Hardware is the physical equipment of a computer system and can be divided into input and output devices. Input devices such as keyboards, mice, and microphones are used to enter data into the system, while output devices like printers, speakers, and monitors are used to display or present the output from the computer. Common input devices include keyboards for text, mice and trackballs for pointing, joysticks for gaming, scanners for images, and webcams for video input. Common output devices are printers for hardcopy images and text, and speakers and headsets for audio output.

1. Hardware

2. Hardware is physical equipment of computer
system. Hardware can be divided into two
categories:
Input Device and Output Device.Input Device and Output Device.

3. INPUT DEVICE
Input device is computer device that is used to
input data into computer system.
Input device can be divided into some
categories:categories:

4. 1. Text input devices
Such as keyboard, a device to input text and characters by
depressing buttons (referred to as keys), similar to a
typewriter. The most common English-language key layout is
the QWERTY layout. Below is a picture of a keyboard using
QWERTY layout.

5. 2. Pointing devices
The most common pointing device is mouse. In
computing, a mouse (plural mice or mouse devices) is acomputing, a mouse (plural mice or mouse devices) is a
pointing device that functions by detecting two-
dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface.
Physically, a mouse consists of an object held under one
of the user's hands, with one or more buttons, other
elements, such as "wheels", or extra buttons.

6. Other alternative of pointing device is trackball, a
pointing device consisting of an
exposed protruding ball housed in a socket that
detects rotation about two axes. The trackball
was invented by Tom Cranston and Fred Longstaff
as part of the Royal Canadian Navy‘s DATAR
system in 1952[1], eleven years before the mousesystem in 1952[1], eleven years before the mouse
was invented. Below is a picture of a trackball.

7. 3. Gaming devices
One example of gaming device is a joystick. A
joystick is a general control device that consists of a
handheld stick that pivots around one end, to
detect angles in two or three dimensions.

8. 4. Image, Video input devices
There are two common input devices in this type. First is
Image scanner, a device that provides input by analyzing
images, printed text, handwriting, or an object. Below is a
picture of image scanner.

9. Second type is a webcam. Webcams are video capturing
devices connected to computers or computer networks, often
using USB or, if they connect to networks, ethernet or Wi-Fi.
They are well-known for their low manufacturing costs and
flexible applications. Below is a picture of a webcam.

10. 5. Audio input devices
One example of audio input device is a microphone.
Microphone sometimes referred to as a mic or mike, is
an acoustic-to-electric transducer or sensor that
converts sound into an electrical signal. Microphones
are used in many applications such as telephones, tape
recorders, hearing aids, motion picture production, live
and recorded audio engineering, in radio and televisionand recorded audio engineering, in radio and television
broadcasting and in computers for recording voice,
VoIP, and for non-acoustic purposes such as ultrasonic
checking.

11. OUTPUT DEVICE
1. Image, Video Output Devices
First example is a printer. In computing, a printer is a
peripheral which produces a hard copy (permanent
human readable text and/or graphics) of documents
stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media
such as paper or transparencies. Many printers are
primarily used as local peripherals, and are attached by a
such as paper or transparencies. Many printers are
primarily used as local peripherals, and are attached by a
printer cable or, in most newer printers, a USB cable to a
computer which serves as a document source.

12. 2. Audio Output Devices
Speakers. Computer speakers, or multimedia speakers, are
external speakers,
commonly equipped with a low-power internal amplifier.
Headsets. Headphones are a pair of small loudspeakers, or
less commonly a single speaker, with a way of holding themless commonly a single speaker, with a way of holding them
close to a user's ears and a means of connecting them to a
signal source such as an audio amplifier, radio or CD player.

13. 1. The hardware is ….
2. Hardware can be divided into two categories,
mentioned that and explain ….
3. Give the examples of Input Devices and Output
Devices ….
Give the examples of Input Devices and Output
Devices ….
4. The function for video capturing devices connected
to computers or computer networks is ….
5. A device that provides input by analyzing images,
printed text, handwriting, or an object is …..