1. LANGUAGES IN CONTACT
DIGLOSSIA
Dr. K. Lakehal-Ayat
Mentouri University Constantine
Dr. K. Lakehal-Ayat

2. Language Contact
• The existence of 2 varieties (or 2 languages)
Their functions Diglossia
side by side in the SAME community raises a
numberTheir relation to each other
of interesting issues concerning
Pidgins and
Why Creoles kept separate
they are Bilingualism
Where and how they mix
Code-
Switching
What results from their mixture
Dr. K. Lakehal-Ayat

3. Diglossia (Definition)
Variety 1 Functions 1
Diglossia
Variety 2 Functions 2
Dr. K. Lakehal-Ayat

4. These varieties
Not only in the
Coexist in one
whole
particular group
community
or class
Dr. K. Lakehal-Ayat

5. Charles Ferguson (1921-1998)
Dr. K. Lakehal-Ayat

6. Dr. K. Lakehal-Ayat

7. • Switzerland : Standard German and Swiss
German
• Haiti: Standard French and Haitian Creole
• Greece: Attic and Demotik
• Arab world : Algerian, Morrocan, Tunisian, etc.
Dr. K. Lakehal-Ayat

8. • Standard Arabic
• Formal speeches, religious
H (High) sermons, broadcasting news,
and literature.
• Spoken form
• Conversations, informal
L (Low) contexts (radio and TV series,
folk literature), informal writing
Dr. K. Lakehal-Ayat

9. Symbol of national Associated with Islam Perfect , more logical,
unification and the Holy Koran and more beautiful
H L
Not a
mother Deviation
tongue
Codified Without
variety (taught
at school)
structure
Prestigious
Dr. K. Lakehal-Ayat

10. Dr. K. Lakehal-Ayat

11. Dr. K. Lakehal-Ayat