3. Biotechnology in Animal Feed
Biotechnology is used to improve livestock feed by:
Improving nutrient content
Improving the digestibility of low quality animal
feeds
Increasing production capability
Eliminating the deficiency of mineral ions or proteins
4. Main areas to focus upon
DEVELOPMENT OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED
FEED INGREDIENTS
In order to
nutritionally enhance
Improve production
capabilities
IMPROVE CERTAIN FEED INGREDIENTS
Which have;
Inheritably low nutritional
capabilities
Low protein content
Anti-nutritive factors
Deficiency of certain amino acids
6. Value added feed
NORMAL CORN
Indigestible Phosphorous present in phytate
form.
Animals lack enzyme phytase to digest them
to get free phosphorous.
Causes environmental pollution releasing
undigested Phosphorous into the
environment.
LOW PHYTATE CORN
Two to three times more highly digestible
inorganic phosphorus than normal corn .
More crude fat and protein present.
Environment friendly.
When broiler chicken was fed with this corn
they increased body weight, showed improved
feed conversion, increased linoleic acid in the
egg yolk.
High oil corn was also developed with more
fat and protein content.
7. Value added feed
Low oligosaccharide soybean:
• Soybeans contain oligosaccharides that act as anti-nutritive factors .
• So less oligosaccharide content means increased amino acid and dry matter
digestibility.
Soybeans with high Lysine:
• Lysine is essential for animal diet
•3 to 4.5% increase in lysine
•Reduces the supplementation addition of lysine
8. Value added feed
Genetically modified crops with
improved Amino acid profile:
More amino acid content
Less Nitrogen excretion in poultry
9. Value added feed
Golden rice:
Reduced allergens in food
Improved nutritional
content
More quantity
Good quality
Combats hunger and
malnutrition diseases.
12. What are Feed additives?
A feed additive is a food supplements for farm animals
that the animal cannot get enough from regular meals that
the farmers provide.
these additives include vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids,
and minerals.
In some cases if an animal does not have some specific
nutrition in its diet it may not grow properly.
Adding these nutrients to the animal feed improves animal
digestion.
13. Commonly used Feed additives
A lot of feed additives are currently used and new concepts are
continuously developed
1.Enzymes
2.Pre-biotics
3.Pro-biotics
4.Dietary amino acids
5.Metabolic modifiers
14. Enzymes
Enzymes are the biological catalyst which when added to animal feed:
1.Improve the nutrient availability from feed stuffs
2.Lower feed costs
3.Reduce anti-nutritional effects from some feed ingredient
EXAMPLE:
Microbial phytase is an enzyme which breaks down the indigestible phytic acid
in cereals and oilseeds and release digestible phosphorus. This reduces the use
of expensive supplement inorganic phosphorus (dicalcium phosphate). Phyate
also releases other minerals like (Ca, Mg and Zn)
15. Probiotics
Probiotics is a term used to describe live
bacteria in animal feed.
Such beneficial, probiotic bacteria aid in
digestion and nutrient uptake of feed.
Probiotics also help to built beneficial bacteria
in intestine and exclude pathogenic bacteria
These probiotics release enzymes which helps
in the digestion of feed
16. Commonly used Probiotics
The most commonly used pro-biotic organisms are:
1.Aspergillus oryzae
2.Lactobacillus acidophilus
3.Streptococcus lactis
4.Saccharomyces cerevisiae
These can be administered through water or incorporated into the
feed.
17. Pre-biotics
Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients
that beneficially affect the host by selectively
stimulating the growth and activity of one or a
limited number of bacteria in the colon.
These are food for pro-biotics
1.Mannan oligosaccharide (MOS)
2.Mixed oligo dextrin
The advantage of re-biotics is that it can stand
high palletizing temperatures and help in long
shelf life of the feed
18. Minerals and Vitamins
The absorption and availability of inorganic trace minerals varies depending upon
1.the nature of the minerals (sulphate, oxide or carbonate)
2.their solubility
3.Trace minerals are now being attached to oligopeptides to make them more bioavailable.
In the case of vitamins due to varying availability and stability of vitamins in ingredients
supplemental vitamins are incorporated in diets.
These vitamins are much more stable than naturally occurring forms. Stability is achieved
through the application of advanced technologies which involve preparation of biologically
active derivatives, coating technologies, carriers and diluents.
19. Dietary Amino acids
Essential amino acids are added to the animal feed to get
balanced amino acid profile
The new trend is to formulate diets on digestible amino acids
so that protein requirement is reduced
Lysine is produced by microbial fermentation and added as a
supplement
Genetically modified microbes are being used to produce
threonine and tryptophan on commercial basis
Using these amino acids it is possible to lower dietary crude
protein level by 2-3% which is significant saving for the farmer
20. Metabolic modifiers
These molecules ae the group of compounds that modify animal metabolism in specific and
directed ways
1.Improving productive efficiency (milk yield per feed unit)
2.Improving carcass composition in growing animals
3.Increasing milk yield in lactating animals
Two classes of compounds are commonly used
1.Somatotropins
2.Adrenergic agonists
21. Metabolic modifiers
On commercial scale these compounds are produce by
using recombinant DNA technology to selectively produce
specific components for species
Bovine somatotropin is administrated in dairy cows
Administering of β androgenic agonist results in weight
gain and carcass leanness
22. Merits of using Biotechnology in animal
feeds
Increases the digestibility of low quality feeds through the addition
of supplements
Less phosphorus would be thrown in the litter and manure which
would lead to control of eutrophication and algal bloom
Reduces the use of expensive supplements (dicalcium phosphate)
Increase milk and meat yield
Decrease animal waste
Decrease the cost of animal feed
23. References
1) http://nationalhogfarmer.com/mag/farming_lowphytate_corn_works
2) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3j1zohIVwA ( Role of biotechnology in sustaining the
environment)
3) http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/guththila-422583-biotechnology-animal-feed-
biology-technology-science-education-ppt-powerpoint/
4) http://www.biotecharticles.com/Agriculture-Article/Biotechnology-in-Animal-Feed-and-
Feeding-162.html
5) http://www.fao.org/docrep/article/agrippa/660_en-06.htm#TopOfPage
6) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9783527615353.fmatter/pdf