2. Matter is anything that has mass and
takes up space.
Matter is composed of very small
particles called atoms. In nature,
there are 92 different forms of
matter that we call elements.
Atoms by Brainpop

3. There are 11 elements of which most living
things are composed.
The most abundant element in the
human body is oxygen.
The second most abundant element in
the human body is carbon, and in
third place is hydrogen. Together,
these three elements make up 92% of
a human being.

4. You are expected to memorize the
symbols for the 11 elements that make
up most living things:
Element Symbol
Oxygen O
Carbon C
Hydrogen H

5. You are expected to memorize the
symbols for the 11 elements that make
up most living things:
Element Symbol
Nitrogen N
Calcium Ca
Phosphorus P

6. You are expected to memorize the
symbols for the 11 elements that make
up most living things:
Element Symbol
Potassium K
Sulfur S
Sodium Na

7. You are expected to memorize the
symbols for the 11 elements that make
up most living things:
Element Symbol
Chlorine Cl
Magnesium Mg
Intro to Elements Clip

8. Atoms combine together to form most of
the substances we observe in the world
around us.
Compounds are formed when the atoms of
two or more elements chemically joined
together to form a new substance with
very different properties than the
elements of which it is formed.

9. Compounds, continued…
o The smallest piece of a compound is
called a molecule
o Salt is an example of a compound. It
is composed of an atom of sodium
chemically “glued” to an atom of
chlorine. Each of these NaCl units is
called a molecule.

10. o There are many compounds that are
important to living things.

11. Mixtures are formed when two or more
substances are mixed together but not
chemically combined.
Each substance retains its own
characteristics, and can be separated from
each other by simple physical means.
The air in this room is a mixture of nitrogen,
oxygen and small amounts of other gases.
Compounds &
Mixtures Clip

12. Reading Chemical Formulas:
H2 O
The letters tell you what elements make up the molecule…
what are the elements in this molecule?
The little numbers to the right of the letters tell you HOW
MANY ATOMS of each element. If there isn’t one, it just
means that there is one atom of that element.
If there was a number in front of the formula, it would tell
you how many MOLECULES of that substance there was:
4H2O
How many molecules of water are there here?

13. One type of mixture that is important
to living things is a solution.
In a solution, the atoms or molecules
of one substance are mixed evenly
throughout another substance which
is usually a liquid or a gas.

14. Salt dissolved in water is an example of
a solution.
A suspension is a type of mixture that
is similar to a solution, but particles
in a suspension will settle out of it is
left undisturbed.
Blood is an example of a suspension.

15. If a sample of blood is left undisturbed,
what will settle to the bottom of the
test tube?
Red Blood Cells, platelets, white blood cells
What is the name of the liquid part of the
blood that is left at the top?
Plasma
Compounds &
Mixtures Clip

16. There are two types of compounds that
are important to living things:
Organic and inorganic compounds
Organic compounds contain the
element carbon.
There are 4 types of organic compounds that
are important to living things:

17. Organic
Composed of: Examples Function
Compound
Sugar Releases
Carbohydrate
C, H, O Starch energy for
cells
cellulose

18. Organic Composed of: Examples Function
Compound
Fats Stores and
Lipid C, H, O Oils releases
MORE
Waxes
energy for
cells
Cell membranes are made of lipids

19. Organic Composed of: Examples Function
Compound
Used to
Protein C, H, O, N enzymes build cell
parts;
Made of
smaller
parts
called
amino
Where are proteins made in the cell…?
acids

20. Organic Composed of: Examples Function
Compound
C, H, DNA Stores
Nucleic O, N, P RNA hereditary
Acid information

21. Inorganic compounds are also
important to living things. They DO
NOT contain carbon.
Some examples include:
• water (formula: H2O)
• salt (formula: NaCl) Simple Chemistry Clip

22. Let’s Talk about one organic compound that is very
important to living things…
Glucose is one of the most important molecules in biology.
Here are some things you need to know about it:
The chemical formula for
glucose is: C6H12O6
Glucose is manufactured in PLANTS in
the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS
All cells (plants and animals) use glucose
for the purpose of GETTING ENERGY

23. Let’s Talk about one organic compound that is very
important to living things…
• All energy in a glucose molecule is
located in THE BONDS.
BONDS
• When the bonds of this molecule are
broken, energy is released. This
happens in the MITOCHONDRIA of
the cell (the powerhouse organelle).