1. Diversity of Organisms and
Classification

2. Classification of Organisms
Kingdom
Phylum / Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

3. Species
The smallest group of organisms
classified which can interbreed with
each other to produce fertile offspring

4. Five Kingdom System
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Animals
Plants

5. Bacteria Kingdom
Unicellular,
microscopic
No nucleus
– Prokaryotic
No chlorophyll
– Saprophytic or
parasitic

6. Protist kingdom
Unicellular; microscopic
Nucleus present
– Eukaryotic
Autotrophic or heterotrophic

7. Fungus kingdom
Eukaryotic
Made up of hyphae
No root, stem and
leaf
No chlorophyll
– Saprophytic or
parasitic
Reproduce by
forming spores

8. Animal Kingdom
Eukaryotic
Divided into two groups according to the
presence or absence of backbone:
– Invertebrates : without backbone
– Vertebrates : with backbone

9. Invertebrate
Coelenterates
•2 layers of cells
•Have tentacles with
sting cells
•One opening

10. Flatworm
•Long and flattened body
•Free living or parasitic

11. Ringed worms
•Long and segmented body
•Have chaetae for locomotion

12. Roundwoms
Long, cylindrical and segmented body
Most of them are parasites

13. •Molluscs
•Soft and unsegmented body
•Covered by a hard shell

14. Echinoderms
•Marine animals with 5-radial plan body
•Have external spines

15. Arthropods
• Segmented body
• Have a hard exoskeleton and several pairs
of jointed legs
• Divided into 4 classes
1. Crustaceans
2. Arachnids
3. Myriapods
4. Insects

16. Crustaceans

17. Arachnids

18. Myriapods

19. Insects

20. Vertebrates
Divided into 5 groups:
– Fish
– Amphibians
– Reptiles
– Birds
– Mammals

21. Fish
Aquatic
Cold-blooded
Body covered with
wet and slimy scales
Streamline body for
easy movement
through water
Fins for balance and
to control movement
Gills for breathing
External fertilization

22. Amphibians
Cold-blooded
Moist, scaleless skin
Limbs present
– tetrapods
Larvae (tadpoles)
use gills for
breathing; adults use
lungs
External fertilization

23. Reptiles
Cold-blooded
Body covered with
dry, hard scales
Live on land
Breathe with lungs
Internal fertilization;
lay shelled eggs

24. Birds
Warm-blooded
With feathers and
wings
Beak for feeding
Lungs for breathing
Internal fertilization;
lay shelled eggs

25. Mammals
Warm-blooded
Hairs on skin
Females have
mammary glands for
producing milk
Lungs for breathing
Diaphragm present
Internal fertilization;
embryos develop
inside mothers’ bodies

26. Plant Kingdom
Eukaryotic
Most plants contains photosynthetic
pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for
photosynthesis
– Autotrophic
Can be divided into two groups:
– Non-flowering plants
– Flowering plants

27. Non-flowering plants
4 groups:
– Algae
– Mosses
– Ferns
– Gymnosperms

28. Algae
Aquatic
May be unicellular or
multicellular
No root, stem or leaf
Contain photosynthetic
pigments (e.g.
chlorophyll) for
photosynthesis

29. Mosses
With simple leaves and stems
No root; with rhizoids for anchorage and
absorption of water
Reproduce by spores
No vascular tissues
Found in damp area

30. Ferns
With true roots,
stems, leaves and
vascular tissues
Reproduce by
spores
Live in damp
places

31. Gymnosperms
Reproduction by
producing seeds
– Seeds develop in
cones, not enclosed
by fruits
⇒ naked seeds
Needle-shaped
leaves to reduce
water loss

32. Angiosperms (Flowering plants)
With flowers for
reproduction
Seeds are
produced inside
the fruit (matured
ovary)

33. Two groups of flowering plants
MonocotyledonsDicotyledons
Cotyledons Two One
Leaf venation Netted Parallel
Root system Tap root system Fibrous root
system