards You.

And sufficient is Allah for us,
for He is the Best Protector

And there is no power nor strength except
with Allah The Most High, the Most Esteem.

And salutations of Allah and Peace be upon our
Leader Muhammad, and upon His household
and Companions .

And all the Praises belongs to Allah,
Lord Sustainer of all the world

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[Slideshare] fiqh-course (august 2014-batch) -introdn #1a -(13-august-2014)

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