Fakt Daha Lakh Shalansathi

1
$ŠV Xhm bmI emim§gmR>r
$º$ Xhm bmI emim§gmR>r
{gÜXmW© Ho$iH$a

2
$º$ Xhm bmI emim§gmR>r
{gÜXmW© Ho$iH$a
© gd© h¸$ gwa{jV
g§`moOZ : S>m°. lram_ JrV
àH$meH$
em§{Vbmb _wÏWm
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm (~r.Oo.Eg.)
8 dm _Obm, _wÏWm M|~g© 2, goZmnVr ~mnQ> _mJ©,
nwUo - 411 016
_wÐH$
à^mV qàQ>g©
427 JwbQ>oH$S>r, nwUo - 411 037
_wIn¥ï>
qMVm_Ur hg~Zrg
àW_ Amd¥Îmr
5 _o 2012
qH$_V : ê$. 100/-

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AZwH«$_{UH$mAZwH«$_{UH$mAZwH«$_{UH$mAZwH«$_{UH$mAZwH«$_{UH$m
1. nmíd©^y_r .....................................................9
2. gwédmV...................................................... 11
3. ^y{_H$m R>abr .............................................. 16
4. H$mhrVar Ho$bo nm{hOo ...................................... 22
5. {ejUmMr JwUdÎmm ........................................ 24
6. EÁ`w{¹$n … JwUdÎmoMm Zdm Am`m_ ...................... 27
7. A§_b~OmdUr.............................................. 39
8. ZdmoX` {dÚmb`m§Vrb à`moJ ............................. 46
9. EÁ`w{¹$n Jmoì`mV .......................................... 48
10. EÁ`w{¹$nMr Im{g`V ................................... 52
11. embo` JwUdÎmoMr Zdr H$gmoQ>r .......................... 57
12. YS>m qMVZmMm............................................ 70
13. _yë`m§H$Z H$m`©H«$_ ...................................... 72
14. {ejH$ à{ejUMr JaO ................................ 74
15. _yë`dY©Z ................................................. 79

5
_ZmoJV_ZmoJV_ZmoJV_ZmoJV_ZmoJV
^maVmVrb{ejUjoÌgÜ`mEH$mamoMH$AdñWoVyZàdmgH$aV
Amho. EH$sH$S>o naXoer {dÚmnrR>o ^maVmV `mdrV, H$s Zmhr, `mda
MMm© PS>V AgVmZm gaH$mar {ejU ì`dñWoV _mÌ AOyZhr
åhUmdo Vgo ~Xb KS>VmZm {XgV ZmhrV. AWm©V, EH$mM doir
ì`dñWoMm ^bm _moR>m JmS>m hmH$Uo Am{U OmoS>rZo Ë`mbm
~Xbm§gmR>r V`ma H$aUo, hr dmQ>Vo {VVH$s gmonr Jmoï>hr Zmhr.
{ejU h¸$ H$m`Xm, amï´>r` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m (EZgrE$)
Aer H$mhr H«$m§{VH$mar nmdbo gaH$mar nmVirda CMbÊ`mV
Ambr AmhoV, nU Ë`m§À`m A§_b~OmdUr~m~V _mÌ AOyZhr
CXmgrZVm{XgyZòVo.H$maU,_wimVì`dñWoVrbgd©KQ>H$m§À`m
_mZ{gH$VoV ~Xb Pmë`m{edm` Ë`mMo Ñí` n[aUm_ hmVr
bmJUma ZmhrV, hr dñVwpñWVr Amho.
{ejUmV ImgJr joÌmMm gH$mamË_H$ gh^mJ dmT>mdm, Aer
Anojm AmVm gaH$mar nmVirdê$Zhr ì`º$ hmoV Amho. qH$~hþZm
Cƒ {ejUmVrb nQ>Zm|XUr, Á`mbm J«m°g EZamob_|Q> aoí`mo
(OrB©Ama) Ago åhUVmV, Vmo dmT>dÊ`mV ImgJr joÌmZo
_hÎdmMr^y{_H$m~Omdë`mMrAmH$S>odmarhrà{gÕPmbrAmho.
Ë`m_Üò Zo$Imoar H$aUmè`m ImgJr g§ñWmhr AmhoV, ho dmñVd
Oar _mÝ` Ho$bo, Var g§Yr {Z_m©U Pmë`m, hr dñVwpñWVrhr
Xþb©jyZ MmbUma Zmhr. embo` {ejUm~m~V _mÌ Ahdmbm§Mr
O§Ìr O_dÊ`mIoarO Am{U MMm© H$aÊ`mIoarO ImgJr g§ñWm
qH$dm EZOrAm|H$Sy>Z åhUmdo VodT>o ârd à`ËZ hmoVmZm {XgV
ZmhrV. ~hþVoH$ doim ho Ahdmb qH$dm MMm© Ho$di CUrdm
XmIdVmV, nU gmoë`weZ XoV ZmhrV. {ejU ho ~rQ> åhUyZ
H$ìha H$aVmZm hm AZw^d _r AZoH$Xm KoVbm Amho. CUrdm§Mr
bJoM ~mV_r hmoVo, ho g_OÊ`mBVnV AmVm gd©M g§ñWm,

6
EZOrAmo MbmI Pmë`m AmhoV, nU CUrdm Ho$di gZgZmQ>r
{Z_m©U H$aVmV. Amdí`H$ Vmo ~Xb KS>dÊ`mgmR>r OmoS>rZo H¥$Vr
AmamIS>mhr V`ma H$amdm bmJVmo, `mMr XþX£dmZo $ma H$_r
bmoH$m§Zm OmUrd Amho.
`m gd© nmíd©^y_rda, `m nwñVH$mÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo Ooìhm _r ^maVr`
O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m (~rOoEg) {ejU joÌmVrb H$m_m§Mr AmoiI
H$ê$Z¿`m`bmgwédmVHo$br,Ë`mdoirË`mVrbdoJionUZOaoV
^aUmao hmoVo. EImÚm àíZmda gImob g§emoYZ H$ê$Z Ë`mVrb
ÌwQ>r emoYUo, Ë`m ÌwQ>tda CÎma emoYUo Am{U BVHo$M Zmhr, Va
Ë`m nwT>o OmD$Z ñdV… Ë`m CÎmamMr ì`dñWoV A§_b~OmdUr
H$am`Mr V`mar Xe©dUo hr gÜ`mÀ`m H$mimV AmJirM Jmoï>
åhQ>brnm{hOo.g§nyU©XoenmVirdaH$mhrJwUmË_H$~XbKS>dyZ
AmUm`Mo AgVrb, Mm§Jbo ZmJ[aH$ KS>dm`Mo AgVrb, Va
XoemVrb EHy$U emim§À`m g§»`oÀ`m 95 Q>¸o$ Agboë`m gaH$mar
emim§Mr JwUdÎmm dmT>dUo Amdí`H$ Amho, Aem ^mdZoVyZ
~rOoEgMo g§ñWmnH$-AÜ`j em§Vrbmb _wWm `m§Zr ho H$m_ gwê$
Ho$bo. embo` {ejUmV JwUmË_H$ ~Xb KS>{dÊ`mMm AmVm OUy
Ë`m§Zr dgmM KoVbm Amho Am{U ho gd© H$moUË`mhr Zâ`mMr
Anojm Z R>odVm. H$m_ H$aVmZm CÚmoOH$mMr ì`mdgm{`H$ Ñï>r
Am{U A§_b~OmdUrV Ë`mbm OmoS> _mÌ gm_m{OH$VoMr, Ago ho
Xþ{_©i agm`Z Amho. {ejUmÀ`m {d{dY n¡by§~m~V Ë`m§À`mer
MMm© H$aVmZm Ë`m§Mm hm JwU {deofËdmZo OmUdbm.
~rOoEgZo V`ma Ho$bobm EÁ`w{¹$ngmaIm e¡j{UH$ H$m`©H«$_
Agmo, H$s ~rOoEg EgEEgmaIr _yë`m§H$Z àUmbr,
g§emoYZ{gÕà`ËZhmMgd©H$m_m§Mmbgm{dAgë`mMrOmUrd
ho àH$ën Aä`mgVmZm àH$fm©Zo hmoVo. {deof åhUOo ho gd© àH$ën
gaH$mar ì`dñWoV gw{d{hVnUo éOdUo _wWm `m§Zm Mm§Jbo O_bo

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Amho. gaH$mar A{YH$mè`m§Zrhr OmhranUo `m àH$ënm§Mr àe§gm
Ho$br AgyZ, `m H$m`©H«$_m§Zr Vgo gH$mamË_H$ n[aUm_hr
XmIdbo AmhoV. _yë`dY©Z àH$ën hm Va {ejU ì`dñWoV EH$
Zdo ^mZ OmJdÊ`mMm à`ËZ Amho. _yë`{ejUmMm A§V^m©d
{ejUmVH$amdm,AerAmoaS>JobrH$mhrdf}{d{dYnmVù`m§dê$Z
hmoV Amho. Aem doir _wWm `m§Zr ~rOoEgÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Ë`mMm
Aä`mgH«$_ V`ma H$aUo Am{U Vmo am~dë`mZ§Va hmoUmè`m
n[aUm_m§Mo VQ>ñW ì`º$s Am{U g§ñWm§H$Sy>Z _yë`_mnZ H$aUo
`m Jmoï>r àË`j H¥$Vrda ^a AgUo åhUOo H$m`, `mMm XmIbm
XoUmè`m AmhoV.
~rOoEgMo ho gd© àH$ën Aä`mgVmZm, _yë`dY©ZMm àH$ën
gwê$ Agboë`m dJmª§Zm ^oQ>r XoVmZm EH$ nÌH$ma åhUyZ Ë`mV
nm°{P{Q>ìh ~mV_r Va {XgV hmoVrM, nU Ë`mhr nbrH$S>o OmD$Z
g_mOmMm EH$ KQ>H$ åhUyZ A{^_mZhr dmQ>V hmoVm. Vmo
AemgmR>r, H$s Ahdmbm§Mr O§Ìr O_dÊ`mMm Ioi H$aÊ`mEodOr
àË`j H$m_mda {dídmg Agboë`m g§ñWobm EdT>o H$m_ H$ê$Zhr
à{gÕrMm _moh H$Yr Pmbm Zmhr. ~rOoEgMo H$m_ Jobr 12 df}
gwê$ Amho, nU Ë`mMr $maer _m{hVr g_mOmbm Zmhr. åhUyZM
`m nwñVH$mÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo `m H$m_mMo S>m°Š`w_|Q>oeZ hmoÊ`mbm
_hÎd AmhoM.
ho nwñVH$ {b{hÊ`mgmR>r Á`m§Zr H$m`_ àmoËgmhZ {Xbo, Vo lr.
em§Vrbmb _wWm `m§Mo _r {deof Am^ma _mZVmo. nwñVH$ AmH$mambm
Amë`mZ§Va Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z {_imbobr H$m¡VwH$mMr Wmn {ZpíMVM
AmZ§XXm`r hmoVr. `m{edm` `m nwñVH$mMm ^mJ hmoÊ`mMm AmJ«h
YaUmao S>m°. lram_ JrV, nwñVH$ {b{hÊ`mgmR>r gd© XñVmdoO
doioV CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUmao ZrVr gmoë`weÝgMo S>m°. namJ
_mUH$sH$a, _H$a§X dmJgH$a, VgoM ~rOoEgMo àw$„ nmaI,

8
_§{Oar gwio Am{U Ë`m§Mr Q>r_ `m§Mmhr _r ì`º$se… F$Ur Amho.
`m H$m_mgmR>r {_imbobo _mÂ`m Hw$Qw>§{~`m§Mo ghH$m`©hr _mobmMo
hmoVo, hohr _r AmdOy©Z Z_yX H$aoZ. `m nwñVH$mMm ^mJ hmoVm
Amë`mZo EH$m doJù`m H$m_mMr AmoiI Pmbr, hm _mÂ`mgmR>r
ì`º$s åhUyZ g_¥Õ H$aUmam AZw^d hmoVm. hm AZw^d
dmMH$m§~amo~ahr eoAa hmoB©b, Aer Amem H$aVmo.
- {gÕmW© Ho$iH$a- {gÕmW© Ho$iH$a- {gÕmW© Ho$iH$a- {gÕmW© Ho$iH$a- {gÕmW© Ho$iH$a

9
1. nmíd©^y_r1. nmíd©^y_r1. nmíd©^y_r1. nmíd©^y_r1. nmíd©^y_r
OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ`mAmOÀ`mH$mimV{ejUmMoAm{UË`mVyZhr
{deofV… Cƒ{ejUmMo _yë` gd©M AWmªZr {Za§Va dmT>Vo Amho.
{ejU ho n{dÌ qH$dm amï´> C^maUrMo H$m`© _mZyZ Ë`m dmQ>oda
MmbUmè`m {ejU g§ñWm AmVm Odinmg B{VhmgO_m Pmë`m
AmhoV. {ejU joÌmbm Ago CÚmoJmMo ñdê$n `oV AgVmZm,
_wimVM CÚmoOH$ Agboë`m EImÚmbm ñdV…Mr {ejUg§ñWm
gwê$ H$aÊ`mMm CÚmoJ Z¸$sM _mohmV Q>mH$Umam Amho. ^maVr`
O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo g§ñWmnH$-AÜ`j em§Vrbmb _wWm `m§Zr Ooìhm
{ejU joÌmV CVam`Mo R>adbo, Voìhm Ë`m§Zmhr AgmM g„m
{_imbm hmoVm. _mÌ, EImÚm joÌmV H$m_ H$am`Mo R>adbo, H$s
Ë`mÀ`m ImobmV {eê$Z AmYr Ë`mMm Aä`mg H$aUo, EH$Xm
Ë`m joÌmMm AmdmH$m bjmV Ambm, H$s _JM H$m_mMr {Xem
R>adUo Am{U _w»` åhUOo `m g§nyU© à{H«$`obm gm_m{OH$VoMm
EH$ AmJim Am`m_ OmoSy>Z àñWm{nV ì`dñWoV H$mhr _yb^yV
~Xb H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo AerM H$m_mMr nÕV Agboë`m
lr. _wWm `m§Zm hm g„m ghO nMZr nS>Umam ZìhVm. Ago
åhUVmV, H$s H$mhr ì`º$s¨À`m A§J^yV Om{Udm§Mr ZmiM
gm_m{OH$Voer OmoS>bobr AgVo. em§Vrbmb _wWm ho AgoM EH$

10
Ad{b`m ì`{º$_Îd Amho. Ë`m_wio {ejUmgma»`m joÌmMr
_mH}$Q>À`m ^mfoV MMm© H$aUo Ë`m§Zm O_V Zmhr. EH$Xm H$m
H$m_ H$am`Mo R>adbo, H$s Vo VS>rg ZoÊ`mgmR>r PQ>m`Mo EdT>oM
_wWm§gma»`m H$_©`moJr d¥ÎmrÀ`m _mUgm§Zm R>mD$H$ AgVo. hr
_mUgo à`ËZ H$aV amhVmV Am{U IwÔ _mJ©M Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m
dmQ>oda Mmbm`bm KoD$Z òVmo. _wWm§Mm AZw^dhr H$mhrgm AgmM
Amho.
EImXr {ejUg§ñWm H$mTy>Z Z$m H$_mdUo ghO eŠ` AgVmZm
XoemVrb g§nyU© {ejU ì`dñWoMo _yë`dY©Z H$aÊ`mMm {dS>m `m
_mUgmZo CMbbm Am{U {gpñQ>__Üò Z amhVmhr {gpñQ>_
~XbVm òVo ho Amnë`m g§emoYZ{gÕ à`ËZm§VyZ XmIdyZ {Xbo.
{ejUmZo Ho$di ZmoH$ar H$aUmao H$_©Mmar KS>Uo Ano{jV Zmhr,
Va g§ñH$ma éObobr _mUgohr KS>Uo _hÎdmMo Amho Am{U
Ë`mgmR>r {dÚmÏ`mªMr _Zo KS>Uohr Amdí`H$ Amho, `m {dMmamda
{dídmg Agbobr hr AmYw{ZH$ H$mimVrb Üò`dmXr dmQ>Mmb
Amho. `m H$hmUrV Ogo AS>MUtMo nmfmU AmhoV, VerM
àH$memMr ~oQ>ohr AmhoV Am{U g_ñ`m§Mo nmT>o AmhoV, Ver
AmídñV H$aUmè`m CÎmam§Mr g_rH$aUohr AmhoV. hm Ho$di
Ahdmbm§Mr O§Ìr O_dyZ C{Udm Xe©Z H$aÊ`mMm Ioi Zmhr,
Va hmVr Amboë`m g§emoYZmMr A§_b~OmdUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r
PQ>Ê`mÀ`m YS>mS>rMm gm§Jmdm Amho. ho gd©M Q>ßno amoMH$
Agë`mZo Ë`mbm EH$m S>m°Š`w_|Q>oeZÀ`m _yë`mnbrH$S>o H$WoMrhr
ZmQ>ç_`Vm Amho Am{U åhUyZM hr H$hmUr gm§JUo Am¡{MË`nyU©
Am{U `m dmQ>oda dmQ>Mmb H$ê$ BpÀN>Umè`m§gmR>r àoaUmXm`rhr
Amho.

11
2. gwédmV2. gwédmV2. gwédmV2. gwédmV2. gwédmV
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo Zmd _w»`V… nwZd©gZmer g§~§{YV
H$m_mgmR>r à{gÕ Amho. _mÌ, em§Vrbmb _wWm `m§Mo ñdV…Mo
{ejU Iyn IS>Va n[apñWVrV Pmbobo Agë`mZo {ejU
joÌm~Ôb Am{U Ë`mVyZhr Zmhr ao dJm©Vrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m
{ejUm~Ôb Ë`m§Zm EH$ {deof AmñWm Amho. 1980 À`m XeH$mV
gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohù`m§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ g{H«$`nUo
gm_m{OH$ H$m`m©V CVaë`mZ§Va gmYmaU 1985 À`m gw_mamg
àW_ _wWm `m§Zm {ejU joÌmVhr H$mhr H$m_ Ho$bo nm{hOo, Ago
dmQ>Ê`mg gwédmV Pmbr. AWm©V, H$m` H$am`Mo `mMr Zo_H$s
H$ënZm _mÌ `oV ZìhVr. S>moŠ`mV {dMmaMH«$ Va {$aV hmoVo,
nU Var EH$ àH$mao `m joÌmH$S>o Vo Xþê$ZM nmhV hmoVo. Ë`m§À`mM
eãXm§V gm§Jm`Mo, Va {ejUjoÌmV Vo nyU©nUo Kwgbo ZìhVo.
Aä`mgmo{ZàH$Q>mdo,AerMYmaUmAgë`mZoË`m§Zrgd©MH$m_o
EH$Ì gwê$ H$am`Mr KmB©hr Ho$br Zmhr Am{U EH$sH$S>o {d{dY
gm_m{OH$ H$m_o gwê$ AgVmZm {ejU joÌmMm Aä`mg _mÌ
gwê$ R>odbm. `mM doir _hmamï´>mV EH$ _moR>r XþK©Q>Zm KS>br,

12
Á`mZo em§Vrbmb _wWm Am{U ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm `m XmoKm§§Mm
n[aM` Ad¿`m _hmamï´>mbm H$ê$Z {Xbm.
df© hmoVo 1993. bmVya {OëømVrb {H$„mar òWo Pmboë`m ^yH§$nmZo
AdKm _hmamï´> hmXabm. `m ^yH§$nmZo {H$„marVbo AZoH$ g§gma
CX²>ÜdñV Ho$bo. Aem doir {VWbm _mUyg _moSy>Z nS>Ê`mMr doi
Ambobr AgVmZm ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
em§Vrbmb _wWm `m§Zr nwZd©gZmMm EH$ _moR>m AmYmadS> C^m
Ho$bm. nU ho nwZd©gZ Ho$di Kam§À`m {dQ>m§Mr OwiUr H$aÊ`mnwaVo
ZìhVo, Va CÝ_ibobr _Zo gm§YÊ`mMohr hmoVo. _wWm `m§Zr `m
^yH§$nmV KaXma J_mdboë`m AZoH$ embo` {dÚmÏ`mªZm nwÊ`mV
AmUbo. Ë`m§À`m {ejUmV I§S> nSy> Zò, åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm emioV
KmbUo JaOoMo hmoVo. ^yH§$nmV gd©ñd J_mdbobr 1200 _wbo
e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZmgmR>r nwÊ`mV AmUUo åhUOo Ë`m§Zm
_mZ{gH$ÑîQ>çm gj_ ~ZdÊ`mMr EH$ à{H«$`m hmoVr. AWm©V,
Ë`m§Zm nwÊ`mV AmUë`mda Ë`m§À`mgmR>r emioMr Am{U Ë`mhÿZ
_hÎdmMr åhUOo Ë`m§À`m amhÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$moR>o H$am`Mr,
Agm àíZ hmoVmM. Ë`m doir qnnarVrb AmË_ZJa òWo _wWm
`m§Mr EH$ ñH$s_ gwê$ hmoVr. Ë`m§Zr gai VoWrbM Vi_Oë`mda
emim Am{U daÀ`m âb°Q²>g_Üò dg{VJ¥h gwê$ Ho$bo Am{U `m
{dÚmÏ`mªZm h¸$mMr emim {_imbr. `m emiobm _hmamï´>mMo
VËH$mbrZ _w»`_§Ìr eaX ndma `m§À`m à`ËZm§VyZ Img ~m~
åhUyZ nadmZJr {_imbr. qnnarVM g§V VwH$mam_ZJa_Üò
qnnar-qMMdS> _hmnm{bHo$Mr EH$ B_maV ^mS>çmZo KoD$Z
Caboë`m {dÚmÏ`mªMr gmo` VoWo Ho$br. AWm©V, BVŠ`mZo ^mJUma
ZìhVo. H$maU, AmnÎmrV gmnS>boë`m _wbm§Mo Ho$di ^m¡{VH$
nwZd©gZ H$ê$Z ^mJV Zmhr, Va Ë`m§Mo _mZ{gH$ nwZd©gZhr
H$amdo bmJVo. Ë`mgmR>r EImXm e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZ àH$ën gwê$

13
H$amdm, Ago _wWm `m§Zm dmQ>V hmoVo. Ë`mgmR>r AmUIr 10-20
EH$a OmJoMr _mJUr gaH$maH$S>o H$amdr, Agm {dMma Ë`m§À`m
_ZmV Ambm. _mÌ, gaH$mar à{H«$`m nyU© hmoB©n`ªV ~amM doi
Jobm AgVm. Ë`m doir _wWm `m§Zr dmKmobr òWo Xhm EH$a OmJm
{dH$V KoVbr. Á`m {R>H$mUr ì`dgm` H$aUo ghO eŠ` hmoVo,
VoWo Ë`m§Zr ^yH§$nmVrb `m {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r emim, H$m°boO Am{U
nwZd©gZ H|$Ð ~m§Ym`Mo R>adbo. hm nwZd©gZmMm ^mJ Agë`mZo
emim, H$m°boO Am{U dg{VJ¥hmMr B_maV ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr
OmJ{VH$ ~±Ho$bm _hmamï´> emgZmÀ`m {e$maerZo {ZYrgmR>r
gmH$S>o KmVbo. nwZd©gZmgmR>r Agboë`m Ë`m§À`m H$ënZm§Mo
gmXarH$aU nmhÿZ OmJ{VH$ ~±Ho$Mo à{V{ZYrhr W¸$ Pmbo.
OmJ{VH$ ~±Ho$Zo {Z`_mà_mUo Q>|S>a XoD$Z gXa H$m_ H$ê$Z
KoVbo d V`ma ~m§YH$m_ ~rOoEgbm gwnyX© Ho$bo. `mM B_maVrV
1996 _Üò emim, H$m°boO Am{U EH$ hOma j_VoMo dg{VJ¥h
Cô am{hbo. Ë`m_wio qnnar Am{U dmKmobr Aem XmoÝhr {R>H$mUr
emim Cä`m am{hë`m. dmKmobrÀ`m `mM g§Hw$bmV gÜ`m dmKmobr
EÁ`wHo$eZb[ah°{~{bQ>oeZg|Q>aAWm©VS>ãë`yB©AmagrCôam{hbo
Amho. bmVyaÀ`m gd© _wbm§Zm `m emioV {ejUmgh amhÊ`mMr
gd© gw{dYm ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm (~rOoEg) `m _wWm `m§Zr
Xaå`mZÀ`m H$mimV a{OñQ>a Ho$boë`m g§ñWo_m©$V {_imbr.
H$m°boOhr gwê$ Pmë`mZo nmMdrnmgyZ nXdrn`ªVMm àdmg
dmKmobr òWo eŠ` Pmbm.
{ejUmV H$m_ H$aÊ`mgmR>rMr àoaUm Am{U Ë`m Ñï>rZo
nm`mâUr BWoM IaoVa gwê$ Pmbr. `m {dÚmÏ`mªZm {eH$m`bm
nwÊ`mV AmUUo hrM _wWm `m§À`mgmR>r {ejU joÌmV nyU©nUo
KwgÊ`mMr àoaUm R>abr. Ë`mMo Pmbo Ago, H$s `m {dÚmÏ`mªZm
ZwgVo {eH$m`bm AmUyZ ^mJUma ZìhVo, Va Ë`m§À`m àJVrMm

14
nmR>nwamdm KoUo hr H«$_àmá hmoVo. _wWm `m§À`mgmR>r H$moUVohr
H$m_ ho EImÚm d«VmgmaIo Agë`mZo Ë`m§Zr Zo_ñVnUo Vmo
nmR>nwamdm H$am`bm gwédmV Ho$br. hm nmR>nwamdm gwê$ AgVmZm
gmh{OH$M {ejUmVrb gd© KQ>H$m§er Ë`m§Mm g§~§Y òV hmoVm.
`mV Ogm B_maV, dg{VJ¥h, ^moOZì`dñWm Aem ^m¡{VH$
KQ>H$m§Mm n[aM` hmoV Jobm, VerM {eH$dÊ`mMr nÕV,
{ejH$m§Mm XOm©, {dÚmWu, {ZH$mb, narjm Aem KQ>H$m§erhr
AmoiI hmoV Jobr. ~rOoEgMm Am{U n`m©`mZo _wWm `m§Mm EH$
{deof òWo Z_yX H$am`bm hdm. bmVya_YyZ Ambobr _wbo J«m_rU
^mJmVyZ Ambobr Agbr, Var bdH$aM Ë`m§Zr ehar
dmVmdaUmer OwidyZ KoVbo, `mMo lo` _wWm `m§ZmM OmVo. _wWm
`m§Zr dmKmobrÀ`m emioV ñWm{ZH$ {dÚmÏ`mªZmhr àdoe {Xbm.
CÔoe hm, H$s bmVyaÀ`m _wbm§À`m OmoS>rZo hr ehar _wbo d _wbr
{eH$br, Va Ë`mMm XmoKm§Zmhr $m`Xm hmoB©b. J«m_rU ^mJmVyZ
Ambobr_wboehardmVmdaUmbmgamdVrbAm{UXþgarH$S>oehar
_wbm§Zmhr J«m_rU _wbm§À`m ghdmgmZo hr _wbo H$moUË`m
n[apñWVrV amhVmV, {eH$VmV, `mMr OmUrd hmoB©b. _wWm `m§Mo
XmoÝhr CÔoe g$b Pmbo. Aem àH$mao hr _wbo {eH$V nwT>o Mmbbr
hmoVr. Or _wbo _mJo nS>m`Mr, Ë`m§Zm EŠñQ´>m H$moqMJ ŠbmgogÀ`m
_mÜ`_mVyZ H$ÀÀ`m {df`m§Mo {ejU {Xbo OmV hmoVo. Ë`mgmR>r
nwÊ`mVrb AZoH$m§Mo ghH$m`© _wWm `m§Zm {_imbo.
`m {R>H$mUr OmVm-OmVm AmUIr EH$ C„oI H$am`bm hdm, Vmo
åhUOo _oiKmQ>mVrb Am{Xdmgr {dÚmÏ`mªZm dmKmobrV
AmUÊ`mMm. {dX^m©Vrb _oiKmQ>m_Üò Am{Xdmgr Hw$nmo{fV
_wbm§Mr g_ñ`m CJ« Amho, `mMr _m{hVr ~rOoEg_YrbM _wWm
`m§À`m H$mhr ghH$mè`m§Zr EH$Xm Ë`m§À`m H$mZmda KmVbr hmoVr.
~rOoEgZo `mgmR>r H$mhr Ho$bo nm{hOo, Ago `m MM}A§Vr R>abo.

15
H$mhrVar åhUOo H$m` H$am`Mo, `m àíZmda _wWm `m§ZrM CÎma
emoYbo. dmKmobr òWo e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZ àH$ënmV AZm`go
bmVyaÀ`m ^yH§$nm_wio ~m{YV Pmbobr Am{U ehar Aer XmoÝhr
àH$maMr _wbo EH${ÌV {eH$V hmoVr. Ë`m_Üò hm _oiKmQ>_Yrb
Am{Xdmgr {dÚmÏ`mªMm Am`m_ OmoS>mdm, Aer H$ënZm _wWm `m§Zr
_m§S>br. ~rOoEgMo H$m`©H$V} H$m_mbm bmJbo. e§âhÿZ A{YH$
Jmdm§Mm Ë`m§Zr Xm¡am Ho$bm. nmbH$m§er MMm© Ho$br. _wbm§Zm nwÊ`mV
{eH$Ê`mgmR>r ZoÊ`mMo _hÎd nQ>dyZ {Xbo. _oiKmQ>mV H$m_
H$aUmè`mñd`§godrg§ñWm§MohrghH$m`©KoVbo.AemàH$maoânya
IQ>nQ>r Ho$ë`mZ§Va 1997 _Üò _oiKmQ>mVrb 350 _wbo XÎmH$
KoV _wWm `m§Zr dmKmobrÀ`m emioV AmUbr.
hr _wbo emioV AmUbr Iar, nU Ë`m§Zm {eH$dUo {VVHo$ gmono
ZìhVo. AZoH$m§Zm H$moaHy$ ^mfm gmoSy>Z Xþgar ^mfm òV ZìhVr.
_amR>r ^mfoV EH$ n[aÀN>oX {b{hUohr AdKS> hmoVo. _wWm
`m§À`mgmR>r ho Zdo AmìhmZ hmoVo. Ë`mda _mV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr
H$moaHy$ ^mfm òUmam {ejH$ Zo_Ê`mnmgyZ ânya à`ËZ Ho$bo.
Zddr-XhmdrÀ`m {dÚmÏ`mªZm Vo $ma gwYmê$ eH$bo ZmhrV, Var
nmMdrV àdoe KoVboë`m {dÚmÏ`mªZm EŠñQ´>m H$moqMJ Am{U AÝ`
_mÜ`_m§VyZ ~è`mn¡H$s gwYmaÊ`mV Ë`m§Zm è Ambo. AWm©V,
Ë`mgmR>r ~amM H$mbmdYr Omdm bmJbm.

16
3. ^y{_H$m R>abr3. ^y{_H$m R>abr3. ^y{_H$m R>abr3. ^y{_H$m R>abr3. ^y{_H$m R>abr
bmVyaMr _wbo, _oiKmQ>mVrb Am{Xdmgr _wbm§Mo {ejU Aem
{d{dY AZw^dm§VyZ _wWm `m§Mm {ejUì`dñWoer OdiyZ n[aM`
hmoV hmoVm. _mÌ, {ejU joÌmV nyU©nUo CVam`Mo R>abobo ZìhVo.
_wWm `m§Zr gm_m{OH$ H$m`m©V CS>r KoVë`mZ§Va ñdV…À`m
ì`dgm`mVyZ hiyhiy A§J H$mTy>Z KoVbo. n{hë`m Q>ßß`mV 50
Q>¸o$, Z§Va 90 Q>¸o$ Am{U 2000 À`m gw_mamg Ë`m§Zr
ì`dgm`mVyZ nyU©nUo ~mOybm OmD$Z gm_m{OH$ H$m_mdaM bj
H|$[ÐV H$am`Mo R>adbo. gZ 2002 _Ü`o _wWm `m§Zr Amnë`mM
gd©H$m_mMmEH$AmT>mdmKoÊ`mggwédmVHo$br.Ë`m_Ü`oË`m§Zm
OmUdboë`m H$mhr Jmoï>r BWo Z_yX H$aUo _hÎdmMo Amho. H$maU,
VrM {ejU joÌmV nyU©nUo PmoHy$Z XoD$Z CVaÊ`mMr _moR>r àoaUm
hmoVr. Am`wî`mV EImÚm Q>ßß`mda Ago AmË_narjU H$aUo $ma
_hÎdmMo AgVo.
_wWm `m§Zm OmUdV hmoVo, H$s ~rOoEgZo gm_m{OH$ H$m_m§À`m
{Z{_ÎmmZo1985Vo2002`m17dfmªÀ`mH$mbmdYrVgm_wXm{`H$
{ddmh, AmnÎmr ì`dñWmnZ Am{U e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZ àH$ën

17
Ago VrZ Q>ßno nm{hbo hmoVo. {VÝhr joÌm§V H$m_ Ho$bobo Agbo,
Ë`mbm è Ambo Agbo, Var AmVm EH$m joÌmda nyU©nUo bj
H|$[ÐV H$aUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo. gZ 2002 _Üò Ë`m§Mo d` hmoVo
48 df}. ì`dgm`mVyZ nyU© doi ~mhoa nSy>Z $º$ gm_m{OH$
H$m_mda bj H|$[ÐV H$am`Mo, ho Va Ë`m§Zr R>adboM hmoVo. Aem
doir _wWm `m§Zr {dMma Ho$bm, H$s AmVmM Oa EImXm {df`
R>adyZ KoVbm, Va nwT>rb 15-20 dfo© Ë`m_Üò PmoHy$Z XoD$Z
Am{U Aä`mgnyU© H$m_ H$aVm òB©b. Agm {dMma H$aVmZm,
Ë`m§À`mbjmVAmbo,H$sg§nyU©XoemÀ`m{dH$mgmMm{dMmaHo$bm,
Va {ejU hr {dH$mgmgmR>r AJXr _yb^yV Jmoï> Amho. bmoH$m§Zm
gw{e{jV Am{U gwg§ñH¥$V H$aUo hr O~m~Xmar $ma _moR>r Amho.
Ë`m_wio XoemÀ`m {dH$mgmV H$mhr ârd `moJXmZ Úm`Mo Agob,
Va {ejUmV H$m_ Ho$bo nm{hOo. hm {dMma H$ê$Z _wWm `m§Zr
{ejU joÌmV nS>m`Mo R>adbo.
{ZU©` n¸$m Pmë`mda Ë`m joÌmMm AmUIr OdiyZ Aä`mg
gwê$ Pmbm. g_OyZ KoÊ`mÀ`m `m g§nyU© à{H«$òV Ë`m§À`m EH$
Jmoï> bjmV Ambr, H$s gJir {ejU ì`dñWm Va OmJoda
Amho, nU n[aUm_H$maH$VoMm {dMma Ho$bm, Va Z¸$s H$mhrVar
JS>~S> Amho. Am{U H$mhrVar JS>~S> Amho, ho Ogo bjmV Ambo,
Vgm Ë`m§Mm `m joÌmMm AmUIr gImob Aä`mg gwê$ Pmbm.
{eH$dÊ`mMm XOm© gwYmaë`m{edm` JË`§Va Zmhr, ho OmUdy
bmJbo Am{U Ë`mgmR>r Ho$di {ejH$M Zmhr, Va nyU©
ì`dñWobmM EH$ Am¡fYmMm S>mog XoÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho,
`mMr ImÌr nQ>br.
EImÚm joÌmV H$m_ H$am`Mo, Va bJoM Xþgè`m {XdernmgyZ
gwê$ Ho$bo, Ago hmoV ZgVo. Ë`mgmR>r àñWm{nV ì`dñWoMm g§nyU©
Aä`mg H$amdm bmJVmo. Ë`mVrb {Za{Zamio KQ>H$, Ë`m§À`mer

18
g§~§{YVH$m_o,Ë`mì`dñWoVrb_mUgoAemAZoH$Jmoï>rVnmgyZ
~Kmì`m bmJVmV. _wWm Zo_Ho$ VoM H$aV hmoVo. hm gd© Aä`mg
gwê$ AgVmZm, ì`dñWoVrb ÌwQ>r nmhÿZ AmnU `m~m~V IaoM
H$mhr H$ê$ eH$Vmo H$m, Agm àíZhr Ë`m§Zm AZoH$Xm nS>bm, nU
Ë`m_wio Aä`mgM Wm§~bm, Ago _mÌ Pmbo Zmhr.
AJXr T>mo~i _mZmZo gm§Jm`Mo, Va 1993 Vo 2000 `m gmV
dfmªV Aä`mgmì`{V[aº$ ârd åhUmdo, Ago H$mhrM {deof KS>bo
Zmhr. AWm©V, Ë`mMr H$maUohr VerM hmoVr. CÚmoOH$mMr Ñï>r
Agë`mZo EImXr g§ñWm C^maUo Ë`m§Zm eŠ` ZìhVo Ago Zmhr.
{edm` ñdV…Mr g§ñWm Agë`mZo Ë`m§Zm hdo Vo à`moJ am~dUohr
eŠ` hmoVo. nU _wWm `m§Zm hm _mJ© ZH$mo hmoVm. Vmo H$m ZH$mo
hmoVm, Ë`m_mJMr Zo_H$r ^y{_H$m H$m` hmoVr, ho g_OyZ
KoÊ`mgmR>r IaoVa EH$m àg§JmMo H$WZM nwaogo Amho.
Ë`mMo Pmbo Ago, H$s {ejUmV H$mhrVar Mm§Jbo KS>mdo, Aer
BÀN>m Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m {_ÌdJm©V ~mobyZ XmIdë`mda Ë`m§Zm
EH$ E_~rE ñHy$b gwê$ H$aÊ`mMr gyMZm {_imbr. Ë`m doir,
åhUOo gw_mao Xhm-~mam dfmªnydu E_~rEbm hiyhiy EH$ db`
àmá hmoV hmoVo. OmJ{VH$sH$aUmMr $io MmIy BpÀN>Umè`m
H$moUmhr _Ü`_dJu` {dÚmÏ`m©bm E_~rE åhUOo H$[aAa_Yrb
èmMm Am{U n`m©`mZo ânya n¡go H$_dÊ`mMm àeñV _mJ©
dmQ>V hmoVm. gmh{OH$M `m dJm©Mr E_~rE H$aÊ`mgmR>r IM©
H$am`Mrhr V`mar hmoVr. qH$~hþZm Ë`m§À`mgmR>r Vr EH$àH$maMr
Jw§VdUyH$ hmoVr. Aem doir CÎm_ °$H$ëQ>r Zo_yZ, EImXo MH$mMH$
E_~rEH$m°boOgwê$H$aUoZ¸$sM$m`ÚmMohmoVo.{edm`ñdV…Mo
H$m°boO Agob, Va à`moJ H$am`bmhr dmd {_iUma hmoVm.
WmoS>Š`mV, EH$ {~PZog àonmo{PeZ åhUyZ hm n`m©` $maM
AmH$f©H$ hmoVm. nU KmoS>o AS>bo Vo BWoM, H$maU _wWm `m§Zm `m

19
gJù`mMr MMm© _mH}$Q>À`m ^mfoV H$YrM H$am`MrM ZìhVr.
“_bm `m H$m°boOMr CÎm_ XoI^mb H$am`Mr, åhUOo n¡gm IM©
H$aUo Ambo Am{U gmh{OH$M Ë`mgmR>r {dÚmÏ`mªH$Sy>Z _moR>r $s
AmH$maUo Ambo. åhUOo _mÂ`m H$m°boO_Üò òUma H$moU, Va
lr_§V KamVrb _wbo. {edm` _bm Oo H$mhr doJio H$am`Mo Amho,
Ë`mMm $m`Xm {H$Vr OUm§Zm hmoUma, Va EH$ Vo XrS> hOma
{dÚmÏ`mªZm. _J {H$Vrhr dëS>© Šbmg H$m°boO H$mT>bo, Var _bm
Ano{jV Agbobo ~Xb KS>Uma ZmhrVM. g_mOmVrb eodQ>À`m
KQ>H$mn`ªV Oa gwYmaUm nmoMUmaM Zgob, Va Agm à`ËZ
H$aÊ`mMm $m`Xm H$m`,’ Agm àíZ _wWm `m§Zm nS>bm Am{U
E_~rE H$m°boO gwê$ H$aÊ`mMm {dMma _mJo nS>bm.
`mZ§Va IaoVa ~rOoEgMm _moMm© embo` {ejUmH$S>o dibm.
ì`dñWoMm nyU© A§XmO KoVë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr EÁ`w{¹$n ZmdmÀ`m
e¡j{UH$ H$m`©H«$_mMr AmIUrhr H$am`bm gwédmV Ho$br. nU
E_~rE H$m°boOÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo gwê$ Agbobo {dMmaMH«$ AY©dQ>
Q>ßß`mda Wm§~bo ZìhVo. Ë`mbm VH©$ewÕ dmQ>oda ZoB©n`ªV _wWm
Am{U ~rOoEgbm ñdñW ~gUo eŠ` ZìhVo. Voìhm `m Q>ßß`mda
VrZ dfmªMr EH$ CS>r KoD$Z Cƒ{ejUmMm {dMma AIoa H$moR>o
nmoMbm ho AmYr OmUyZ KoUo Am¡{MË`mMo R>aob.
E_~rE H$m°boOMm {dMma _mJo nS>bm, Var Ë`m {Z{_ÎmmZo
Cƒ{ejU joÌmMm Aä`mg H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr _mÌ _wWm `m§Zr
gmoS>br ZìhVr. dmKmobrVrb emioÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo _hmamï´>mVrb
embo`{ejUì`dñWoMogdªH$fAmH$bZË`m§ZmPmbohmoVoAm{U
AmVm E_~rE H$m°boOÀ`m gyMZoÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo nXdr Am{U
nXì`wÎma {ejUmMm AmdmH$m Ë`m§À`m bjmV òV hmoVm.
hm AmdmH$m AmUIr Mm§Jë`m àH$mao bjmV òÊ`mgmR>r EH$m
MmbyZ Amboë`m g§YrMm $m`Xm ¿`m`Mm, Ago Ë`m§Zr R>adbo.

20
gZ 2003-04 _Üò Ë`m§Zm Zmâgm `m H$m°Ý$aÝg~Ôb _m{hVr
g_Obr. OmJ{VH$ nmVirda hmoUmè`m `m H$m°Ý$aÝg_Üò
{d{dY Xoem§Mo e¡j{UH$ ñQ>m°b AgVmV Am{U `m ñQ>m°ëgÀ`m
_mÜ`_mVyZ H$m°Ý$aÝgbm ôQ> XoUmè`m à{V{ZYt§Zm Ë`m-Ë`m
XoemVrb Cƒ{ejU joÌmMm AmdmH$m bjmV òVmo. AZoH$ df}
âUmè`m `m H$m°Ý$aÝg_Üò XþX£dmZo ^maVmMo $mago
à{V{Z{YËd ZìhVo. _wWm `m§Zr `m H$m°Ý$aÝg_Üò o$S>aoeZ
Am°$ O¡Z EÁ`wHo$eZb BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ²>gÀ`m dVrZo ñQ>m°b
bmdÊ`mgmR>r V`mar Ho$br Am{U Zoh_rÀ`m {eñVrà_mUo Ë`m§Zr
hm ñQ>m°b `mo½àrË`m `m H$m°Ý$aÝg_Üò àX{e©V Ho$bm. ^maVmV
CnbãY nXdr Aä`mgH«$_, {dÚmWu, {ejH$ `m gd© KQ>H$m§Mr
gm§p»`H$s _m{hVr `m ñQ>m°bÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ àX{e©V H$aÊ`mV
Ambr.
`m H$m°Ý$aÝg_Üò Ambobm AZw^d _mÌ MH«$mdyZ Q>mH$Umam
hmoVm. EH$m ~mOybm H$monè`mV ^maVmMo à{V{Z{YËd H$aUmam
_wWm `m§Mm ñQ>m°b AgVmZm MrZZo _mÌ EH$ Am»Im H$m°[aS>m°a
Ama{jV Ho$bm hmoVm. _wWm `m§Zm hr Jmoï> IQ>H$br. EH$sH$S>o
AmnU {ejUmbm OmJ{VH$ nmVirda Ý`m`Mr Jmoï> H$aVmo
Am{U XþgarH$S>o Iè`m AWm©Zo H$ZoŠQ> hmoÊ`mgmR>rÀ`m BVŠ`m
_moR>çm g§YrH$S>o ~KVhr Zmhr, ho Ë`m§À`mgmR>r AO~ hmoVo. VoWyZ
naV Amë`mda Ë`m§Zr VmVS>rZo _hmamï´>mMo VËH$mbrZ Cƒ{ejU
_§Ìr gwaoeXmXm O¡Z `m§À`m H$mZmda hr Jmoï> KmVbr. O¡Z `m§Zr
bJoMM nmdbo CMbV EH$ ~¡R>H$ ~mobmdbr. `m ~¡R>H$sbm amÁ`
{dÚmnrR>m§Mo gd© Hw$bJwê$, H$mhr ~S>o ImgJr g§ñWmMmbH$ hOa
am{hbo. `m gdmªg_moa _wWm `m§Zr Zmâgm H$m°Ý$aÝg_Yrb
AZw^dmMo gmXarH$aU Ho$bo. {VWo OmUo H$m _hÎdmMo Amho,
`mMohr {díbofU Ë`m§Zr Ho$bo. n[aUm_ Agm Pmbm, H$s nwT>À`m

21
dfu {H$_mZ _hmamï´>mVyZ H$mhr à{V{ZYr `m H$m°Ý$aÝggmR>r
Jobo Am{U Ë`m§Zr VoWo amÁ`mMo à{V{Z{YËdhr Ho$bo.
AWm©V, H$m°Ý$aÝgMm AZw^d Ho$di Aä`mgmgmR>r Am{U
AmdmH$mbjmV`oÊ`mgmR>r¿`m`MmAgoAmYrMR>aboAgë`mZo
`m Q>ßß`mda nwÝhm embo` {ejUmH$S>o bj H|$[ÐV H$am`Mo, Ago
_wWm `m§Zr R>adbo. _mÌ, AmVm doi hmoVr àË`j H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr.
_KmeråhQ>ë`mà_mUoE_~rEH$m°boOMrH$ënZm_mJonS>ë`mda
gZ 2002 _Ü`o embo` {ejUmH$S>o dim`Mo R>abo. `mhr doir
nwÝhm nydugmaImM g„m nwT>o Ambm, Vmo åhUOo emim gwê$
H$aÊ`mMm. Or ^y{_H$m E_~rE H$m°boO Z H$mT>Ê`m_mJMr hmoVr,
VmoM VH©$ emioÀ`m ~m~VrVhr V§VmoV§V bmJy nS>Umam hmoVm. emim
gwê$ H$am`Mr, Va Zo_H$s H$moUmgmR>r, hm àíZ hmoVmM. nwÝhm
VoM MH«$. AmXe© emiogmR>r CÎm_ B_maV, {ejH$ hdoV Am{U
n`m©`mZo Ë`mgmR>r $shr OmñV R>odmdr bmJUma Am{U eodQ>Mm
KQ>H$ nwÝhm d§{MVM amhUma. Ë`m_wio emioMm {dMma AJXr
gmh{OH$nUo _mJo nS>bm.

22
4. H$mhrVar Ho$bo nm{hOo4. H$mhrVar Ho$bo nm{hOo4. H$mhrVar Ho$bo nm{hOo4. H$mhrVar Ho$bo nm{hOo4. H$mhrVar Ho$bo nm{hOo
AmVm H$mhrVar Va H$am`Mo Amho, nU Z¸$s H$m` hm àíZ A{YH$
àH$fm©Zo g_moa Ambm hmoVm. ì`dñWoMo nwaogo AmH$bZ Va Pmbo
hmoVo, nU Zo_H$m ~Xb H$moRy>Z gwê$ H$am`Mm, `mMm H$mhr {ZU©`
hmoV ZìhVm. Aem doir Pmboë`m Aä`mgmMr nwÝhm EH$Xm
COiUr H$aUo {hVmMo R>aVo. _wWm `m§Zr Zo_Ho$ hoM Ho$bo. embo`
ì`dñWoÀ`m Aä`mgm_Üò _wWm `m§Zm H$mhr _hÎdmÀ`m ~m~r
bjmV Amë`m hmoË`m. Xoem_Üò AmOKS>rbm 95 Q>¸o$ emim `m
gaH$mar qH$dm gaH$mar AZwXm{ZV AmhoV, Va Ho$di 5 Q>¸o$
emim `m ImgJr AmhoV. ImgJr emim§Mo ì`dñWmnZ ~KÊ`mg
Ë`m§Mo g§ñWmMmbH$ g_W© Agë`mZo Am{U EHy$UM VwbZoV
{dÚmÏ`mªMrg§»`m$maMH$_rAgë`mZo~XbmMm_w»`$moH$g
hm Caboë`m 95 Q>ŠHo$ emim§da hdm, ho _wimV _wWm `m§Zr R>adyZ
KoVbo. `m gd© Aä`mgm_Üò _wWm `m§À`m Agohr bjmV Ambo,
H$s AJXr IoS>çmnmS>çmVhr Xa XmoZ {H$bmo_rQ>ada emim CnbãY

23
Amho, nU {dÚmÏ`mªMr g§»`m 10 Vo 20 nojm OmñV Zmhr. {Oëhm
n[afXoÀ`m VmbwH$m ñVamdarb emim§_Ü`o hrM g§»`m 30 À`m
KamV Amho. Aem doir Ë`m§À`m JwUdÎmoV gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mgmR>r
H$moUrhr ImgJr g§ñWm nwT>mH$ma KoV Zmhr. Aem doir AmnU
Oa VoWo nmoMy eH$bmo, Va `m Zmhr ao dJm©bm _moR>m $m`Xm hmoD$
eHo$b. `m emim§_Ü`o JwUmË_H$ gwYmaUm H$aUo hm _w»` CÔoe
hmoVm, nU AmVm Ë`mMr gwédmV H$moRy>Z H$am`Mr, `mMo CÎma
emoYUo JaOoMo hmoVo.

24
5. {ejUmMr JwUdÎmm5. {ejUmMr JwUdÎmm5. {ejUmMr JwUdÎmm5. {ejUmMr JwUdÎmm5. {ejUmMr JwUdÎmm
{ejUmÀ`m JwUdÎmoMr MMm© H$aVmZm {ejH$, {dÚmWu Am{U
ì`dñWm ho VrZ _hÎdmMo KQ>H$ Aä`mgbo OmVmV. àmW{_H$
emioVrb {ejH$ ìhm`Mo Agob, Va Xhmdr qH$dm ~mamdrZ§Va
S>rES>Mm H$mog© H$ê$Z {ejH$ hmoVm `oVo. WmoS>Š`mV, àmW{_H$
{ejH$ hmoÊ`mMm _mJ© VwbZoZo gmonm Amho. gmh{OH$M {deofV…
J«m_rU ^mJmVrb VéUm§Mm AmoT>m S>rES> H$aÊ`mH$S>o A{YH$
Amho. _mÌ, JaO {H$Vr Amho, `mMm {dMma Z H$aVmM S>rES>
H$m°boOog C^r am{hbr Agë`mZo _hmamï´>mV àmW{_H$
{ejH$m§À`m JaOonojm AmR>nQ> OmXm S>rES> H$m°boOog AmhoV, ho
dmñVd T>iT>irVnUo _wWm `m§À`m g_moa Ambo hmoVo. Ë`mVyZ
S>rES>bm àdoe KoUmao AZoH$ VéU _ZmnmgyZ AmdS> Amho åhUyZ
Zmhr,VaHo$diAm{W©H$JaOonmoQ>r{ejH$snoemñdrH$maÊ`mgmR>r
àdoe KoVmV. Ë`m_wio {ejH$ åhUyZ Amdí`H$ Agbobr EH$
D$_u, {dÚmÏ`mªàVr Vi_i Ë`m§À`mV Agmdr, hr Anojmhr H$aVm
`oV Zmhr. Ë`mM~amo~a {ejH$m§gmR>r H$m_mbm gwédmV H$aVmZm
qH$dmH$m_gwê$Ho$ë`mdahrH$mhr{deofà{ejUH$m`©H«$_Zmhr,
Á`m`moJo {ejH$mbm {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m H$bmH$bmZo {eH$dÊ`mMo

25
AmH$bZ hmoB©b.
gaH$mar ì`dñWoMr AZmñWm åhUyZ `mo½` à{ejU Zmhr Am{U
à{e{jV {ejH$ ZmhrV, åhUyZ {dÚmÏ`mªMr JwUdÎmm gwYmaV
Zmhr Aem MH«$mV nyU© {ejU ì`dñWm AS>H$ë`mMo {MÌ _wWm
`m§Zm {XgV hmoVo Am{U `m_Üò A§{V_V… {ejUmMm XOm©
gwYmaUma H$gm, hm àíZ {ZéÎm[aVM hmoVm. `m_Üò ~Xb
H$am`Mm, Va gdªH$f Cnm` emoYm`bm hdm, `mMr OmUrd _wWm
`m§Zm hmoVr.
embo` {ejUmV H$m_ H$am`Mo, Agm $moH$g Ooìhm R>abm, Voìhm
Ë`mgmR>r ~rOoEg_Üò ì`mdgm{`H$ ñVamda EH$ Q>r_hr _wWm
`m§Zr C^r Ho$br hmoVr. Ë`m_Üò VÁk ì`º$s¨Mm g_mdoe hmoVm.
embo` {ejUmMr JwUdÎmm dmT>dm`Mr H$er `mda Ib gwê$
AgVmZm `m Q>r_Zohr g§emoYZmMo _ybJm_r H$m_ Ho$bo hmoVo. Ë`m
g§emoYZmV EH$ Jmoï> bjmV Ambr hmoVr, Vr åhUOo ^maVmV
Z°eZb A°gog_|Q> A±S> A°H«o${S>Q>oeZ H$m¡pÝgb AWm©V Z°H$À`m
_mÜ`_mVyZ H$m°boO Am{U {dÚmnrR>m§Mo _yë`m§H$Z Ho$bo OmV hmoVo,
Á`mÀ`m AmYmao `m Cƒ{ejU g§ñWm§Mr JwUdÎmm R>adbr OmV
hmoVr. _mÌ, embo` ñVamda Ago _yë`m§H$Z H$aUmar H$moUVrhr
g§ñWm ApñVËdmV ZìhVr. n[aUm_r, emioMm XOm© R>adÊ`mMo
R>mog {ZH$fM ApñVËdmV ZìhVo. EH$Xm hr Jmoï> bjmV
Amë`mda emioÀ`m JwUdÎmoMo gdªH$f {ZH$f V`ma H$aÊ`mMr,
Á`m`moJo emim§Mo _yë`m§H$Z hmoD$ eHo$b, Aer àUmbr V`ma
H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ _wWm `m§Zr Ë`m§À`m VÁk Q>r_bm hmVr ¿`m`bm
gm§{JVbo. `m Q>r_Mr aMZmhr _moR>r H$ënH$ nÕVrZo H$aÊ`mV
Ambr hmoVr. EpŠPŠ`w{Q>ìh S>màoŠQ>a, S>màoŠQ>a, _°ZoOa,
A{gñQ>§Q> _°ZoOa, àmoOoŠQ> brS>a, àmoOoŠQ> H$mo-Am°{S>©ZoQ>a Aer
nXì`dñWm `m_Üò hmoVr. `m gd© Q>r_Mo doimodoir ~«oZ ñQ>m°{_ªJ
hmoV hmoVo. Ë`mgmR>r _wWm Ë`mV ñdV… gh^mJr hmoV hmoVo. `m gd©
Q>r_bm EÁ`w{¹$n V`ma H$aÊ`m_mJMr ^y{_H$m Vo doimodoir

26
gm§JV hmoVo. hr àUmbr gaH$mar ì`dñWoV EH$ê$n hmoUmar hdr,
Ë`m_wio Ë`mà_mUo Ë`mMr aMZm hdr, `mMrhr OmUrd Q>r_bm
H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV Ambr. AZoH$ ~¡R>H$m, Ë`mdarb MMm© Am{U
g§emoYZm§Vr {ejU ì`dñWoMo ~hþnoS>r àíZ g_OyZ KoV `m Q>r_Zo
EH$ AZmoIr àUmbr {dH${gV Ho$br, Á`mMo Zmd hmoVo
EÁ`wHo$eZb ¹$m{bQ>r Båàyìh_|Q> àmoJ«°_ AWm©V EÁ`w{¹$n. {ejU
ì`dñWobm JwUmË_H$ XOm© gwYmaÊ`mgmR>r gwg‚m H$aUo Ago
WmoS>Š`mV Ë`mMo ñdê$n.

27
6. EÁ`w{¹$n … JwUdÎmoMm Zdm Am`m_6. EÁ`w{¹$n … JwUdÎmoMm Zdm Am`m_6. EÁ`w{¹$n … JwUdÎmoMm Zdm Am`m_6. EÁ`w{¹$n … JwUdÎmoMm Zdm Am`m_6. EÁ`w{¹$n … JwUdÎmoMm Zdm Am`m_
H$moUË`mhr ñd`§godr g§ñWoZo V`ma Ho$bobr EImXr àUmbr
gaH$mar ì`dñWoV bmJy H$aUo hr dmQ>Vo, {VVH$s gmonr Jmoï>
Zmhr.hràUmbrgaH$marì`dñWobmË`mVrb{ejH$-{dÚmÏ`mªMo
gm_m{OH$-Am{W©H$nmíd©^y_rMogd©Am`m_bjmVKoD$ZhrnyaH$
H$er R>aob, ho nQ>dUo Amdí`H$ AgVo Am{U AWm©V Ë`mgmR>r
Ë`m àUmbr_Yrb Ame` A{Ve` XO}Xma Agmdm bmJVmo.
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo ~Zdbobr EÁ`w{¹$n àUmbr ho gaH$mar
ì`dñWoMogd©Am`m_bjmVKoD$Z~ZdboboAgoMEH$A{Ve`
Cn`wº$ Am{U nyaH$ S>m°Š`w_|Q> hmoVo. `m {R>H$mUr H$moUmbmhr àíZ
nS>ob, H$s gaH$mar ì`dñWoV AZoH$ KQ>H$ AgVmZm EÁ`w{¹$n
àUmbr Ë`m ì`dñWoVrb {damoYm^mg ~Zbr ZgVr H$m? àíZ
ñdm^m{dH$ Agë`mZo _wWm `m§Zrhr `mMm {dMma Ho$bm hmoVm.
Ë`mdarb Ë`m§Mo {dMma A{Ve` VH©$ewÕ AmhoV.
gaH$mar ì`dñWoMm Aä`mg H$aVmZm Ogo Ë`m§Zr emim§Mo
ì`dñWmnZ, {ejH$, {dÚmWu `m KQ>H$m§Mm Aä`mg Ho$bm, VgoM

28
amOH$s` Am{U ZmoH$aemhrÀ`m ñVamda AgUmè`m _`m©Xmhr
Ë`m§Zr OmUë`m hmoË`m. Vo åhUVmV, {ejU_§Ìr `m KQ>H$mMm
{dMma Ho$bm, Va Amnë`m bjmV òB©b, H$s Ë`mbm H$mhr
YmoaUmË_H$ {ZU©` KoÊ`mgmR>r nwaogm doiM {_iV Zmhr. _wimV
embo` {ejU ImË`mMo _§[ÌnX {H$Vr H$mimgmR>r {_iob, `mMr
emídVr XoVm òV Zmhr. Ë`mV gÚì`dñWm g_OyZ KoVë`m{edm`
H$moUVmhr {ZU©` KoUo _hmH$R>rU H$m_ Amho.
{ejU_§Ìr hm _wimV Am_Xmahr Agë`mZo Ë`mbm Ë`mÀ`m
_VXmag§Kmbmhr doi Úmdm bmJVmo. Vmo EImÚm {OëømMm
nmbH$_§Ìrhr Agë`mZo VoWohr bj Úmdo bmJVo. _§Ìr åhUyZ
H$m_H$aVmZmhr{ejH$,{ejHo$VaH$_©MmarAmXt§À`mg§KQ>Zm§Mo
àíZ gmoS>dUo, Zì`m g§ñWm§Mr {e$mag VnmgUo Aem AZoH$
H$m_m§_Üò Ë`m§Mm doi OmVmo. Ë`m_wio XÿaJm_r n[aUm_ H$aUmao
{ZU©` KoÊ`mgmR>r H$amdm bmJUmam YmoaUmË_H$ {dMma
H$aÊ`mgmR>r $ma H$_r doi `m _§Í`mbm {_iVmo. VrM n[apñWVr
àYmZ g{Md åhUyZ H$m_ H$aUmè`m A{YH$mè`mMr AgVo.
Ë`mMr Xa XmoZ dfmªZr ~Xbr hmoV Agob, Va Ë`mbmhr ì`dñWm
g_OyZ KoD$Z {ZU©` KoUo AdKS> OmVo. Aem n[apñWVrVhr
EImXm {ZU©` KoVbm, Va Ë`mMo {dYo`H$ {H$Vr H$mi nSy>Z
amhrb, `mMrhr emídVr XoVm òV Zmhr. Ë`mMà_mUo EImXr
àUmbr V`ma Ho$br, Va Ë`mV gmVË`mZo g§emoYZ Am{U Ë`mÀ`m
A§_b~OmdUrda XoIaoI H$amdr bmJVo. Oa XmoZ-nmM dfmªZr
_§Ìr Am{U A{YH$mar ~XbV AgVrb, Va AmYrÀ`m bmoH$m§Zr
Ho$bobo H$m_ g_OyZ KoD$Z _J Ë`mda AmUIr H$m_ H$aUo
hohrH$R>rUAmho.AemdoirEImXrImgJrg§ñWm{H$§dmEZOrAmo
H$moUË`mhr_mo~Xë`m{edmÈImXm_yë`m§H$ZH$m`©H«$_gaH$mar
emim§V am~dÊ`mMr V`mar Xe©dV Agob, Va _bm Zmhr dmQ>V

29
Vo gaH$mar ì`dñWoÀ`m {damoYmV Amho.
~rOoEgMm H$m`©H«$_hr AgmM gaH$mar ì`dñWobm nyaH$M
~ZdÊ`mV Ambm Amho. EÁ`w{¹$n~m~V _wWm `m§Zr {deX Ho$bobr
^y{_H$m åhUOo Ho$di Jßnm ZìhË`m, ho EÁ`w{¹$nÀ`m VrZ
amÁ`m§Vrb èñdr à`moJm§Zr {gÕ Ho$bo. EÁ`w{¹$nZo Oo ~Xb
KS>dbo Vo Ñí` hmoVo. Vo H$go KS>bo, ho g_OyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r EÁ`w{¹$n
Zo_Ho$ H$m` hmoVo, ho WmoS>Š`mV H$m hmoB©Zm, g_OyZ KoVë`m{edm`
Ë`mZo Zo_H$m ~Xb H$gm KS>bm, ho bjmV òUma Zmhr. EÁ`w{¹$n
H$m`©H«$_ hmVr KoÊ`m_mJo _wimV Ñ[ï>H$moZ hmoVm, Vmo {ejU
joÌmMr JwUdÎmm dmT>dyZ Xoe C^maUrbm hmV^ma bmdÊ`mMm.
emim§Mr JwUdÎmm dmT>dÊ`mMr VmVS>rZo Amdí`H$Vm Agë`mZo
Ë`mg_ñòdaVmoS>JmH$mT>Uo,{ejUg§ñWmAm{UË`mVrb{d{dY
KQ>H$m§À`m j_Vmd¥ÕrgmR>r à`ËZ H$aUo Am{U Ë`mgmR>r EH$
{dñV¥V H$m`©H«$_ V`ma H$aUo, Ago EÁ`w{¹$nMo ì`mnH$ C{Ôï>
hmoVo. nm`m^yV gw{dYm§§Mr {Z{_©Vr, nmÌ {ejH$m§Mr dmZdm Aem
ZmZm{dY g_ñ`m§Zr {ejU joÌ Koabobo AmhoM, nU _wimV Oo
H$mhr {ejU {_iVo Amho, Vo _wbm§Zm ñdV…À`m nm`mda Cô
H$aÊ`mg nwaogo Amho H$m, `mMm {dMma ìhm`bm hdm Am{U
Ë`mgmR>r gdmªJrU {dH$mgmMm EH$ H$m`©H«$_ hmVr ¿`m`bm hdm,
`m JaOoVyZ EÁ`w{¹$nMr {Z{_©Vr Pmbr. EÁ`w{¹$n hr EH$ àmoJ«°_
~mñHo$Q> qH$dm {d{dY H$m`©H«$_m§Mr EH$ nmoVS>rM hmoVr. `m_Üò
30 hÿZ A{YH$ doJdoJio H$m`©H«$_ hmoVo. {ejU ì`dñWoVrb
{d{dY KQ>H$m§Mr j_Vmd¥Õr ìhmdr Am{U {ejU joÌmVrb
^{dî`mVrb AmìhmZm§Zm g_W©nUo gm_moao OmÊ`mgmR>r `m
KQ>H$m§Zm V`ma H$aVm `mdo, `m Ñï>rZo `m H$m`©H«$_m§§Mr aMZm
H$aÊ`mV Ambr.
AmVm H$moUË`mhr joÌmMr JwUdÎmm dmT>dm`Mr, Va Vr EH$

30
gd©g_mdoeH$ à{H«$`m Agm`bm hdr Am{U Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m joÌmer
{ZJ{S>V gd© KQ>H$m§Mo `moJXmZ Ë`m_Üò Agm`bm hdo. {ejU
joÌhr Ë`mbm AndmX Zmhr. EÁ`w{¹$nMm _w»` âhr {ejU
joÌmVrb gd© KQ>H$m§Mo gj_rH$aU H$ê$Z Ë`m§§Mo
JwUdÎmmdmT>rgmR>r `moJXmZ {_idÊ`mMmM hmoVm. Ë`mZwgma,
_J EÁ`w{¹$n_Üò {ejU joÌmVrb {d{dY KQ>H$ Am{U Ë`m§À`m
JaOm H$m` AmhoV, `mMm Chmnmoh Ho$bm Jobm. CXmhaUmW©,
{ZU©` à{H«$òVrb ì`º$s …ZU©` à{H«$òVrb ì`º$s …ZU©` à{H«$òVrb ì`º$s …ZU©` à{H«$òVrb ì`º$s …ZU©` à{H«$òVrb ì`º$s … ñnY}V Cô amhÊ`mÀ`m AmìhmZmbm
Vm|S> Úmdo bmJVo.
{ejUg§ñWm …{ejUg§ñWm …{ejUg§ñWm …{ejUg§ñWm …{ejUg§ñWm … CnbãY gmYZm§Mm A{YH$ Mm§Jbm dmna
H$aÊ`mgmR>r _mJ©Xe©Z hdo.
{ejH$ …{ejH$ …{ejH$ …{ejH$ …{ejH$ … {eH$dÊ`mÀ`m nÕVt~m~V gj_rH$aU H$aÊ`mMr
JaO.
{dÚmWu …{dÚmWu …{dÚmWu …{dÚmWu …{dÚmWu … gdmªJrU {dH$mgmgmR>r _XVrMr JaO.
V§ÌkmZ …V§ÌkmZ …V§ÌkmZ …V§ÌkmZ …V§ÌkmZ … V§ÌkmZmMm `mo½` Am{U à^mdr dmna hdm.
nmbH$ …nmbH$ …nmbH$ …nmbH$ …nmbH$ … _wbmÀ`m {dH$mgmV Amnë`mbmhr _moR>m dmQ>m CMbmdm
bmJVmo, `m~m~V OmJê$H$Vm AmUUo JaOoMo.
`m gd© ~m~r Am{U JaOm bjmV KoD$Z EÁ`w{¹$nMr EH$ àmoJ«°_
~mñHo$Q> V`ma Ho$br Jobr. Ë`mMo gmYmaU ñdê$n nwT>rbà_mUo
hmoVo.
emim§Mo _yë`m§H$Z Am{Uemim§Mo _yë`m§H$Z Am{Uemim§Mo _yë`m§H$Z Am{Uemim§Mo _yë`m§H$Z Am{Uemim§Mo _yë`m§H$Z Am{U
ghH$m`© H$m`©H«$_ (EgEEgnr) :ghH$m`© H$m`©H«$_ (EgEEgnr) :ghH$m`© H$m`©H«$_ (EgEEgnr) :ghH$m`© H$m`©H«$_ (EgEEgnr) :ghH$m`© H$m`©H«$_ (EgEEgnr) :
>emioÀ`m EHy$U JwUdÎmoMo _yë`m§H$Z H$aUo hm `m H$m`©H«$_mMm
àmW{_H$ CÔoe. emioÀ`m ì`dñWoda n[aUm_ H$aUmè`m gd©
~m~tMm {dMma H$ê$Z hm H$m`©H«$_ V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambm.
{ejH$, {dÚmWu, _w»`mÜ`mnH$, ì`dñWmnZ AmXr gd© KQ>H$m§Mo

31
ñdV§Ì _yë`m§H$Z H$ê$Z emioMoM EH$ àJVr nwñVH$ V`ma H$aUo
Agm hm H$m`©H«$_ hmoVm. _wimV hm H$m`©H«$_ g§ñWmH|$[ÐV Z
H$aVm {dÚm{W©H|${ÐV V`ma Ho$bm Jobm. EgEEgnr Ho$di
_yë`m§H$Z H$ê$Z Wm§~V Zmhr, Va Á`m`moJo emim§Zm JwUdÎmoV
gwYmaUm H$aVm òB©b, Aer Amdí`H$ AmYma Am{U XoIaoI
ì`dñWmhr {Z_m©U H$aVo. _yë`m§H$ZmÀ`m à{H«$òV emioÀ`m
ì`dñWmnZmVrb ì`º$s, _w»`mÜ`mnH$, {ejH$ Aem gdmªMmM
gh^mJAgVmo.Ë`m_wio_yë`m§§H$ZmMo{ZîH$f©hodmñVdmbmYê$Z
AgVmV.
ì`dñWmnZ {dH$gZ H$m`©H«$_ì`dñWmnZ {dH$gZ H$m`©H«$_ì`dñWmnZ {dH$gZ H$m`©H«$_ì`dñWmnZ {dH$gZ H$m`©H«$_ì`dñWmnZ {dH$gZ H$m`©H«$_ :::::
gaH$maZo R>adbobr YmoaUo qH$dm EImÚm {ejU g§ñWoÀ`m
{dídñVm§Zr KoVbobo {ZU©` ho {ejUg§ñWoÀ`m EHy$U
H$ma^mam_Üò _hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m ~OmdV AgVmV. Ë`m§À`m
Ðï>onUmdaM g§ñWoMr àJVr Adb§~yZ AgVo. Ë`m_wio
JwUdÎmmdmT>rgmR>r Ë`m§À`m Ñ{ï>H$moZm_Üò ~Xb H$aUohr
Amdí`H$ Amho. Ë`mMà_mUo emioMm àemgH$s` ^ma
_w»`mÜ`mnH$ CMbV AgVmo. Ë`m_wio Ë`mÀ`m H$m_mV A{YH$
ZoQ>Ho$nUm òÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mbm ì`dñWmnZmMr H$mhr _yb^yV VÎdo
_mhrV hdrV.
darb XmoZ KQ>H$m§Mr j_Vmd¥Õr H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ë`m§Zm
Amdí`H$ Vr H$m¡eëò {dH${gV H$aÊ`mg _XV H$aUo, ho H$m_
hm ì`dñWmnZ {dH$gZ H$m`©H«$_ H$aVmo.
ì`dñWmnZ {dH$gZ H$m`©H«$_mV {dídñVm§Mo gj_rH$aU Am{U
_w»`mÜ`mnH$m§Mo gj_rH$aU Ago XmoZ ñdV§Ì ^mJ AmhoV.
Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Mm AmnU òWo ñdV§ÌnUo {dMma H$ê$.

32
{dídñV gj_rH$aU :{dídñV gj_rH$aU :{dídñV gj_rH$aU :{dídñV gj_rH$aU :{dídñV gj_rH$aU :
ImgJr AZwXm{ZV emim§Mm {dMma H$aVm, {dídñV ho
{ejUg§ñWoMoM EH$ KQ>H$ AgVmV. gd©gmYmaUnUo
{ejUg§ñWm§Mo {dídñV ho CÚmoOH$ AgVmV. Ë`m§Zr g§ñWobm
{Xboë`m XoUJrÀ`m AmYmao Vo g§ñWoMo {dídñV Pmbobo AgVmV.
_mÌ, {ejUmÀ`m JwUdÎmmdmT>rMm {dMma H$aVmZm `m
{dídñVm§À`m H$mhr _yb^yV _`m©Xm§Mm {dMma H$aUo OéarMo
AgVo. Vmo {dMma EÁ`w{¹$nZo Ho$bm.
- AZoH$ {dídñVm§Zm {ejUg§ñWm MmbdÊ`mMm AZw^d $ma
H$_r AgVmo.
- AZoH$m§gmR>r emim MmbdUo hm Ho$di Y_m©Xm` CnH«$_ AgVmo.
- Ë`m_wio gmh{OH$M emioMm ^{dî`H$mbrZ {dMma H$aÊ`mV
Vo H$_r nS>VmV.
`m _`m©Xm OmUyZ KoD$Z ~rOoEgZo EÁ`w{¹$n_Ü`o {dídñV
gj_rH$aU H$m`©H«$_mMr aMZm Ho$br. Ë`m§Mm OwZm Ñ{ï>H$moZ
~XbyZ Zdm {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$m`©emim, _m{hVrnQ>, g§dmX
gÌo `mVyZ Ë`m§À`mer g§dmX gmYUo Am{U H$m` H$am`bm hdo,
`mMr Ñï>rhr XoUo ho H$m_ `m _mÜ`_mVyZ hmoVo. ~rOoEgZo Amnbo
d[að> A{YH$mar `m H$m_mgmR>r Zo_yZ hm H$m`©H«$_ am~dbm.
Á`m emim EÁ`w{¹$n_Ü`o gh^mJr Pmë`m, Ë`m§À`m {dídñVm§Zm
à{ejU XoD$Z {ejUmMr XoemVrb Am{U OmJ{VH$ nmVirdarb
gÜ`mMr pñWVr `mMm AmdmH$m Ë`m§À`m bjmV AmUyZ {Xbm
Jobm. ho Ho$di MMmªÀ`m nmVirda gr{_V am{hbo Zmhr, Va ho
àË`jmV AmUÊ`mgmR>r H¥$Vr AmamIS>m V`ma H$aÊ`mn`ªV hm
àdmg Ho$bm Jobm.

33
_w»`mÜ`mnH$ gj_rH$aU:_w»`mÜ`mnH$ gj_rH$aU:_w»`mÜ`mnH$ gj_rH$aU:_w»`mÜ`mnH$ gj_rH$aU:_w»`mÜ`mnH$ gj_rH$aU:
_w»`mÜ`mnH$mMr gÜ`mÀ`m H$mimVrb ^y{_H$m hr AZoH$
S>Jatda nm` R>odyZ Vr H$gaV gm§^miV emim MmbdÊ`mMr
Pmbobr Amho. IaoVa Joë`m H$mhr dfmªnmgyZ hr ^y{_H$m hiyhiy
CËH«$m§V hmoV Amho. _w»`mÜ`mnH$mbm EH$mM doir {ejH$,
àemgH$, _mZgmonMmaVÁk, _wËgÔr, gm_m{OH$ H$m`©H$Vm©,
à{ejH$ Aem hahþÞar ^y{_H$m nma nmS>mì`m bmJV AgVmV.
Ë`mZo Ë`m Vem nma nmS>ë`m, VaM emioer g§~§{YV gd© KQ>H$
EH$_oH$m§~amo~a {dZmAS>Wim H$m_ H$ê$ eH$VmV. _hÎdmMo
åhUOo `m gd© ^y{_H$m Vmo EH$ ZoVm åhUyZM {Z^mdV AgVmo.
Ë`m_wio Ho$di {eH$dÊ`mÀ`m AZw^dmVyZ _w»`mÜ`mnH$mÀ`m
IwMuV ~gUmè`m ì`º$sbm `m ^y{_H$m nma nmS>Ê`mgmR>r doJù`m
à{ejUmMr Amdí`H$Vm Z¸$s AgVo, Oo gÜ`mÀ`m ì`dñWoV
CnbãY Zmhr. ~rOoEgZo ì`dñWoVrb Zo_H$m hmM Xmof hoabm.
_w»`mÜ`mnH$ Oa à{e{jV Agob, Va Vmo A{YH$ à^mdr {ZU©`
KoD$ eHo$b Am{U n`m©`mZo emiobm JwUdÎmoÀ`m _mJm©da ZoD$
eHo$b,Ago~rOoEgbmdmQ>bo.Ë`mVyZM~rOoEgZo_w»`mÜ`mnH$
gj_rH$aUmMm H$m`©H«$_ V`ma Ho$bm.
hm H$m`©H«$_ e¡j{UH$, d¡`{º$H$, ì`yhaMZmË_H$, g§KQ>ZmË_H$
Am{U Am§Va-d¡`{º$H$ g§~§Y Aem nmM {d^mJm§V {d^mJbm
Jobm. EH$m doir 20 Vo 25 _w»`mÜ`mnH$m§À`m JQ>mbm `m
H$m`©H«$_mMo à{ejU {Xbo OmD$ eH$Vo, Aem nÕVrZo Ë`mMr
aMZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. EH$ _mñQ>a Q´>oZa V`ma H$ê$Z Ë`mZo
_w»`mÜ`mnH$m§Zm à{e{jV H$aUo Aer nÕVhr Adb§~br Jobr.

34
{e{e{e{e{ejH$ à{ejUjH$ à{ejUjH$ à{ejUjH$ à{ejUjH$ à{ejU ddddd _yë`_mnZ :_yë`_mnZ :_yë`_mnZ :_yë`_mnZ :_yë`_mnZ :
{ejH$mbm à{ejU {_iUo AmË`§{VH$ JaOoMo Amho, ho bjmV
Amë`mZ§Va ñdV§Ì {ejH$ à{ejU H$m`©H«$_ {dH${gV H$aÊ`mV
Ambm. {ejH$mbm Zì`m V§ÌkmZmMr AmoiI hdr, Vmo {eH$dV
Agboë`m {df`mV OJmV gwê$ Agboë`m KS>m_moS>r§Mr Ë`mbm
OmUrd hdr Am{U `m gJù`mgmR>r à{ejU hdo. VoM Zo_Ho$ `m
H$m`©H«$_mV hmoVo. `m_Ü`o {ejH$mbm Ho$di Ë`mMm {df` H$gm
A{YH$ Mm§Jë`m nÕVrZo {eH$dm`Mm, EdT>oM gm§{JVbo OmV
Zmhr, Va _wbm§À`m H$bmH$bmZo H$go {eH$dm`Mo, `mMohr YS>o
{Xbo OmVmV. _wimV gÜ`mÀ`m H$mimV {ejH$ hm Mm§Jbm
g§dmXH$ hdm. Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o {dÚmÏ`mªZm {eH$dÊ`m~amo~aM
g_wnXoeZ H$aÊ`mMrhr H$bm hdr. EH$m AWm©Zo Ë`mMr ^y{_H$m
_|Q>m°aMr åhUOo {dÚmÏ`m©bm Ë`mÀ`m Hw$dVrMr AmoiI H$ê$Z
XoD$Z KSdÊ`mMr Agm`bm hdr. hm {ejH$ à{ejU H$m`©H«$_
Zo_Š`m `mM g§H$ënZoda ~Zdbm Jobm.
gÜ`mMo {ejH$ à{ejU H$m`©H«$_ ho Ho$di {df` {eH$dÊ`mda
^a XoUmao AmhoV, ho ~rOoEgZo VmS>bo hmoVo. _mÌ, ~rOoEgZo {ejH$
hmhr EH$ ì`mdgm{`H$ Amho, Aer ^y{_H$m KoVbr. Ë`m_wio Ë`mbm
Ho$diË`mMm{df`_mhrVAgUoJaOoMoZmhr.{ejH$mbmdJm©V
Am{U dJm©~mhoa Aem XmoZ ^y{_H$m ~Omdm`À`m AgVmV. dJm©V
{eH$dÊ`mMr ^y{_H$m nma nmS>VmZm Ë`mbm {eH$dÊ`mMo {gÕmÝV
Am{U nÕVr XmoÝhr _mhrV hdr, nU Ë`mM OmoS>rZo Ë`mbm
{dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m H$miOrdmhÿ _mJ©Xe©H$mMrhr ^y{_H$m nma nmS>m`Mr
AgVo. Vr {Z^mdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo {ejH$ à{ejU H$m`©H«$_mMr
{Z{_©Vr Pmbr. hm H$m`©H«$_ gÜ`mÀ`m gaH$mar H$m`©H«$_mbm

35
nyaH$ R>aUmam V`ma Ho$bm Jobm.
`m à{ejU H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m n{hë`m ^mJmMr gwédmVM _wir
hmoVo, Vr _r {ejH$ H$m Pmbmo Amho, `m àíZmMoo CÎma emoYÊ`mZo.
Ë`mZ§Va _J _mPr ~bñWmZo H$m`, _mÂ`mV H$m` ÌwQ>r AmhoV,
AmXr Jmoï>tMo ñdm°Q> A°Z{b{gg H$aÊ`mZo `mMm eodQ> hmoVmo.
EH$Xm ñdV…À`m j_Vm Am{U _`m©Xm§Mr OmUrd Pmbr, H$s
{ejH$m§Zm Ë`mZwgma gwYmaUogmR>r H¥$Vr AmamIS>m V`ma H$aVm
òVmo. Ë`mVyZM _J g§dmX H$m¡eë`, gmXarH$aU H$m¡eë`,
{eH$dÊ`mVrb H$ënH$Vm AmXr Jmoï>tMr ñnï> H$ënZm òVo.
{ejH$mMr Iar H$gmoQ>r AgVo, Vr {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m H$bmH$bmZo
{eH$dÊ`m_Üò Am{U Ë`mMà_mUo _bm Vw_Mr H$miOr Amho,
hm {dídmg {dÚmÏ`mª_Üò ÑT> H$aÊ`m_Üò. WmoS>Š`mV, _wbmMr
_mZ{gH$Vm g_OyZ KoUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. {ejH$ à{ejUmMm
Xþgam Q>ßnm _wbm§Mr _mZ{gH$Vm g_OyZ KoÊ`mda bj H|$[ÐV
H$aVmo. `m_Üò _J à{ejH$ {ejH$mbm ñdV…À`m bhmZnUÀ`m
Jmoï>r AmR>dm`bm gm§JVmo. Vgo Ho$bo, Va {ejH$mbm AmnU AmVm
Zo_Ho$ _wbm§er H$go dmJm`bm hdo, `mMo AmH$bZ hmoVo. _wbm§Mo
dJm©Vrb dV©Z, Ë`m§Mo ^md{díd `mÀ`mer EH$ê$n hmoÊ`mgmR>r
ho Amdí`H$ AgVo. ~rOoEgZo {ejH$ à{ejUmgmR>r ~aoMgo
g§emoYZ{gÕ gm{hË` V`ma H$ê$Z Vo à{ejU
H$m`©H«$_m§Xaå`mZ {ejH$m§Zmhr {Xbo.
{dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m OS>UKS>UrV _w»` ^y{_H$m {Z^mdVmo, Vmo {ejH$.
~rOoEgZo ^maVr` g§X^m©V {ejH$mMr ^y{_H$m H$er Agm`bm
hdr, `mMm gImob Aä`mg Ho$bm Am{U {ejH$m§Mo _yë`_mnZ
hr EH$ JaO Agë`mMo bjmV Ambo. OmJ{VH$ nmVirdahr

36
{ejH$m§Mo _yë`_mnZ hr à{H«$`m {ejUmMr JwUdÎmm
dmT>dÊ`mgmR>r _hÎdmMr _mZbr Jobr Amho.
~rOoEgZo{ejH$_yë`_mnZH$m`©H«$_V`maH$aVmZm{ejH$m§Mo,
Ë`m§À`m {eH$dÊ`mMo EH$ {d{eï> nÕVr dmnê$Z {díbofU H$aUo
Aer aMZm R>adbr. `m H$m`©H«$_mMr H$mhr d¡{eîQ>ço nwT>rbà_mUo
hmoVr.
{ejUVÁk, EMAma Am{U ì`dñWmnZ VÁk, {gpñQ>åg VÁk
AmXtMr EH$ VÁk g{_Vr V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambr. {ejH$m§À`m
_yë`_mnZmgmR>r 43 {ZH$f R>adÊ`mV Ambo. ñdV…ZoM ñdV…Mo
_yë`_mnZ H$aUo, ghH$mè`mZo H$aUo Am{U _w»`mÜ`mnH$mZo
H$aUo Ago àH$ma Ë`mV g_m{dï> Ho$bo Jobo. `m_Üò {dÚmWu
Am{U nmbH$m§Zmhr {ejH$m§Mo _yë`_mnZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmd Amho.
AWm©V, _yë`_mnZ H$aUmè`m àËòH$ KQ>H$mbm doJdoJio {ZH$f
AmhoV. _yë`_mnZmV àËòH$ {ZH$fmMm EH$ Vº$m ~Zdbm Jobm.
Ë`mV gyMZm Am{U {e$maetMmhr g_mdoe hmoVm. àËòH$
{ejH$mMm ñdV§Ì Ahdmb Am{U emioMm EH${ÌV Ahdmb Ago
XmoZ Ahdmb Ho$ë`mZo ~Xb H$aÊ`mg nwaogm dmd {_iV hmoVm.
emim ì`dñWmnZ gm°âQ>doAa :emim ì`dñWmnZ gm°âQ>doAa :emim ì`dñWmnZ gm°âQ>doAa :emim ì`dñWmnZ gm°âQ>doAa :emim ì`dñWmnZ gm°âQ>doAa :
emioMo ì`dñWmnZ H$aUo ho EH$ _moR>o {Xì` AgVo Am{U Ë`mhÿZ
_moR>o {Xì` AgVo, Vo àemgH$s` H$m_mÀ`m Zm|Xr R>odÊ`mMo. Xadfu
~XbUmar {dÚmWu g§»`m, J«§Wmb`, dJ©Imoë`m§nmgyZ ISy>-
$ù`m§n`ªVÀ`m nm`m^yV gw{dYm§À`m Zm|Xr, doimnÌH$ V`ma
H$aUo, narjm KoUo, {ejUoVa CnH«$_ Aer AZoH$ àemgH$s`
H$m_o emim§_Üò df©â gwê$ AgVmV. `m gd© ì`mnmMr H$mJXnÌo
gm§^miUo hm EH$ _moR>m ì`mn AgVmo. EHy$UM {bImnT>rZo ho
H$m_ A{YH$ {H$MH$Q> ~ZVo. Vo gmono H$aÊ`mMm V§ÌkmZmYm[aV

37
Cnm` EÁ`w{¹$nÀ`m emim ì`dñWmnZ gm°âQ>doAaZo Úm`Mm
à`ËZ Ho$bm. doimnÌH$, {XZX{e©H$m, nmR>m§Mo {Z`moOZ AmXr
Jmoï>r EH$m pŠbH$da V`ma H$aÊ`mMr gw{dYm XoÊ`mMr j_Vm
`m gm°âQ>doAa_Üò hmoVr. _mZdr H$ï>m§Mo AZoH$ Vmg H$_r H$aUo
hm `m gm°âQ>doAaMm _w»` CÔoe hmoVm.
{dÚmÏ`mªMo _yë`_mnZ (g°n) :{dÚmÏ`mªMo _yë`_mnZ (g°n) :{dÚmÏ`mªMo _yë`_mnZ (g°n) :{dÚmÏ`mªMo _yë`_mnZ (g°n) :{dÚmÏ`mªMo _yë`_mnZ (g°n) :
OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ`m H$mimV gm_m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVamda hmoV
Agboë`m ^m¡{VH$ àJVrZo {dÚmÏ`mªnwT>o H$[aAaMr AZoH$ XmbZo
Iwbr Ho$br AmhoV. Aem doir {dÚmÏ`mªMr Hw$dV Am{U EImÚm
{d{eï> JmoîQ>r~m~V Agbobm H$b `mo½` d`mV OmUyZ KoUo
Amdí`H$ ~Zbo Amho, Á`m`moJo Ë`mbm Ë`m dmQ>oda MmbÊ`mgmR>r
nyaH$ {ejU XoVm òD$ eHo$b. g°n `m _yë`_mnZ H$m`©H«$_mMo
C{Ôï> Zo_Ho$ hoM hmoVo. AmR>dr, Xhmdr Am{U ~mamdr `m VrZ
Q>ßß`m§da H$bMmMUr KoD$Z {dÚmÏ`m©bm Ë`mÀ`m H$[aAaMr dmQ>
emoYÊ`mgmR>r _XV H$aUmar hr emór` àUmbr hmoVr. `m_Üò
ghm MmMÊ`m hmoË`m, Á`mV 36 doJdoJio KQ>H$ g_m{dï> hmoVo.
EÁ`w{¹$n_Yrb H$m`©H«$_m§Mr aMZm H$emÀ`m AmYmamda Ho$br
Jobr,honmhUohr_moR>oamoMH$Amho.`mgmR>r_wimVghmnm`è`m§da
H$m_ Ho$bo Jobo.
1. g§H$ënZm …1. g§H$ënZm …1. g§H$ënZm …1. g§H$ënZm …1. g§H$ënZm … {ejU ì`dñWoÀ`m JaOoMo _yë`_mnZ H$ê$Z
Ë`mZwgma Am¡{MË`nyU© H$m`©H«$_m§Mr AmIUr Ho$br Jobr.
2. ì`már …2. ì`már …2. ì`már …2. ì`már …2. ì`már … `mZ§Va H$m`©H«$_mMr ì`már R>adÊ`mV Ambr,
Á`m`moJogh^mJrKQ>H$m§Mrj_VmVnmgyZ{H$VrgImobnUo
H$m`©H«$_ am~dm`Mm `mMm {ZU©` KoVm òB©b.
3. aMZm …3. aMZm …3. aMZm …3. aMZm …3. aMZm … doJdoJù`m _m°S>çwëgMo ñdê$n A§{V_ H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mr
doJdoJù`m H$m`©H«$_m§er gm§JS> KmbUo, hm ^mJ `m nmàrda
Ho$bm Jobm.

38
4. {dH$gZ …4. {dH$gZ …4. {dH$gZ …4. {dH$gZ …4. {dH$gZ … `m Q>ßß`mda _OHy$a, AmboI, H$m°åß`wQ>a àmoJ«°åg
Aem {d{dY ñdê$nm§V Ame` V`ma Ho$bm Jobm.
5. A§_b~OmdUr …5. A§_b~OmdUr …5. A§_b~OmdUr …5. A§_b~OmdUr …5. A§_b~OmdUr … Á`m emim§V ho H$m`©H«$_ am~dm`Mo, Ë`m§Mr
_mÝ`Vm KoD$Z H$em àH$mao Vo am~dm`Mo `mMm {ZU©` KoVbm
Jobm.
6. nmR>nwamdm Am{U XoIaoI …6. nmR>nwamdm Am{U XoIaoI …6. nmR>nwamdm Am{U XoIaoI …6. nmR>nwamdm Am{U XoIaoI …6. nmR>nwamdm Am{U XoIaoI … Á`m emim§V H$m`©H«$_ am~dbo
Jobo, VoWo VrZ nmVù`m§da nmR>nwamdm Ho$bm Jobm. n{hbm
nmR>nwamdmH$m`©H«$_am~dm`bmgwédmVHo$ë`mdabJoMHo$bm
Jobm. Z§VaMm VrZ Vo ghm _{hÝ`m§Zr Am{U Ë`mZ§VaMm 15
Vo 18 _{hÝ`m§Zr Á`m`moJo H$m`©H«$_m§Mm XrK©H$mbrZ n[aUm_
Vnmgbm Jobm.

39
7. A§_b~OmdUr7. A§_b~OmdUr7. A§_b~OmdUr7. A§_b~OmdUr7. A§_b~OmdUr
hogd©H$m`©H«$__wWm`m§ZrË`m§À`mg§ñWoVrbVÁkm§À`mgmømZoM
V`ma Ho$bo. AWm©V, H$m`©H«$_ Va V`ma Pmbm, nU Vmo am~dm`Mm
H$moR>o hm àíZ hmoVmM. gaH$mar emim§_Üò gaH$mar
nadmZJr{edm` qH§$dm ImgJr emim§_Üò g§ñWmMmbH$m§§À`m
_mÝ`Vo{edm` Agm H$m`©H«$_ am~dUo eŠ` ZìhVo. `mMmM AW©
AmYr {ZU©` KoÊ`mMm A{YH$ma Agboë`m§Zm EÁ`w{¹$nÀ`m
Cn`wº$Vo{df`r nQ>dUo JaOoMo hmoVo.
XþgarH$S>o, EÁ`w{¹$n V`ma Ho$bo Jobo Vo g§emoYZ{gÕ à`ËZm§VyZ
`mVH$mhrMdmXZìhVm.nUAZoH$Xm{gÕmÝVAm{UàmË`{jH$
`m_Üò EH$ Xar amhVo. WmoS>Š`mV, H$m`©H«$_mMr àË`j
A§_b~OmdUrHo$ë`m{edm`Ë`mMoCn`mo{OËdqH$dmA°pßbHo$eZ
g_OUo eŠ` ZìhVo. Ë`mgmR>r AmYr àm`mo{JH$ ñVamda Vmo
am~dyZ nmhUo _hÎdmMo hmoVo.
Aem doir _wWm `m§Zr EH$ AZmoIr H$ënZm bT>dbr. ^maVr`
O¡Z g§KQ>Zm Amnë`m gm_m{OH$ H$m_m_wio O¡Z g_mOmV

40
n[a{MV PmbrM hmoVr. nU AmVm ~rOoEgZo EH$ nmD$b nwT>o
Q>mHy$Z O¡Z g_mOmVrb ì`º$s MmbdV Agboë`m XoeâmVrb
{ejUg§ñWm§Zm EH$Ì AmUm`Mo R>adbo Am{U O¡Z g_mOmVrb
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hoVy hm, H$s `m g§ñWmMmbH$m§er nÌì`dhma H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm
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hm emoY KoV AgVmZm _wWm `m§À`m bjmV Ambo, H$s Joë`m 125
dfmªV ^maVmV O¡Z g_mOmÀ`m gw_mao 2500 {ejU g§ñWm gwê$
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AmhoV, Aer gd© _m{hVr O_m Ho$br. Ë`mVyZ EH$ amoMH$ ~m~
g_moa Ambr, Vr åhUOo `m {ejUg§ñWm O¡Z g_mOmÀ`m
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{dMma _wWm `m§Zr Ho$bm.
AWm©V, EÁ`w{¹$n am~dÊ`mgmR>r `m emim§Zm nQ>dUo {VVHo$go
gmonohr ZìhVo. Ë`m_wio _wWm `m§Zr àW_ `m
{ejUg§ñWmMmbH$m§ZmEH$ÌAmUÊ`mgmR>rEH$ì`mgnrR>V`ma
H$am`Mo R>adbo Am{U Ë`mVyZM {Z_m©U Pmbo o$S>aoeZ $m°a
O¡Z EÁ`wHo$eZb BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ²>g AWm©V E$OoB©Am` ho ì`mgnrR>.
gZ 2002 _Üò ho ì`mgnrR> V`ma Pmbo. `m E$OoB©Am`Mr

41
n{hbr n[afX _mM© 2003 _Üò Am`mo{OÊ`mV Ambr. (_mJo
åhQ>ë`mà_mUo A_o[aHo$V Pmboë`m Zmâgm H$m°Ý$aÝg_Üòhr
_wWm `m§Zr `m E$OoB©Am`À`m dVrZoM ñQ>m°b C^m Ho$bm hmoVm.)
E$OoB©Am`À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ XoemVrb 1700 O¡Z emim EH$Ì
Amë`m.
E$OoB©Am`À`mXþgè`mn[afXo_Üò~|Jiwê$_ÜòZmoìh|~a2004
_Üò EÁ`w{¹$n H$m`©H«$_m~m~V g§nyU© _m{hVr {Xbr Jobr. _mÌ,
Ë`mAmYr `m emim§da Agboë`m {dídñVm§Mr _m{hVr n{hë`m
n[afXoXaå`mZ Jmoim Ho$br Jobr hmoVr. EÁ`w{¹$n am~dm`Mo,
Va `m {dídñVm§Zm AmYr Ë`mMo _hÎd nQ>dyZ Úm`bm bmJUma
hmoVo. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`mgmR>r EH$ Img H$m`©H«$_ V`ma H$aÊ`mV
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ñdV…À`m emim§Vhr {Z`{_VnUo Om`bm O_V ZìhVo. Ë`m§Mr
hr _mZ{gH$Vm ~XbUo hoM _moR>o AmìhmZ hmoVo. H$maU Ë`m{edm`
EÁ`w{¹$n am~dm`bm Vo amOr hmoVrb, Aer n[apñWVr ZìhVr.
_wWm `m§Zr _J Q´>ñQ>r Eånm°da_oÝQ> Agm H$m`©H«$_ V`ma Ho$bm.
n{hë`m ~°M_Üò 20 {dídñV Ambo. Ë`m§Zm EÁ`w{¹$n H$m`©H«$_,
Vmo emim§V am~dÊ`mMr JaO `m{df`rMr gd© _m{hVr
à{ejUmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ XoÊ`mV Ambr. Ho$di EdT>çmZo
^mJUma ZìhVo. Ë`m_wio `m EÁ`w{¹$n H$m`©H«$_mda EH$
_m{hVrnQ> V`ma H$ê$Z Vmohr Ë`m§Zm XmIdbm Jobm. AIoa
OmJ¥Vr H$aVm H$aVm 1700 n¡H$s 250 hÿZ emim§Mo g§MmbH$
EÁ`w{¹$n am~dÊ`mgmR>r V`ma Pmbo. `m emim§_Üò
EÁ`w{¹$nÀ`m nmoVS>rVrb gd© H$m`©H«$_ am~{dÊ`mg gwédmV
Pmbr. Ë`mgmR>r {dídñV Am{U _w»`mÜ`mnH$m§nmgyZ
{ejH$mn`ªVÀ`m KQ>H$m§Zm à{ejU XoÊ`mV Ambo. à{ejUmMr
hr O~m~Xmar ~rOoEgÀ`m Q>r_ZoM CMbbr. A{YñdrH¥$Vr

42
(A°H«o${S>Q>oeZ), {ejH$ à{ejU, emim ì`dñWmnZ gm°âQ>doAa
Ago gd© H$m`©H«$_ `m emim§Zr ñdrH$mabo. {deof åhUOo
df©âmVM Ë`m§Zm `mMo Ñí` n[aUm_ OmUdy bmJbo.
A{YñdrH¥$Vr_wio emim§Zm Amnbr j_Vm Am{U ÌwQ>r `m§Mr Zo_H$s
OmUrd Pmbr. Ë`mda Ë`m§Zr H$m_ Ho$bo. {ejH$m§Zm {eH$dÊ`mMr
EH$ doJir hmVmoQ>r {_imbr. n[aUm_r, emim§Mm XhmdrMm {ZH$mb
_moR>çm à_mUmda gwYmabm.
A§X_mZmVrb à`moJ :A§X_mZmVrb à`moJ :A§X_mZmVrb à`moJ :A§X_mZmVrb à`moJ :A§X_mZmVrb à`moJ :
E$OoB©Am`_Üò à`moJ èñdr hmoV AgVmZm {S>g|~a 2005
_Üò Xoembm EH$m _moR>çm g§H$Q>mbm gm_moao Omdo bmJbo. XoemÀ`m
X{jU {H$Zmè`m§da Cgiboë`m ËgwZm_rZo A§X_mZ {ZH$mo~ma
~oQ>m§Zm Ajae… ZoñVZm~yV Ho$bo. ~rOoEgZo VoWohr nwZd©gZmgmR>r
Amnbm _XVrMm hmV nwT>o Ho$bm. Ë`m{Z{_ÎmmZo A§X_mZ-
{ZH$mo~maMo VËH$mbrZ Zm`~ amÁ`nmb am_ H$mngo `m§À`mer
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g_Obo, Voìhm Ë`mMo gmXarH$aU _bmhr XmIdm, Ago Ë`m§Zr
_wWm `m§Zm gm§{JVbo. Ë`mgmR>r nwÊ`mVM EH$ ~¡R>H$ Am`mo{OV
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emim§Mo_w»`mÜ`mnH$Agmgw_mao100OUm§MmEH$àm{V{Z{YH$

43
JQ> V`ma Ho$bm Jobm. `m JQ>mbm nwÊ`mVM EÁ`w{¹$nMo
gmXarH$aU H$aÊ`mV Ambo. {deof åhUOo `m JQ>mVrb àËòH$mZo
Vo A{Ve` g_agyZ g_OyZ KoVbo Am{U emim§_Üò
am~dÊ`mgmR>r EH$_wImZo hmoH$mahr âbm.
`m {R>H$mUr _wWm `m§Mo EH$ d¡{eîQ>ç bjmV ¿`m`bm hdo. gaH$mar
nmVirda AmXoe H$mTy>Z EÁ`w{¹$n am~dyZ KoUo ghO eŠ`
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KQ>H$m§Zm hm H$m`©H«$_ am~dm`Mm Amho, Ë`m§Zm Ë`mMr Cn`wº$Vm
nQ>Uo _hÎdmMo Amho, `mMm YS>m Ë`m§Zr AmYrÀ`m
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_{hÝ`mMo nyU© doi à{ejU XoÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. `m{edm`

44
{ejH$m§Zmgm°âQ>pñH$ëgMoà{ejUXoÊ`mgmR>rdoimodoirVÁkm§Mo
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àËòH$M emioV eodQ>n`ªV CËgmh {Q>Ho$b, `mMr emídVr ZìhVr.
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g{_VrH$S>o hmoVm.
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Vr Pmbrhr. A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò gw_mao VrZ dfo© EÁ`w{¹$n
am~dbm Jobm. `m VrZ dfmªV Pmbobr JwUdÎmoVrb àJVr
XhmdrÀ`m {ZH$mbmV à{Vq~{~V Pmbr. A§X_mZmVrb XhmdrMm
{ZH$mb `m VrZ dfmªV Vã~b 22 Q>ŠŠ`m§§Zr gwYmabm. XhmdrÀ`m
{ZH$mbm{Z{_Îm Am`mo{OV nÌH$ma n[afXoV VoWrb ~moS>m©À`m

45
A{YH$mè`m§ZrOmhranUo`mMolo`~rOoEgÀ`mEÁ`w{¹$nbm{Xbo.
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em~mgH$sMr hr Wmn embo` {ejUmVrb H$m_ `mo½` {XeoZo gwê$
Agë`mMr _moR>r nmdVr hmoVr.

46
8. ZdmoX` {dÚmb`m§Vrb à`moJ8. ZdmoX` {dÚmb`m§Vrb à`moJ8. ZdmoX` {dÚmb`m§Vrb à`moJ8. ZdmoX` {dÚmb`m§Vrb à`moJ8. ZdmoX` {dÚmb`m§Vrb à`moJ
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nmQ>rb ho H|$Ðem{gV àXoem§Mo à_wI Agë`mZo Ë`m§Zm `m
àXoemÀ`m AmT>mì`m_Üò hr _m{hVr g_Obr. nwÊ`mÀ`m
~rOoEg_wio Vã~b 40 dfmªZr A§X_mZMm {ZH$mb gwYmaë`mMo
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gmXarH$aUmbm CnpñWV hmoVo. àm`mo{JH$ ñVamda ZdmoX`
{dÚmb`m§_Üò EÁ`w{¹$n am~dVm òB©b, Ago `m ~¡R>H$sV R>abo.
Ë`mZwgma, gZ 2006 Vo 2010 `m H$mbmdYrV XoemÀ`m
H$mZmH$monè`mV Agboë`m 563 ZdmoX` {dÚmb`m§_Üò EÁ`w{¹$n
am~dÊ`m~m~V H$ama H$aÊ`mV Ambm. Ë`mZ§Va `m {dÚmb`m§er
g§~§{YV {d{dY KQ>H$m§Mo à{ejU nwÊ`mV Pmbo. XoemV {d{dY

47
^mJm§V ZdmoX` {dÚmbò Agë`mZo VoWo hm H$m`©H«$_ H$em
nÕVrZo am~dbm OmVmo Amho, `mda XoIaoI H$aÊ`mgmR>r gd©
{Oëøm§_Üò _mUgo nmR>dUo eŠ` ZìhVo. Voìhm ~rOoEgV}$ AmR>
{d^mJm§_Üò A{YH$mar Zo_Ê`mV Ambo. ho {d^mJr` A{YH$mar
{d{dY {Oëøm§Vrb ZdmoX` {dÚmb`m§Mo A{YH$mar, _w»`mÜ`mnH$
Am{U {ejH$m§Mo à{ejU H$aVrb Am{U A§_b~OmdUrda
bjhr R>odVrb, Ago R>abo. Aem àH$mao ñHy$b A°Ho«{S>Q>oeZ, emim
ì`dñWmnZ gm°âQ>doAa, {ejH$ à{ejU BË`mXr H$m`©H«$_
ZdmoX` {dÚmb`m§_Üò Q>ßß`mQ>ßß`mZo am~dÊ`mV Ambo.

48
9. EÁ`w{¹$n Jmoì`mV9. EÁ`w{¹$n Jmoì`mV9. EÁ`w{¹$n Jmoì`mV9. EÁ`w{¹$n Jmoì`mV9. EÁ`w{¹$n Jmoì`mV
A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò EÁ`w{¹$nMo H$m`©H«$_ am~dÊ`mg
gwédmV Pmë`mda Xaå`mZÀ`m H$mimV åhUOo A§X_mZ_Üò
EÁ`w{¹$nMr gwédmV Pmë`mda gw_mao XrS> dfm©Zr gZ 2007
_Üò EÁ`w{¹$n Jmoì`mVhr OmD$Z nmoMbo. EÁ`w{¹$nMm Jmodm
àdoehr _moR>m amoMH$ Amho. A§X_mZ_Üò EÁ`w{¹$n am~dVmZm
VoWo {ejU g{Md åhUyZ H$m_ H$aV Agbobo C{Xá ao `m§Zr
EÁ`w{¹$nMo H$m`©H«$_ Am{U Ë`mMr Cn`wº$Vm OdiyZ nm{hbr
hmoVr.A§X_mZ_Yrbemim§VEÁ`w{¹$nMmà`moJgwê$AgVmZmM
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g§nH©$ gmYbm Am{U Jmoì`mVrb emim§_Üòhr EÁ`w{¹$n
am~dÊ`mMrH$ënZmË`m§À`mnwT>o_m§S>br.Jmoì`mV1700gaH$mar
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Q>opñQ>¨J hmoB©b, Agm {dMma H$ê$Z OmZodmar 2007 _Üò _wWm
`m§Zr Jmoì`mMo {ejU g§MmbH$ Am{U {ejU {d^mJmVrb

49
A{YH$mar dJm©bm EÁ`w{¹$nMo gmXarH$aU Ho$bo. A{YH$mè`m§Zm
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à{V{ZYrAgbobr~rOoEgA°Ho$S>o{_ŠgñHy$bBåàyìh_|Q>H${_Q>r
(~o{gH$) Jmoì`mVhr ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Ambr. EÁ`w{¹$nÀ`m
nmoVS>rVrb ñHy$b A°{H«${S>Q>oeZ, {ejH$ à{ejU, _wbm§Mo
_yë`m§H$Z Ago H$m`©H«$_ ~mhoa H$mTy>Z doJdoJù`m emim§V
am~dÊ`mV Ambo. emim§Zr ho H$m`©H«$_ Ë`m§À`m JaOoZwgma
am~dbo. n[aUm_ AWm©VM gH$mamË_H$ hmoVm. nwT>À`m VrZM
dfmªV åhUOo gZ 2010 _Üò Jmoì`mV XhmdrÀ`m {ZH$mbmZo
AmYrMo gd© {dH«$_ _moS>bo. Ë`m dfu VoWo Vã~b 83.50 Q>¸o$
{dÚmWu CÎmrU© Pmbo. EÁ`w{¹$n am~dÊ`mnydu åhUOo gZ 2006
_Üò Jmoì`mMm {ZH$mb hmoVm 69.51 Q>¸o$. Jmodm ~moS>m©Mo AÜ`j
_{d©Z {S>gyPm `m§Zr {ZH$mb Omhra H$aÊ`mgmR>r KoVboë`m
nÌH$ma n[afXoV Mm§Jë`m {ZH$mbmMo lo` ~rOoEgÀ`m
EÁ`w{¹$nbm{Xbo.VoåhUmbo,Jmoì`mVrbgaH$marAm{UgaH$mar
AZwXm{ZV emim§À`m JwUdÎmm _yë`_mnZmMo H$m_ ~rOoEgZo
Ho$bo. _yë`m§H$ZmZ§Va `m emim§Zm Ë`m§À`mV H$m` ÌwQ>r AmhoV,
`mMr OmUrd H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV Ambr Am{U Ë`mda Ë`m§Zr
n[aUm_H$maH$ Cnm` `moOë`mZo `m emim§Zr Mm§Jbr àJVr Ho$br
Amho. (àog H$qQ>J OmoS>Uo)
Jmoì`m_Üò EÁ`w{¹$n am~dVmZm KS>boë`m EH$m KQ>ZoMm BWo
C„oIH$am`bmhdm.Jmoì`mVrb~hþVm§egaH$marAm{UgaH$mar

50
AZwXm{ZV emim§Zr EÁ`w{¹$n ñdrH$maÊ`mg hmoH$ma Xe©dbm, Var
H$mhr emim _mÌ `mnmgyZ Xÿa am{hë`m. ~rOoEg hr Ym{_©H$
g§KQ>Zm Agë`mMm `m emim§À`m ì`dñWmnZmMm g_O Pmbm
hmoVm. Ë`m_wio ~hþVm§e {¼íMZ {ejH$ Agboë`m `m emim§V
~rOoEgMm H$m`©H«$_ am~dmdm H$m, Agm g§^«_ Ë`m§À`m _ZmV
{Z_m©U Pmbm. AWm©V, Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`mda gº$s _mÌ Ho$br Jobr
Zmhr. nU {deof åhUOo BVa emim§V EÁ`w{¹$n EH$ df©
am~dë`mZ§Va {XgUmao gH$mamË_H$ n[aUm_ ~KyZ `m emim§À`m
ì`dñWmnZm§Zr AmnU hmoD$ZM ~rOoEgbm nÌ nmR>dbo Am{U
EÁ`w{¹$nMo gmXarH$aU Am_À`mH$S>o H$am, Agm àñVmd _m§S>bm.
Ë`mZwgma, Ë`m§À`m emim§V gmXarH$aU Pmbo. H$mhr nXm{YH$mar
Am{U {ejH$ dJ© nwÊ`mV Ambm. Ë`m§Zrhr H$m`©H«$_ g_OyZ
KoVbm Am{U ImÌr nQ>VmM Ë`m§Zrhr Vmo am~dÊ`mg gwédmV
Ho$br. _wWm `m§À`m Ñï>rZo hr _moR>r A{Mìh_|Q> hmoVr. Vo åhUVmV,
O¡Z g§KQ>Zobm {¼íMZ emioV `oD$ XoUma Zmhr, Aer ^y{_H$m
KoVboë`m g§KQ>ZoZo EÁ`w{¹$nMo gH$mamË_H$ n[aUm_ nmhÿZ
AmnU hmoD$Z ~rOoEgbm ~mobmdbo hmoVo. AmUIr EH$ _hÎdmMr
~m~ åhUOo {¼íMZ g_mOmÀ`m Xoe^amV A{Ve` XO}Xma
emim AmhoV. Ago XO}Xma {ejU XoUmè`m emim§Zr ~rOoEgÀ`m
H$m`©H«$_mbm _mÝ`Vm XoUo åhUOo Am_À`m H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m
XOm©bmhr _mÝ`Vm XoÊ`mgmaIo hmoVo. (E~rB© ñHy$ëgÀ`m nÌmMr
àV)
Jmoì`mV VrZ df} H$m`©H«$_ am~dÊ`mMm H$ama g§në`mda
Jmoì`mVrb gd© A{YH$mar nwÊ`mbm ~rOoEg H$m`m©b`mV Ambo.
Ë`m doiÀ`m {ejU g§MmbH$ goëgm qnQ>mo `m§Zr `m doir Pmboë`m
~¡R>H$sV ^mfU Ho$bo Am{U ~rOoEgbm AmUIr EH$ df© Var
Jmoì`mV H$m`©H«$_ am~dm, Aer {dZ§Vr Ho$br. Ë`m§À`m

51
{dZ§VrZwgma, ~rOoEgZo Jmoì`mVrb Amnbm _w¸$m_ df©âmZo
dmT>dbm.
JwOamV_Üò :JwOamV_Üò :JwOamV_Üò :JwOamV_Üò :JwOamV_Üò :
A§X_mZ, Jmodm Am{U ZdmoX` {dÚmb`m§_Yrb EÁ`w{¹$nÀ`m
èñdr A§_b~OmdUrMr H$sVu gZ 2008 _Üò JwOamVn`ªV
nmoMbr hmoVr. JwOamVMo _w»`_§Ìr Za|Ð _moXr `m§Zr _wWm
`m§À`mer ñdV… g§nH©$ gmYyZ hm H$m`©H«$_ OmUyZ ¿`m`Mr BÀN>m
ì`º$ Ho$br. Ë`mZwgma, _wWm `m§Zr ñdV… JwOamVbm OmD$Z
EÁ`w{¹$nMo gmXarH$aU Ho$bo. `m ~¡R>H$sbm _w»`_§Í`m§g_doV
BVa nmM _§Ìrhr hmoVo. ânya MM}A§Vr OmZodmar 2009 _Üò
EÁ`w{¹$nMm à`moJ Z_©Xm Am{U ^ê$M `m XmoZ {Oëøm§_Yrb
emim§V H$aÊ`mMo R>abo. AWm©V, EÁ`w{¹$nÀ`m nmoVS>rVrb gd©M
H$m`©H«$_ VoWo KoVbo Jobo, Ago Zmhr, Va emim§Zwgma, Ë`m§À`m
JaOoZwgma H$m`©H«$_ am~dÊ`mg gwédmV Pmbr. gw_mao XmoZ
df} EÁ`w{¹$nMm hm à`moJ JwOamV_Yrb `m XmoZ {Oëøm§Vrb
emim§V am~dbm Jobm.
`mM Xaå`mZ JwOamV gaH$maZo Ë`m§Mm ñdV…Mm _yë`m§H$Z
H$m`©H«$_ Agmdm, åhUyZ Om{hamV XoD$Z {Z{dXm _mJdë`m.
Ë`m doir _wWm `m§Zr {ZU©` KoVbm, H$s AmnU AmVm Amnbm
H$m`©H«$_ Wm§~dy Am{U Om{hamVrMm {ZH$mb Amë`mda JwOamV
gaH$maÀ`m Zì`m YmoaUmà_mUo naV am~dy. Aem [aVrZo
EÁ`w{¹$nMm JwOamV_Yrb N>moQ>m àdmg Wm§~bm. `m Om{hamVrMo
H$m` Pmbo, Ë`mV ~rOoEgZo {Z{dXm âbr H$m, `m Jmoï>tMr
CÎmao H$mbm§VamZo {_imbr, Or AmnU nwT>o nmhUma AmhmoVM.

52
10. EÁ`w{¹$nMr Im{g`V10. EÁ`w{¹$nMr Im{g`V10. EÁ`w{¹$nMr Im{g`V10. EÁ`w{¹$nMr Im{g`V10. EÁ`w{¹$nMr Im{g`V
EÁ`w{¹$nMr hr nmoVS>r H$er V`ma Pmbr, ho AmnU {dñVmamZo
g_OyZ KoVboM Amho, nU gZ 2004 Vo 2011 `m gmYmaU
gmV dfmªÀ`m H$mbmdYrV hm H$m`©H«$_ E$OoB©Am`, A§X_mZ-
{ZH$mo~ma, ZdmoX` {dÚmbò, Jmodm Am{U JwOamV_Yrb Z_©Xm
Am{U ^ê$M òWrb emim§_Üò Amho VgmM am~dbm Jobm, Ago
Pmbobo Zmhr. _wimV `m EÁ`w{¹$nMm CÔoe hmoVm, Vmo emim§Mo
_yë`m§H$Z H$ê$Z JwUdÎmmdmT>rgmR>r ghH$m`© H$aUo. {ejU
ì`dñWoMm gmH$ë`mZo Aä`mg H$ê$Z EÁ`w{¹$nMr {Z{_©Vr
Pmbobr Agbr, Var g¡Õm§{VH$ nmVirda {XgUmam H$m`©H«$_
Am{U àË`j A§_b~OmdUrV òUmè`m AS>MUr `m§Mr _moR>çm
H$m¡eë`mZo gm§JS> Kmbmdr bmJVo. OoWo-OoWo EÁ`w{¹$n nmoMbm,
VoWo Ë`m-Ë`m n[apñWVrZwgma Ë`mbm bdMrH$ ìhmdo bmJbo.
AWm©V, ~rOoEgZo H$m`©H«$_ V`ma H$aVmZmM hr eŠ`Vm J¥hrV
Yabobr Agë`mZo Xadfu EÁ`w{¹$nMohr _yë`_mnZ hmoV hmoVo.
H$moUVmhr e¡j{UH$ H$m`©H«$_ ì`mnH$ ñVamda am~dÊ`mgmR>r ho

53
_yë`_mnZ $ma Amdí`H$ AgVo Am{U EÁ`w{¹$nMo doJionU
Zo_Ho$ `mVM Amho. EÁ`w{¹$nda H$m_ H$aUmao VÁk Am{U gd©
H$_©Mmar dJ© hr WmoS>çm H$mimnwaVr Jw§VdUyH$ ZìhVr. ~rOoEgZo
`m gdmªZm Amnë`m g§ñWoMo H$_©Mmar åhUyZ Zo_bo hmoVo. Ë`m_wio
H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m A§_b~OmdUrda XoIaoI Am{U Ë`mMo
_yë`_mnZ `m H$_©Mmar dJm©ÛmaoM hmoV hmoVo. gmh{OH$M Á`m
H$mhr g_ñ`m `m`À`m Ë`mÀ`mda $ma doi Z XdS>Vm,
H$m`©H«$_m_Üò H$mhr ~Xb H$ê$Z Ë`mda _mV Ho$br OmV hmoVr.
WmoS>Š`mV, gmV dfmªnydu V`ma Ho$bobo H$m`©H«$_ AOyZhr dmnabo
OmV AmhoV, Ago hmoV ZìhVo. ~XbVm H$mi, V§ÌkmZ `mà_mUo
EÁ`w{¹$nhr doimodoir H$mV Q>mH$V hmoVm Am{U Ë`m_wioM Ë`mMo
n[aUm_ gH$mamË_H$ {_iV Jobo.
EÁ`w{¹$nMr n[aUm_H$maH$VmEÁ`w{¹$nMr n[aUm_H$maH$VmEÁ`w{¹$nMr n[aUm_H$maH$VmEÁ`w{¹$nMr n[aUm_H$maH$VmEÁ`w{¹$nMr n[aUm_H$maH$Vm :::::
EÁ`w{¹$n_Üò gdmªV _hÎdmMm H$m`©H«$_ hmoVm, A°H«o${S>Q>oeZ
åhUOo emim§Mo _yë`m§H$Z H$aÊ`mMm. hr à{H«$`m $ma _moR>r
ZgVo. Mma Vo nmM {Xdgm§V EH$m emioMo _yë`m§H$Z H$aUo eŠ`
AgVo Am{U ~rOoEgZo Vo H$ê$Zhr XmIdbo. _yë`m§H$ZmgmR>r
H$mhr {ZH$f R>adbo Jobo Am{U Ë`mZwgma, emim§Mo àJVr nwñVH$
V`ma H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm Cnm` gwMdbo Jobo. `m gd© à{H«$òV
g§ñWmMmbH$, _w»`mÜ`mnH$, {ejH$, {dÚmWu Am{U CnbãY
nm`m^yV gw{dYm `m gdmªgmR>r doJdoJio {ZH$f hmoVo Am{U Ë`mM
H$gmoQ>rda Ë`m§Mo _yë`m§H$Z Pmbo. _yë`m§H$Zm_wio H$m`-H$m`
$m`Xo hmoVmV, Vo AmnU g§jonmZo H$m hmoB©Zm, bjmV KoUo JaOoMo
Amho.
- _yë`m§H$ZmgmR>r R>adÊ`mV Amboë`m {ZH$fm§_Üò emim {H$Vr
_mJo nS>Vo Amho qH$dm A{YH$ Mm§Jbo H$m_ H$aVo Amho, ho
~{KVboOmVAgë`mZo_mJonS>VAgob,VaH$moUË`mJmoï>tV

54
`mMr OmUrd emim§Zm hmoVo.
- ñdm°Q> A°Z{b{gg_wio Amnë`m j_Vm, ÌwQ>r, gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mg
Agboë`m g§Yr Am{U AmìhmZo `m§Mr Zo_H$s OmUrd emim§Zm
hmoVo.
- _yë`m§H$ZmÀ`m à{H«$òV emioer {ZJ{S>V gd© KQ>H$m§er
hmoUmè`m EH${ÌV MM}VyZ AZoH$ ~m~r g_moa òVmV Am{U
Ë`mVyZM g_ñ`m§Mr OmUrd hmoVo.
`m à{H«$òMm {ejU ì`dñWoVrb àËòH$ KQ>H$mbmhr $m`Xm
hmoVmo. Vmo Agm...
- {ejU {d^mJ …- {ejU {d^mJ …- {ejU {d^mJ …- {ejU {d^mJ …- {ejU {d^mJ … amÁ`mVrb emim§Mr Zo_H$s pñWVr bjmV
òVo. Ë`mdê$Z nwT>rb Üò`YmoaUo R>adUo gmono OmVo.
- _w»`mÜ`mnH$ …- _w»`mÜ`mnH$ …- _w»`mÜ`mnH$ …- _w»`mÜ`mnH$ …- _w»`mÜ`mnH$ … _yë`m§H$Z à{H«$òXaå`mZ ÌwQ>r g_Oë`mZo
emioMm à_wI Agbobm _w»`mÜ`mnH$ Am{U {ejH$ `m§Zm
EH$Ì òD$Z {eH$dÊ`mMr à{H«$`m gwYmaÊ`mgmR>r H$mhr
Am_ybmJ« ~Xb H$aVm òVmV.
- nm`m^yV gw{dYm …- nm`m^yV gw{dYm …- nm`m^yV gw{dYm …- nm`m^yV gw{dYm …- nm`m^yV gw{dYm … {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m àJVrgmR>r J«§Wmb`, B_maV,
à`moJemim BË`mXr ^m¡{VH$ gw{dYm§Mm gd©gmYmaU XOm© H$m`
Agmdm, `m~m~V _m{hVr {_iVo.
- {ejH$ …- {ejH$ …- {ejH$ …- {ejH$ …- {ejH$ … {ejUmMm XOm© Mm§Jbm Agboë`m emim§Mo _yë`m§H$Z
gag R>aUma Agë`mMr OmUrd Pmë`mZo {ejH$ A{YH$
Omo_mZo H$m_ H$aVmV.
- {dÚmWu …- {dÚmWu …- {dÚmWu …- {dÚmWu …- {dÚmWu … {dÚmÏ`mªMr e¡j{UH$ àJVrhr _yë`m§H$ZmV _mnbr
OmV Agë`mZo emim§H$Sy>Z {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m àJVrgmR>r nyaH$
Aer ^y{_H$m KoVbr OmVo.
- nmbH …- nmbH …- nmbH …- nmbH …- nmbH … ñdV…Mo _yë`m§H$Z H$ê$Z KoD$Z emim
JwUdÎmmdmT>rgmR>r PQ>Vo Amho, hr ~m~ Ë`m emioV {eH$Umè`m
{dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m nmbH$m§Zmhr {Xbmgm XoUmar R>aVo.

55
EÁ`w{¹$nMr d¡{eîQ>ço :EÁ`w{¹$nMr d¡{eîQ>ço :EÁ`w{¹$nMr d¡{eîQ>ço :EÁ`w{¹$nMr d¡{eîQ>ço :EÁ`w{¹$nMr d¡{eîQ>ço :
- `mVrbgd©H$m`©H«$_g§ñWmH|$[ÐVZgyZ,{dÚm{W©H|$[ÐVAmhoV.
- ho H$m`©H«$_ emioH$S>o gmYZo {H$Vr AmhoV, ho VnmgÊ`mnojm
Ë`m§Mr n[aUm_H$maH$Vm {H$Vr Amho, `mÀ`m narjUmda â
XoVmV.
- ^y{_H$m Ho$di narjUmMr Zmhr, Va Ë`mnwT>o OmD$Z
ghH$m`m©Mr AgVo.
- {ZH$fm§Zm OmJ{VH$ g§X^©
- JwUXmZmnojm {díbofUmË_H$ narjUmbm _hÎd
- AÝd`m§nojm dmñVdmda â A{YH$
- gd}jUmMm Ñ{ï>H$moZ Z R>odVm, S>m°Š`w_|Q>oeZMm R>odbm OmVmo.
(A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma, Jmodm, ZdmoX` {dÚmbò Am{U JwOamV
òWrb emim§V am~{dÊ`mV Amboë`m EÁ`w{¹$n H$m`©H«$_m§Mr Vºo
ñdê$nmVrb_m{hVrAm{UgyMZmAm{U{e$maetMmEH$Vº$m.)
Á`memim§_ÜòEÁ`w{¹$nam~dboJobo,VoWoË`mMmZ¸$sMMm§Jbm
n[aUm_ {XgyZ Ambm. EH$sH$S>o EÁ`w{¹$n `m emim§V am~dbm
OmV AgVmZmÀ`m g§nyU© H$mimV åhUOo gZ 2004 Vo 2011
`mgmVdfmªV^maVrèmbo`{ejUì`dñWoVhrH$mhrAm_ybmJ«
~Xbm§Mr Zm§Xr hmoV hmoVr. gd© {ejm A{^`mZ, {ejU h¸$
H$m`Xm, amï´>r` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m (Z°eZb H$[aŠ`wb_
«$o_dH©$) AmXr _hÎdmÀ`m `moOZm§_YyZ {ejU A{YH$
{dÚm{W©H|$[ÐV H$aÊ`mMm Am{U Ë`mbm OmJ{VH$ g§X^© XoÊ`mMm
à`ËZ gaH$mar nmVirdahr gwê$ Pmbm, Á`mMr à{H«$`m AmOhr
gwê$ Amho. Ë`m_wio EÁ`w{¹$nZohr doimodoir H$mV Q>mH$Uo JaOoMo
hmoVo. _Kmer åhQ>ë`mà_mUo ~rOoEgZo EÁ`w{¹$ngmR>r ñdV§Ì
H$_©Mmar dJ©M Zo_bobm Agë`mZo g§emoYZmMr Am{U Ë`mZwgma
~Xb H$aÊ`mMr à{H«$`m gmVË`mZo gwê$ hmoVrM, nU EH$m
Q>ßß`mda _wWm Am{U Ë`m§À`m gd© Q>r_bm Ago dmQ>bo, H$s AmnU

56
am~dV Agboë`m gd© à{H«$òMm Am{U _wimVrb
AmamIS>çmMmhro$aAmT>mdm¿`m`bmhdm.Ë`mZwgma,gZ2011
_Üò hm AmT>mdm KoÊ`mg gwédmV Pmbr.
EÁ`w{¹$n AmVmn`ªV gw_mao 4000 emim§V èñdrnUo am~dbm
Jobm Agbm, Var emim§À`m ì`{º$_ÎdmZwgma Ë`mV H$mhr ~Xb
H$amdo bmJV hmoVo. o$aAmT>mdm KoVmZm C{Ôï> R>odÊ`mV Ambo, Vo
EH$M gdªH$f H$m`©H«$_ V`ma H$aÊ`mMo, Omo H$moUË`mhr emioV
bmJy hmoD$ eHo$b. hm H$m`©H«$_ Zì`m H$mimMr AmìhmZo nobUmamhr
AgUo JaOoMo hmoVo. AmT>mì`mÀ`m `m à{H«$òV _wWm `m§À`m bjmV
Ambo, H$s EÁ`w{¹$n_Yrb _yë`m§H$Z Am{U {ejH$ à{ejU ho
XmoZ H$m`©H«$_ gdm©{YH$ à^mdr AmhoV. _wimV ho XmoZ H$m`©H«$_
am~dyZ gw_mao 99 Q>ŠŠ`m§n`ªV ~Xb KS>dUo eŠ` Amho. Ë`m_wio
EÁ`w{¹$nMm hm AZw^d JmR>rer Yê$Z Zì`m H$m`©H«$_mV
EÁ`w{¹$nÀ`m nmoVS>rVyZ _yë`m§H$Z Am{U {ejH$ à{ejU ho
XmoZ H$m`©H«$_ ~mhoa H$mTy>Z Vo Zì`m ê$nmV V`ma H$am`Mo R>abo.
EÁ`w{¹$nMo H$m`©H«$_ àm`mo{JH$ ñVamda am~dbo Agë`mZo
Ë`mMr A§_b~OmdUr H$aVm òVo, ho _mhrV hmoVo. AmVm
o$aaMZoMm AmUIr EH$ CÔoe hmoVm, Vmo `m à`moJm§V g_moa
Amboë`m {ZîH$fmªda H$m_ H$ê$Z H$m`©H«$_ A{YH$
n[aUm_H$maH$ ~ZdÊ`mMm. hr gd© C{Ôï>o bjmV KoD$Z
~rOoEgMr Q>r_ nwÝhm EH$Xm H$m_mbm bmJbr Am{U
_yë`m§H$ZmMm H$m`©H«$_ V`ma Ho$bm Jobm, Á`mMo Zmd hmoVo
~rOoEg ñHy$b A°gog_o§Q> A±S> A°H«o${S>Q>oeZ (~rOoEg EgEE).

57
11. embo` JwUdÎmoMr Zdr H$gmoQ>r11. embo` JwUdÎmoMr Zdr H$gmoQ>r11. embo` JwUdÎmoMr Zdr H$gmoQ>r11. embo` JwUdÎmoMr Zdr H$gmoQ>r11. embo` JwUdÎmoMr Zdr H$gmoQ>r
~rOoEg EgEE :~rOoEg EgEE :~rOoEg EgEE :~rOoEg EgEE :~rOoEg EgEE :
~rOoEgMm Zdm _yë`m§H$Z H$m`©H«$_ g_OyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r AmYr
Ë`m_mJMo VÎdkmZ g_OyZ KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. JwUdÎmm hr
EH$ gH$mamË_H$ g§H$ënZm AgyZ, AW©nyU© Jw§VdUyH$ Am{U
`mo½` aMZoÛmao Vr gmÜ` H$aVm òVo. {Z`moOZ, A§_b~OmdUr,
narjU Am{U {ZU©` `m ì`dñWoÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ à{H«$`m,
CËnmXZo Am{U godm `m KQ>H$m§_Üò J«mhH$ H|$[ÐV Ñ{ï>H$moZ R>odyZ
gmVË`mZo gwYmaUm H$aV amhUo ho JwUdÎmoÀ`m àdmgmMo
ì`dÀN>oXH$ bjU g_Obo OmVo. JwUdÎmm hm àmJ{VH$ KQ>H$
AgyZ, à_mUmÀ`m {eS>rZwgma, Vmo EH$m nmàrdê$Z Xþgè`m
nmàrda OmV AgVmo.
~rOoEgMm _yë`m§H$Z H$m`©H«$_ darb VÎdkmZmÀ`m nm`mda
C^m am{hbm Amho. `m_Üò dëS>© {S>ŠbaoeZ Am°Z EÁ`wHo$eZ
$m°a Am°b, {ejU h¸$ H$m`Xm, amï´>r` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m,
gd© {ejm A{^`mZ, gr~rEgB©Mo Cn{dYr, grgrB©, e¡j{UH$

58
_mZgemó, B§Q>aZ°eZb dH©$ J«wn A°J«r_|Q> ({ejU joÌmVrb
AmÈgAmo 9001…2000 g{Q>©{$Ho$eZMr _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo),
JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZmMr VÎdo AmXr Jmoï>tMm gmH$ë`mZo {dMma
Ho$bm Jobm Amho.
~rOoEg EgEE_Üò embo` ì`dñWoMr AmamIS>m Am{U à{H«$`m
Aem XmoZ ^mJm§V {d^mJUr H$ê$Z _yë`m§H$ZmMr à{H«$`m
am~dbr OmVo.
AmamIS>m …AmamIS>m …AmamIS>m …AmamIS>m …AmamIS>m … `m ^mJmV Imbrb KQ>H$ Am{U CnKQ>H$m§Mm
g_mdoe hmoVmo.
- nm`m^yV gw{dYm -- nm`m^yV gw{dYm -- nm`m^yV gw{dYm -- nm`m^yV gw{dYm -- nm`m^yV gw{dYm - B_maV, Amdma, ${Z©Ma, e¡j{UH$
gm{hË`, nmUr, gm§S>nmUr {ZMam ì`dñWm Am{U BVa _yb^yV
gw{dYm.
- e¡j{UH$ gw{dYm -- e¡j{UH$ gw{dYm -- e¡j{UH$ gw{dYm -- e¡j{UH$ gw{dYm -- e¡j{UH$ gw{dYm - J«§Wmb`, à`moJemim, V§ÌkmZ Am{U
gwajm ì`dñWm.
- _Zwî`~i -- _Zwî`~i -- _Zwî`~i -- _Zwî`~i -- _Zwî`~i - {ejH$ Am{U {ejHo$Va H$_©Mmar.
à{H«$`m …à{H«$`m …à{H«$`m …à{H«$`m …à{H«$`m … `m ^mJmV Imbrb KQ>H$ Am{U CnKQ>H$m§Mm g_mdoe
hmoVmo.
- ì`dñWmnZ -- ì`dñWmnZ -- ì`dñWmnZ -- ì`dñWmnZ -- ì`dñWmnZ - àemgZ.
- emim -- emim -- emim -- emim -- emim - àemgZ Am{U ZoV¥Ëd.
- dJ©Imoë`m- dJ©Imoë`m- dJ©Imoë`m- dJ©Imoë`m- dJ©Imoë`m - {ejU-J«hU (Q>rqMJ-b{ZªJ) nÕV.
AmamIS>m Am{U à{H«$`m ho XmoZ ñdV§Ì ^mJ Agë`mZo XmoÝhtMo
{ZH$f doJdoJio AmhoV. AmamIS>çm_Üò emioVrb ^m¡{VH$
gw{dYm§Mm{dMmaHo$bmJobmAmho,Vaà{H«$ò_ÜòAgbobo{ZH$f
emioÀ`m e¡j{UH$ àJVrer {ZJ{S>V AmhoV. `mMm AW© emioMr
JwUdÎmmàm_w»`mZo^m¡{VH$gw{dYm§nojmhre¡j{UH$H$m_H$mOmda
A{YH$ Adb§~yZ Amho. Ho$di MH$mMH$, XoIÊ`m B_maVr qH$dm
BVa gw{dYm§À`m Omoamda emioMm XOm© CÎm_ R>aV Zmhr. `mMm

59
AW© ^m¡{VH$ gw{dYm JaOoÀ`m ZmhrV, Ago Zmhr, Va e¡j{UH$
àJVrgmR>r Ë`mMm {H$Vr à^mdr dmna hmoVmo ho _hÎdmMo Amho.
CXmhaUmW©, emiobm Mm§Jbo ZoV¥Ëd Agob qH$dm CÎm_ {ejH$
AgVrb, Va VoWrb gw{dYm A{YH$ n[aUm_H$maH$ nÕVrZo
dmnaë`m OmVrb.
Voìhm à{H«$òda â Úm`Mm Agë`mZo Ë`mVrb àemgZ, ZoV¥Ëd
Am{U {ejU-J«hU nÕV `m ~m~r _w»` _yë`m§H$Z ~m~r åhUyZ
{ZdS>Ê`mV Amë`m AmhoV.
ho R>adë`mZ§Va àm{V{Z{YH$ {ZH$f R>adÊ`mgmR>r H$mhr
_mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo {ZpíMV H$aÊ`mV Ambr.
- H$m_H$mOmVrb d¡{eîQ>ço Am{U O~m~Xmè`m.
- JwUdÎmoda n[aUm_ H$aUmao CnH«$_.
- gmVË`nyU© gwYmaUogmR>r A§VJ©V {Z`§ÌUmV AgUmao KQ>H$.
darb _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdm§Zm AZoH$ Am`m_ Agy eH$VmV. _mÌ,
Ë`mVrb dñVw{Zð> Am{U {ZarjUj_ Am`m_ _yë`m§H$ZmgmR>r
_mZH$ åhUyZ {ZdS>bo OmD$ eH$VmV. ho _mZH$ _moOVm
òÊ`mgmaIo Am{U nS>VmiUr H$aÊ`mOmoJo AgVmV.
_yë`m§H$ZmMr n_yë`m§H$ZmMr n_yë`m§H$ZmMr n_yë`m§H$ZmMr n_yë`m§H$ZmMr nÕV :ÕV :ÕV :ÕV :ÕV :
_yë`m§H$ZmMr H$moUVr nÕV dmnam`Mr `mda AmYm[aV ~rOoEg
EgEEMr XmoZ ñdV§Ì àméno AmhoV. XmoÝhr àmê$nm§_Üò _yë`m§H$Z
H$aUmao VrZ àdJ© AmhoV. Ë`mVrb EH$ åhUOo emioer {ZJ{S>V
ì`º$s, ~rOoEgZo à_m{UV Ho$bobo VÁk Am{U Xþgè`m emioVrb
ì`º$s (hm àdJ© d¡H$pënH$ Amho. Vmo dmnam`bmM hdm, Ago
Zmhr). n{hë`m àmê$nm_Üò emioÀ`m ~mOyÀ`m
_yë`m§H$ZH$Ë`mªZm EH$ àíZmdbr {Xbr OmVo. Ë`mZwgma, Vo
emioVrb^m¡{VH$gw{dYmAm{Ue¡j{UH$àJVr`mXmoÝhr^mJm§Mo

60
ñd`§_yë`m§§H$Z H$aVmV. ho _yë`m§H$Z Pmë`mZ§Va ~rOoEgZo
à_m{UV Ho$bobo VÁk CnbãY _m{hVr, emioVrb gd© KQ>H$m§er
g§dmX Am{U d¡`{º$H$ {ZarjUo `mda AmYm[aV ñdV§Ì _yë`m§H$Z
H$aVmV. Xþgè`m àH$maÀ`m àmê$nm_Üò ñd`§_yë`m§H$ZmMm ^mJ
åhUyZ emioer g§~§{YV KQ>H$ EImÚm Ano{jV CnH«$_mMo
_yë`_mnZ {Xboë`m {ZH$fm§V ~gdyZ H$aVmV, Va ~rOoEgMo
VÁk hoM _yë`_mnZ àË`j CnH«$_ nmhÿZ 0 Vo 4 À`m
_moOnÅ>rda JwU XoD$Z H$aVmV.
{ejU h¸$ H$m`ÚmZo R>adyZ {Xboë`m {ZH$fm§Mo nmbZ emim
H$aVo H$m, `mMohr `m XmoÝhr àmê$nm§_Üò narjU hmoVo.
Ë`mMà_mUo XmoÝhr àmê$nm§_Üò emioer g§~§{YV KQ>H$ `m
_yë`m§H$Zm~m~V {H$Vr g_mYmZr AmhoV, `mMr nmhUr Ho$br
OmVo. Ë`mgmR>r `m KQ>H$m§Zm EH$ {dñV¥V àíZmdbr {Xbr OmVo.
ñd`§_yë`m§H$Z Am{U VÁkm§Ûmao _yë`m§H$Z Pmë`mda {_imboë`m
gd© _m{hVrMo {díbofU Ho$bo OmVo Am{U gÜ`m JwUdÎmoMr nmVir
H$m` Amho, H$moUË`m ~m~t_Üò gwYmaUm Amdí`H$ AmhoV, Ë`mV
àmYmÝ` H$embm hdo `m Jmoï>r gm§{JVë`m OmVmV. Ë`mMà_mUo
XmofXe©Zmda Z Wm§~Vm gwYmaUm H$em H$aVm òVrb, `mMm H¥$Vr
AmamIS>mhr gwMdbm OmVmo.
~rOoEg EgEEMo Ahdmb~rOoEg EgEEMo Ahdmb~rOoEg EgEEMo Ahdmb~rOoEg EgEEMo Ahdmb~rOoEg EgEEMo Ahdmb :::::
~rOoEg EgEE `m _yë`m§H$Z nÕVr_Üò {ÌñVar` Ahdmb
V`ma Ho$bo OmVmV. ho Ahdmb H$moUË`m KQ>H$m§Zm H$go Cn`moJr
nS>VmV, Vo WmoS>Š`mV nmhÿ.
emim§gmR>r Ahdmb …emim§gmR>r Ahdmb …emim§gmR>r Ahdmb …emim§gmR>r Ahdmb …emim§gmR>r Ahdmb … `m Ahdmbm_Üò emioMr àemgZ, ZoV¥Ëd
Am{U {ejU-J«hU nÕVr `m à{H«$`m§_Yrb EHy$U H$m_{JarMo
ì`mnH$ {MÌ aoImQ>bo OmVo. emioV CnbãY Agboë`m nm`m^yV
gw{dYm§À`m AmYmao {VMo nmMn¡H$s EH$m dJm©V dJuH$aU Ho$bo

61
OmVo. gwYmaUogmR>r H$m` Amdí`H$ Amho, hohr `mV AYmoao{IV
Ho$bo OmVo. Ë`mMà_mUo _Kmer åhQ>ë`mà_mUo XmofXe©Zmda Z
Wm§~VmgwYmaUmH$aÊ`mgmR>rH$m`nmdboCMbbrOm`bmhdrV,
`m~m~Vg§ñWmMmbH$,ì`dñWmnZ,_w»`mÜ`mnH$,{ejH$Aem
gd© nmVù`m§da gyMZm {Xë`m OmVmV. `m gyMZm AemM
AgVmV, Á`m§Mr A§_b~OmdUr H$moUË`mhr gaH$mar
AmXoem{edm` emioÀ`m nmVirdaM Ho$br OmD$ eH$Vo.
{Oëhm qH$dm JQ>ñVar` Ahdmb …{Oëhm qH$dm JQ>ñVar` Ahdmb …{Oëhm qH$dm JQ>ñVar` Ahdmb …{Oëhm qH$dm JQ>ñVar` Ahdmb …{Oëhm qH$dm JQ>ñVar` Ahdmb … hm Ahdmb {Oëhm
{ejUm{YH$mar, JQ> {ejUm{YH$mar, {ejU _§S>i Aem
ñVam§darb A{YH$mè`m§gmR>r AgVmo. `m_Üò g§nyU© {OëømVrb
emim§Mr H$m_{Jar H$er Amho, Ë`mMo {MÌ AgVo. `m_Üòhr
H$moR>ogwYmaUmAmdí`H$AmhoV,`mMr_m{hVrAgVo.Á`mAmYmao
{ZYr H$moR>o Úm`bm hdm, {ejH$ à{ejU H$moR>o JaOoMo Amho
AmXr ~m~tda {ZU©` KoVm òB©b, Aem H$mhr Cnm“moOZm `m
AhdmbmV gwMdë`m OmVmV.
amÁ`ñVar` Ahdmb … amÁ`ñVar` Ahdmbm_Üòhr
_yë`m§H$ZmÀ`m _yb^yV ~m~r gma»`mM AgVmV. $º$ VoWo nyU©
amÁ`mMo {MÌ aoImQ>bo OmVo. amÁ` nmVirdarb g§ñWm§Zm {ZYr
Am{U {dH$mg AmamIS>m V`ma H$aUo eŠ` ìhmdo, Aem Ñï>rZo
Ho$boë`m gyMZm§Mm `m AhdmbmV g_mdoe AgVmo.
~rOoEg EgEEMr d¡{eîQ>ço :~rOoEg EgEEMr d¡{eîQ>ço :~rOoEg EgEEMr d¡{eîQ>ço :~rOoEg EgEEMr d¡{eîQ>ço :~rOoEg EgEEMr d¡{eîQ>ço :
~rOoEg EgEEMr aMZm Am{U Ë`m_mJMo VÎdkmZ g_OyZ
KoVmZm_wimV~rOoEgZohmH$m`©H«$_V`maH$aÊ`m_mJMoH$maU
H$m`, hohr {dñVmamZo g_OyZ ¿`m`bm hdo. emim§Mr JwUdÎmmdmT>
hm CÔoe R>odyZ EÁ`w{¹$nMr {Z{_©Vr Pmbr Am{U ~rOoEg EgEE
hm Ë`mMmM nwT>Mm ^mJ hmoVm, ho Iao Agbo, Var ~rOoEg
EgEEMm Ñ{ï>H$moZ A{YH$ ì`mnH$ Amho. EÁ`w{¹$n V`ma

62
H$aVmZm Vmo WoQ> emim§_Üò am~dÊ`mMr ^y{_H$m hmoVr, Va
~rOoEg EgEE V`ma H$aVmZm Ë`mV g§nyU© embo` {ejU
ì`dñWoMo {d{dY H§$Jmoao bjmV KoVbo AmhoV. åhUOo emim§À`m
JwUdÎmmdmT>rnwaVo _`m©{XV Z amhVm AmVm nyU© ì`dñWo_Üò ~Xb
H$aÊ`mMr ^y{_H$m ~rOoEg EgEEMr {Z{_©Vr_mJo Amho.
åhUyZM _yë`m§H$ZmMo Ahdmb Ho$di embo` nmVirda Z amhVm,
Vo {Oëhm Am{U amÁ` nmVirdarb `§ÌUm§gmR>r ñdV§ÌnUo V`ma
H$aÊ`mMr ì`dñWm ~rOoEg EgEE_Üò H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho.
WmoS>Š`mV, ~rOoEg EgEEMr aMZm H$aVmZm, Vmo gaH$mar
ì`dñWo_Üòhr MnIb ~gdVm òD$ eHo$b, Aem nÕVrZo
H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho.
`m {R>H$mUr gmh{OH$M H$moUmbmhr àíZ nS>ob, H$s _yë`m§H$ZmMo
Ago à`ËZ gaH$mar nmVirda Pmbo qH$dm hmoVM ZmhrV H$m
Am{U Pmbo AgVrb, Va Ë`mMo Zo_Ho$ n[aUm_ H$m` AmhoV?
~rOoEgZo Amnbm H$m`©H«$_ V`ma H$aÊ`mnydu `m ~m~tMmhr
Aä`mg Ho$bm hmoVm. `m Aä`mgmVyZ Ago g_moa Ambo, H$s
Am§Vaamï´>r` nmVirda emim§À`m _yë`m§H$ZmMo AZoH$ à`ËZ
Pmbo Agbo, Var ^maVmV _mÌ `mbm åhUmdo {VVHo$ àmYmÝ`
{Xbo Jobobo Zmhr. YmoaUH$Ë`mªZm _yë`m§H$ZmMr ì`dñWm {Z_m©U
H$am`Mr Va Amho, nU Ë`m_Üò $maer àJVr Pmbobr Zmhr.
hr àJVr Z hmoÊ`m_mJo H$mhr H$maUo AmhoV, Vr Aer …
- embo` {ejU hm amÁ`m§À`m AIË`m[aVrb {df` Agë`mZo
Ë`mda H$moUË`mhr H|$Ðr` `§ÌUoMo {Z`§ÌU Zmhr. `mCbQ>
Cƒ{ejUmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r {dÚmnrR> AZwXmZ Am`moJ
(`yOrgr)hrH|$Ðr`g§ñWmApñVËdmVAmho.XoemVrbH$m°boOog
Am{U {dÚmnrR>m§Mo _yë`m§H$Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r Z°eZb A°gog_|Q>
A±S> A°H«o${S>Q>oeZ H$m¡pÝgbMr (Z°H$) ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr

63
Amho. Z°H$Zo Ho$boë`m _yë`m§H$ZmÀ`m AmYmao `yOrgr AZwXmZ
XoVo. embo` {ejUmV Aer ì`dñWm Zmhr.
- embo` {ejU hm amÁ` gaH$mam§À`m AIË`m[aVrb {df`
Agbm, Var amÁ`m§H$S>o _yë`m§H$Z ì`dñWm {Z_m©U
H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ VÁkVm Am{U Vm§{ÌH$ kmZ CnbãY
Zmhr. emim§À`m VnmgUrgmR>r AOyZhr BÝñnoŠeZ ZmdmMm
OwZm §$S>mM gwê$ Amho. `m_Üò OmñV â nm`m^yV gw{dYm
VnmgÊ`mdaM AgyZ, n`©dojH$ EImÚm dJm©bm ôQ> XoD$Z
Ë`mZwgma emioMo _yë`_mnZ H$aVmo. åhUOoM e¡j{UH$
àJVrMo _yë`_mnZ ì`[º$gmnoj Amho.
- `m _`m©Xm§À`m OmoS>rbm emim§Mr _moR>r g§»`m Am{U Ë`m_wio
n`©dojUmgmR>rdmT>UmamIM©Am{Udoi`m_`m©XmhrAmhoVM.
emim§À`m _yë`m§H$ZmgmR>r ¹$m{bQ>r H$m¡pÝgb Am°$ B§{S>`mMm
EH$ {d^mJ åhUyZ Z°eZb A°H«o${S>Q>oeZ ~moS>© $m°a EÁ`wHo$eZ
A±S> Q´>oqZJMr (Z°~oQ>) ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. gßQ>|~a
2008 _Üò Z°~oQ>Zo Amnbo embo` _yë`m§H$ZmMo {ZH$f Zì`mZo
Omar Ho$bo. hr H|$Ðr` ñVamdarb g§ñWm Agbr, Var nwÝhm
embo` {ejU amÁ`m§À`m AIË`m[aVrb {df` Agë`mZo
$maM WmoS>çm amÁ`m§Zr Z°~oQ>H$Sy>Z emim§Mo _yë`m§H$Z H$ê$Z
KoVbo.AmVmn`ªVXoemVrbHo$di25emim§MoZ°~oQ>Zo_yë`m§H$Z
Ho$bo.
_yë`m§H$Z Ho$boë`m emim§Mr g§»`m Ho$di 25 AgÊ`mMo H$maU
_Kmer Z_yX Ho$boë`m _`m©Xm hoM Amho. CXmhaUM Úm`Mo,
Va Z°~oQ>Mo _yë`m§H$ZmMo ewëH$ 500 qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ H$_r
{dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m emiogmR>r dm{f©H$ 1.2 bmI énò, Va 5000
n`ªV {dÚmWu Agboë`m emim§gmR>r dm{f©H$ 2.65 bmI énò
BVHo$ Amho. `m_Üò VÁk g„mJmamMo ewëH$ Yabobo Zmhr,

64
Omo Zo_Uo Z°~oQ>À`m _yë`m§H$ZmgmR>r nyd©AQ> Amho. EdT>m IM©
H$ê$Z Z°~oQ>Mo _yë`m§H$Z 4 df}M J«mø Yabo OmVo. åhUOo
Ë`mZ§Va nwZ_y©ë`m§H$ZmMr à{H«$`m H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. AmVm
XoeâmVgw_mao13bmIemimAgyZ,Ë`mVrb80Q>ŠŠ`m§hÿZ
A{YH$ gaH$mar qH$dm gaH$mar AZwXm{ZV AmhoV. Ë`m_wio
Ë`m§Zm hm IM© nadS>Umam Zmhr.
AZw^dmMr {eXmoar …AZw^dmMr {eXmoar …AZw^dmMr {eXmoar …AZw^dmMr {eXmoar …AZw^dmMr {eXmoar … ~rOoEgZo Amnbm _yë`m§H$Z V`ma
H$aVmZm `m gd© _`m©Xm§da _mV H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho.
Ë`m_wioM `m _yë`m§H$Z à{H«$òV doioMr nÕVera AmIUr,
Vm§{ÌH$ Hw$ebVm Am{U _m¡{bH$ VÁk g„m `m JwUd¡{eîQ>çm§Mm
g_mdoe Ho$bm Jobm Amho. ~rOoEgZo EÁ`w{¹$nÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
6 dfmªV XoeâmVrb 4000 hÿZ A{YH$ emim§Mo _yë`m§H$Z Ho$bo
Agë`mZo _yë`m§H$ZmMm AZw^d JmR>rer AgUo, ho _moR>o nmR>~i
`m H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m {Z{_©Vr_mJo Amho.
VÁk _Zwî`~i …VÁk _Zwî`~i …VÁk _Zwî`~i …VÁk _Zwî`~i …VÁk _Zwî`~i … AmYr åhQ>ë`mà_mUo EÁ`w{¹$nMm ì`mnH$
o$aAmT>mdm KoD$ZM ~rOoEg EgEEMr {Z{_©Vr Pmbr. Ë`m_wio
AmYrÀ`m H$m`©H«$_mnojm A{YH$ CÎm_ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ `m_Üò
Pmbm Amho. `mgmR>r bmJUmao _Zwî`~ihr ~rOoEgZo Cô Ho$bo.
`m_Üòembo`{ejUì`dñWoerg§~§{YVAZw^drAm{UVÁkm§Mm
g_mdoe hmoVm. _mOr {ejU g§MmbH$, ¹$m{bQ>r _°ZoO_|Q> VÁk,
{ejUVÁk, g§emoYH$ AmXr _mÝ`da ~rOoEg EgEEÀ`m
{Z{_©Vrà{H«$òV gh^mJr hmoVo. `m{edm` ~rOoEgZo
{ejUVÁkm§Mr amï´>r` nmVirda EH$ g{_Vr Zo_br Amho, Á`mV
EZgrB©AmaQ>r Am{U EZ`yB©nrEgma»`m g§ñWm§Vrb {ejUVÁk
Am{Ug§»`memómVrbVÁkm§Mmg_mdoeAmho.hrg{_VràËòH$
Q>ßß`mda ~rOoEg EgEEÀ`m aMZoMm AmT>mdm KoVo. àm`mo{JH$
ñVamda ~rOoEg EgEEMr A§_b~OmdUr Jmodm, _hmamï´> Am{U

65
JwOamV_Yrb doJdoJù`m ~moS>mªer g§b¾ H$mhr {ZdS>H$ emim§V
Ho$br Jobr Amho.
~rOoEg EgEEMr A§_b~OmdUr :~rOoEg EgEEMr A§_b~OmdUr :~rOoEg EgEEMr A§_b~OmdUr :~rOoEg EgEEMr A§_b~OmdUr :~rOoEg EgEEMr A§_b~OmdUr :
~rOoEg EgEEMo AmUIr EH$ d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo hm _yë`m§H$Z
H$m`©H«$_ VrZ nÕVtZr am~dVm òVmo. emim§Zm àËòH$ doir nyU©
H$m`©H«$_ am~dUo eŠ` hmoV Zmhr. Aem doir Vmo H$mhr ^mJm§V
am~dUo eŠ` ìhmdo, `mgmR>r ho VrZ n`m©` V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambo
AmhoV.
nyU© H$m`©H«$_ am~dUo …nyU© H$m`©H«$_ am~dUo …nyU© H$m`©H«$_ am~dUo …nyU© H$m`©H«$_ am~dUo …nyU© H$m`©H«$_ am~dUo … ~rOoEg EgEEMr XmoZ àmê$no am~dVm
òVmV, ho AmnU _mJo ~{KVboM Amho. `m_Üò {d{dY {ZH$fm§da
emioVrb nm`m^yV gw{dYm Am{U e¡j{UH$ àJVrMo _yë`m§H$Z
Ho$bo OmVo. Ë`mMo {ÌñVar` _yë`m§H$Z Ahdmb embo`, {Oëhm
Am{U amÁ` `m VrZ nmVù`m§darb KQ>H$m§gmR>r V`ma Ho$bo
OmVmV. `m_wio embo` nmVirda gwYmaUm H$aVm òVmVM, nU
OmoS>rZo YmoaUmË_H$ {ZU©` KoUohr gmono OmVo.
H$m`©H«$_mV ~Xb H$ê$Z am~dUo …H$m`©H«$_mV ~Xb H$ê$Z am~dUo …H$m`©H«$_mV ~Xb H$ê$Z am~dUo …H$m`©H«$_mV ~Xb H$ê$Z am~dUo …H$m`©H«$_mV ~Xb H$ê$Z am~dUo … amÁ` qH$dm {Oëhm
nmVirda {ZU©`à{H«$òV g_m{dï> AgUmè`m KQ>H$m§Mo Ë`m§À`m
H$m`©joÌmVAgboë`memim§À`mJwUdÎmmdmT>rg§X^m©VH$mhrdoJio
Ñ{ï>H$moZAgyeH$VmV.Ë`m§Zm~rOoEgEgEEMmg§nyU©H$m`©H«$_
am~dUo H$Xm{MV Ë`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmV ~gUmao Zgy eH$Vo. Aem
doir ~rOoEg EgEE Ë`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmbm nyaH$ R>aob, Aem nÕVrZo
am~dVm òUo eŠ` Amho. Ë`mgmR>r Imbrb ~m~tMm Aä`mg
H$ê$Z ~rOoEg Amnë`m EgEE H$m`©H«$_mV Ë`mZwgma gwYmaUm
H$ê$Z XoD$ eH$Vo.
- Ñ{ï>H$moZmÀ`m Amdí`H$Vm g_OyZ KoUo
- Zo_Š`m ÌwQ>tMo {díbofU
- gwYm[aV _yë`m§H$Z H$m`©H«$_mMo g§H$ën {MÌ V`ma H$aUo

66
- `m g§H$ënZm§Mm YmoaUH$Ë`mªZr AmT>mdm KoUo
- Ë`mZwgma, H$m`©H«$_mVrb Ano{jV ~Xb {ZpíMV H$aUo
- o$aAmT>mdm KoD$Z H$m`©H«$_mbm A§{V_ _mÝ`Vm {_idUo
`mnÕVrMod¡{eîQ>çAgo,H$sHo$diXmoZ_{hÝ`m§À`mH$mbmdYrV
~rOoEg EgEEMo {ZU©`à{H«$òVrb KQ>H$m§Zm Ano{jV gwYm[aV
ñdê$n V`ma Ho$bo OmD$ eH$Vo Am{U Ë`mMr VmVS>rZo
A§_b~OmdUrhr gwê$ H$aVm òVo.
g§nyU©nUo Zdm H$m`©H«$_ V`ma H$aUo …g§nyU©nUo Zdm H$m`©H«$_ V`ma H$aUo …g§nyU©nUo Zdm H$m`©H«$_ V`ma H$aUo …g§nyU©nUo Zdm H$m`©H«$_ V`ma H$aUo …g§nyU©nUo Zdm H$m`©H«$_ V`ma H$aUo … EImÚm YmoaUH$Ë`m©bm
Amho Ë`mnojm g§nyU©nUo Zdm H$m`©H«$_ V`ma H$amdm, Ago dmQ>V
Agob, Va Ë`mMr Vr JaOhr ~rOoEg ^mJdy eH$Vo. WmoS>Š`mV,
~rOoEg EgEEEodOr g§nyU©nUo doJim H$m`©H«$_ V`ma H$ê$Z
Vmohr am~dbm OmD$ eH$Vmo. AWm©V, nwÝhm Zì`mZo H$m`©H«$_mMr
aMZm H$aÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmam H$mbmdYr _moR>m Agy eH$Vmo.
`m{VÝhrnÕVtgmR>r~rOoEgH$m`àH$maMoghH$m`©H$ê$eH$Vo,
`mMmhr {dMma Ho$bm Jobm Amho.
- ^mJrXmarÀ`m CnbãY VrZ nÕVtn¡H$r Or nÕV dmnam`Mr
Agob, Ë`mZwgma _yë`m§H$ZmMm AmamIS>m ~rOoEgV}$ {Xbm
OmVmo. Ë`m OmoS>rZo A§_b~OmdUrMr H$m`©nÕVr Am{U
_yë`m§H$Z gmYZohr nwadbr OmVmV.
- _yë`m§H$ZmÀ`m nÕVr_Üò {d{dY {ZH$fm§da emim§Mo
_yë`_mnZ H$aÊ`mV òVo. `m {ZH$fm§Mo _hÎd emioÀ`m g§nyU©
ì`dñWoV doJio Amho. `m {ZH$fm§da Ho$bobo _yë`m§H$Z loUr§À`m
ñdê$nmV _m§S>Ê`mgmR>r H$mhr AmH$S>o_moS> H$aÊ`mMr JaO
AgVo.Ë`mgmR>rAmdí`H$gm°âQ>doAahr~rOoEgV}${XboOmVo.
`mMo d¡{eîQ>ç Ago, H$s darb VrZn¡H$s H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr
^mJrXmar H$ê$Z emim§Zr _yë`_mnZ Ho$bo, Var Ë`mgmR>r ho
gm°âQ>doAa bmJy hmoD$ eH$Vo.

67
- _yë`m§H$ZmMo Ahdmb ñdê$nmV S>m°Š`w_|Q>oeZ H$aUohr JaOoMo
AgVo. Ago S>m°Š`w_|Q>oeZ H$aÊ`mMo H$m¡eë`hr ~rOoEgH$S>o
Agë`mZo Mm§Jë`m ñdê$nmVrb g§nm{XV Ahdmb V`ma
hmoVmV. YmoaUH$Ë`mªZm Ho$boë`m _yë`m§H$Zm~m~V Zo_H$s
H$ënZm òÊ`mgmR>r ho Ahdmb Cn`moJr R>aVmV.
Q>opñQ>¨J Q>mB_ :Q>opñQ>¨J Q>mB_ :Q>opñQ>¨J Q>mB_ :Q>opñQ>¨J Q>mB_ :Q>opñQ>¨J Q>mB_ :
~rOoEg EgEEMr {Z{_©Vr Ho$ë`mda hm H$m`©H«$_ H$mhr
emim§_Üò àm`mo{JH$ ñVamda am~dbm OmV Agë`mMm C„oI
AmYr Ho$bmM Amho. nU `m H$m`©H«$_mbm {_imbobr EH$
_hÎdmMr em~mgH$sMr Wmn Am{U Ë`m_wio `m H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m
g§emoYZ{gÕVoda Pmbobo {e¸$m_moV©~ `m~m~V òWo C„oI
H$am`bmM hdm.
JwOamV_Üò Z_©Xm Am{U ^ê$M `m XmoZ {Oëøm§V EÁ`w{¹$nMr
A§_b~OmdUr Pmbr, ho `mAmYr Z_yX Ho$boboM Amho. `mM
Xaå`mZ ~rOoEg EgEEMr {Z{_©Vr hmoV hmoVr. `moJm`moJmZo
EÁ`w{¹$nÀ`m A§_b~OmdUrZ§Va H$mhr H$mimVM JwOamV
gaH$maZo emim§À`m JwUdÎmoV dmT> H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$mhr Am_ybmJ«
nmdbo CMbÊ`mMo R>adbo. Ë`mgmR>r emim§Mo _yë`m§H$Z
H$aÊ`mgmR>r nmdbo CMbbr Jobr. `m à{H«$ògmR>r WoQ> Om{hamV
XoD$Z ImgJr g§ñWm§H$Sy>Z _yë`m§H$Zm~m~VMo àñVmd
_mJ{dÊ`mV Ambo, Á`mMm C„oI EÁ`w{¹$nÀ`m àH$aUmV Ho$bm
Amho. ho àñVmd _w»`V… Imbrb H$maUm§gmR>r _mJdbo Jobo.
- JwOamV ñQ>oQ> ¹$m{bQ>r A°gog_|Q> A±S> A°H«o${S>Q>oeZgmR>r
(OrEgŠ`yEEgr) JwUdÎmm Am{U _yë`m§H$Z nÕVr {dH${gV
H$aUo.
-`m_yë`m§H$ZnÕVrZwgmaemim§Mo_yë`m§H$ZH$aVmZm{Z`moOZ
Am{U XoIaoIrgmR>r OrEgŠ`yEEgrbm _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo.

68
ho àñVmd _mJdUo, Ë`m§Mr N>mZZr Am{U {ZdS>rgmR>rMo {ZH$f
ho gd© R>adÊ`mMo H$m_ Ho$nrE_Or `m Am§Vaamï´>r` nmVirdarb
ZmdmOboë`m g„mJma g§ñWobm XoÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo.
àñVmd XoUmè`m gd© g§ñWm§Zm {ZdS>à{H«$òÀ`m _moR>çm {Xì`mVyZ
nwT>o Om`Mo hmoVo. `m_Üò _wimV nmÌVoMo {ZH$f nyU© H$am`Mo
Am{U Ë`mVyZ VmdyZ gwbmIyZ {ZKmë`mZ§Va Vm§{ÌH$ H$gmoQ>çm§da
MmMUr hmoUma hmoVr.
Imbrb _wÔ²`m§da àñVmd XoUmè`m§Zm gmXarH$aU H$am`Mo hmoVo.
- H$m_mÀ`m ì`márMr g_O
- Ñ{ï>H$moZ Am{U H$m`©nÕVr
- _Zwî`~i ì`dñWmnZ
- àH$ën AmamIS>m Am{U H$mbmdYr
`m gd© à{H«$òV ~rOoEgZo ^mJ ¿`m`Mo R>adbo Am{U `m gd©
à{H«$òZ§Va Á`m gmV g§ñWm§Mr A§{V_ o$argmR>r {ZdS> Pmbr,
Ë`mV EH$ ~rOoEg hmoVr. {deof åhUOo `m gmV g§ñWm§_Üò gdmªV
OmñV JwU ho ~rOoEgÀ`m EgEE H$m`©H«$_mbm {_imbo. `m
à{H«$òV Xþgè`m H«$_m§H$mda am{hbobr g§ñWm Am{U n{hë`m
H«$_m§H$mdarb ~rOoEg `m§À`mV $ma _moR>o A§Va hmoVo. (Vº$m
XoUo)
`m à{H«$òV n{hë`m H«$_m§H$mda amhÿZhr ~rOoEgZo ho H$m_
ñdrH$mabo Zmhr. AWm©V, Ë`mbm H$maUohr VerM hmoVr. JwOamV
gaH$maZo Ë`mV Aer AQ> KmVbr hmoVr, H$s {ZdS> Pmboë`m
g§ñWobm Ë`m§Mm _yë`m§H$Z H$m`©H«$_ BVa amÁ`m§V am~dm`Mm
Agob,VaË`mgmR>rJwOamVgaH$maMrnadmZJrKoUoAmdí`H$
amhrb.AernadmZJr{_imë`mZ§VaXþgè`mamÁ`mVam~dboë`m
H$m`©H«$_mMr _hgyb {d^mJUr H$amdr bmJob. _mÌ, _wWm `m§Mm
n{hë`mnmgyZM Ñ{ï>H$moZ Agm hmoVm, H$s EÁ`w{¹$n Agmo dm

69
~rOoEg EgEE, Ë`mMm $m`Xm XoemVrb gd© amÁ`m§Zm ìhm`bm
hdm. {edm` _yë`m§H$ZmÀ`m H$m`©H«$_mMr JaO XoemVrb gd©M
emim§Zm Amho. Ë`m_wio EH$m amÁ`mnwaVo gr{_V amhÿZ MmbUma
Zmhr. gmh{OH$M ~rOoEgbm JwOamV gaH$maMr AQ> _mÝ` hmoUo
eŠ` ZìhVo. n[aUm_r, ~rOoEg `mVyZ ~mhoa nS>bo. AWm©V,
JwOamV_Üò g§Yr {_imbr Zgbr, Var BVa H$mhr emim§V
àm`mo{JH$ ñVamda ~rOoEg EgEE am~dÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ gwê$
AgyZ, Ë`mbm bdH$aM è òB©b.

70
12. YS>m qMVZmMm12. YS>m qMVZmMm12. YS>m qMVZmMm12. YS>m qMVZmMm12. YS>m qMVZmMm
~rOoEgZo åhUOoM n`m©`mZo em§Vrbmb _wWm `m§Zr {ejU joÌmV
nyU©nUo PmoHy$Z XoD$Z Joë`m Xhm dfmªV Oo H$m_ Ho$bo, Vo A{Ve`
_ybJm_r Aem ñdê$nmMo Amho. bmVya ^yH§$nmVrb _wbm§gmR>r gwê$
Ho$boë`m dmKmobrVrb e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZ àH$ënmnmgyZ {ejU
joÌmH$S>o Ë`m§Mm AmoT>m dmT>bm Am{U gZ 2002 nmgyZ Vo `m_Ü`o
nyU©nUo CVabo, ho AmnU nm{hboM Amho. Joë`m Xhm dfmªÀ`m
H$mimV_yë`m§H$ZmÀ`mg§X^m©VOoH$mhrH$m_Ho$bo,VoH$aÊ`mnydu
Am{U H$aV AgVmZm Ë`m_mJo gwê$ Agbobo qMVZ hm IaoVa
`m H$m`©H«$_m§Mm _hÎdmMm Jm^m Amho. emim§Mr JwUdÎmm
dmT>dÊ`mgmR>r EÁ`w{¹$nMr aMZ H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr.
doJdoJù`m {R>H$mUr EÁ`w{¹$n am~dV AgVmZm Ambobo AZw^d
Am{U Ë`mZwgma Ë`mV H$aÊ`mV Ambobo ~Xb ho ì`dñWoMo gd©
Am`m_ bjmV KoD$Z H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo, ho _hÎdmMo. H$moUVmhr
g§emoYZ{gÕ H$m`©H«$_ g¡Õm§{VH$ nmVirda {H$Vrhr AmXe©
dmQ>bm, Var àË`j A§_b~OmdUrV Vmo bdMrH$ Zgob, Va

71
Ano{jV n[aUm_ gmYbm OmV Zmhr, `mMo ^mZ _wWm `m§Zr R>odbo,
ho BWo AmnU bjmV ¿`m`bm hdo. ho gd© ^mZ ì`dñWoÀ`m
Aä`mgmVyZ Am{U Z§Va Ë`m{df`r Ho$boë`m qMVZmVyZ Ambobo
Amho. EÁ`w{¹$n èñdr R>abo Agbo, Var Ë`mMm H$mbmdYr
_`m©{XV hmoVm. H$mhr {R>H$mUr VrZ df}, Va H$mhr {R>H$mUr Vmo
Mma df} am~dbm Jobm. _mÌ, JwUdÎmm hr EH$ gmVË`nyU© à{H«$`m
Amho. JwUdÎmm {_imbr, H$s Vr {Q>H$dÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$aUohr
{VVHo$M _hÎdmMo AgVo. ~rOoEgZo EÁ`w{¹$nZ§Va Zo_H$m hmM
{dMma KoD$Z H$m_ gwê$ Ho$bo. EÁ`w{¹$n hm AWm©VM à`moJ hmoVm.
Ë`m_wio Ë`mVyZ Amboë`m {ZîH$fmªdê$Z nwT>o gwYm[aV H$m`©H«$_
V`ma H$aUo `mMo ^mZ ~rOoEgH$S>o hmoVo.
AmYr Z_yX Ho$ë`mà_mUo, _wWm `m§Zm EÁ`w{¹$nXaå`mZ EH$m
Jmoï>rMrOmUrdPmbrhmoVr,H$sEÁ`w{¹$nÀ`mnmoVS>rVAgboë`m
H$m`©H«$_m§n¡H$s _yë`m§H$Z Am{U {ejH$ à{ejU ho XmoZ H$m`©H«$_
Ago AmhoV, Oo emioÀ`m JwUdÎmoer àH$fm©Zo {ZJ{S>V AmhoV.
Ë`m_wio `m XmoZ H$m`©H«$_m§Mr aMZm XoemVrb gd© emim§_Üò
am~dVm òB©b, Aem nÕVrZo Ho$br, Va Mm§Jbo {ZîH$f© hmVr
bmJy eH$Vrb. AWm©V, ho H$m`©H«$_ V`ma H$aVmZm
EÁ`w{¹$nà_mUo Ë`m§Mm H$mbmdYr R>amdrH$ R>odm`Mm Zmhr, hohr
_wWm `m§Zr OmoIbo hmoVo.

72
1313131313. _yë`m§H$Z H$m`©H«$_. _yë`m§H$Z H$m`©H«$_. _yë`m§H$Z H$m`©H«$_. _yë`m§H$Z H$m`©H«$_. _yë`m§H$Z H$m`©H«$_
_yë`m§H$ZmMm H$m`©H«$_ Z°H$à_mUo Xa Mma Vo nmM dfmªZr emim§Mo
_yë`m§H$Z H$aob, Aem nÕVrZo V`ma H$am`Mm Ago R>adyZM
Ë`mà_mUo ~rOoEg EgEEMr aMZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. _wWm `m§Mm
`m_mJMm {dMma A{Ve` `moOZm~Õ Amho. Ë`m§À`m _Vo, n¡gm
Am{U doi `m XmoZ Jmoï>r bjmV KoVm, àËòH$ amÁ`mVrb 10
Q>¸o$ àm{V{Z{YH$ emim§VM hm H$m`©H«$_ am~dbm, Var Ë`mVyZ
Ambobo {ZîH$f© gd© amÁ`mbm bmJy nS>Vrb, Aer ~rOoEg
EgEEMr aMZm Amho. AWm©V, ho 10 Q>¸o$ g±nb {ZdS>VmZm
Ë`m_Üò ImgJr, AZwXm{ZV, gaH$mar Ago gd© {_lU Agbo
nm{hOo. ~rOoEg EgEE_Üò emim, {Oëhm Am{U amÁ` Ago
{ÌñVar` Ahdmb V`ma H$aÊ`mMr nÕ{V {dH${gV H$aÊ`mV
Ambr Agë`mZo g§nyU© amÁ`mVrb {MÌ `m 10 Q>¸o$ g±nbÛmao
Cô amhÿ eHo$b Am{U Ë`mdê$Z YmoaUH$Ë`mªZm YmoaUo R>adVm
òVrb. ImgJr g§ñWoZo V`ma Ho$bobm H$m`©H«$_ JwUdÎmm
gwYmaUogmR>r gaH$mar ì`dñWoV EH$ê$n H$aUo Aem CÔoemZo

73
_wWm `m§Mm {ejUmVrb àdmg gwê$ Pmbm hmoVm. Vmo hoVy ~rOoEg
EgEE_Üò AmVm nyU©nUo gmÜ` hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
_yë`m§H$Z H$m`©H«$_ gaH$mar ì`dñWo_Üò H$gm EH$ê$n hmoD$
eH$Vmo, `mMr H$ënZm Am{U {Z`moOZhr _wWm `m§À`mH$S>o V`ma
Amho. da Z_yX Ho$ë`mà_mUo ~rOoEg EgEE Ho$di 10 Q>¸o$
emim§V am~dbm, Var Ë`mÀ`m AmYmao gd© emim§Mo _yë`_mnZ
H$aUo eŠ` Amho. `m AmYmao e¡j{UH$ JwUdÎmm gwYma H$m`©H«$_
V`ma H$aVm òUo eŠ` Amho. ~rOoEg EgEE H$m`©H«$_ amÁ`
gaH$mam§Zm {dZm_yë` XoÊ`mg ~rOoEg V`ma Amho. `m
H$m`©H«$_mMo gmXarH$aU, Ë`m_mJMr ^y{_H$m, VÎdkmZ ho gd©
A{YH$mè`m§Zm g_OmdyZ gm§JÊ`mV òB©b. EImÚm amÁ`
gaH$maZo hm H$m`©H«$_ am~dÊ`mMo R>adbo, Va Ë`m§Zm {H$_mZ 7
Vo 10 Q>¸o$ emim§Mo _yë`m§H$Z VrZ dfmªV H$aUo ~§YZH$maH$
H$aÊ`mV òB©b. Aem àH$mao hm H$m`©H«$_ amÁ` gaH$mam§Zm
am~dVm òB©b.

74
14. {ejH$ à{ejUMr JaO14. {ejH$ à{ejUMr JaO14. {ejH$ à{ejUMr JaO14. {ejH$ à{ejUMr JaO14. {ejH$ à{ejUMr JaO
emioÀ`m JwUdÎmogmR>r _yë`m§H$ZmÀ`m OmoS>rZo Cn`wº$ R>aUmam
Xþgam _hÎdmMm H$m`©H«$_ Amho, {ejH$ à{ejU. Ë`m~m~Vhr
_wWm `m§Zr Ho$bobo qMVZ A{Ve` _ybJm_r Amho. _yë`m§H$Zm_wio
j_Vm Am{U _`m©Xm§Mr OmUrd hmoVo Am{U Ë`mda H$m_
H$aÊ`mgmR>r Am{U ÌwQ>tda _mV H$aÊ`mgmR>r EH$ H¥$Vr
AmamIS>mhr V`ma Ho$bm OmD$ eH$Vmo. _mÌ, hm H¥$Vr AmamIS>m
am~dÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar {ejU ImË`mVrb A{YH$mar,
_w»`mÜ`mnH$ Am{U {ejH$ `m VrZ KQ>H$m§da AgVo. Ë`m_wio
ho VrZ KQ>H$ gj_ ZgVrb, Va H¥$Vr AmamIS>çmMr
A§_b~OmdUr à^mdr hmoD$ eH$Uma Zmhr. `m VrZ KQ>H$m§Vrb
gdmªV _hÎdmMm KQ>H$ hm {ejH$ Amho. _w»`mÜ`mnH$ hmhr
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