Presentation at EGPA Toulouse August 2015

1. Claude Rochet
Urban lifecycle management :
A research program for smart
government of smart cities
Prof. Claude Rochet
Claude.rochet@univ-amu.fr
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2. What means “Smart”= presence of
a learning feedback loop
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Action Effect
feedback
from 0,0001sec. to a génération
Sensors
Data
TreatmentInterpretation
Usage
Decision
Technologies
Social sciences
Iconomy

3. When speaking of smart cities, what
does it means?
Efficient urbanization
Inclusive urbanization
Sustainable
urbanization
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Complex System Architecture:
What are the key functions and their
(un) desirable interactions?
Complex System Architecture:
What are the key functions and their
(un) desirable interactions?
System Integration: Granting people
the same capacity to interact and have
control over the urban system
System Integration: Granting people
the same capacity to interact and have
control over the urban system
Ecosystem modeling: Autopoiesis,
resilience, scalability, innovation
coordination
Ecosystem modeling: Autopoiesis,
resilience, scalability, innovation
coordination

4. The smart city and the temptation of the
totalitarian utopia
• Utopia= A perfect city
in a perfect world
1896
1517
1623
1898
Are IT the new
totalitarian
utopia?

5. Is modeling a smart city possible?
• A dead end: The temptation of
the ideal city : XX century garden
cities, techno-pushed
approaches Masdar, Songdo…
• A city is a living system
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6. Claude Rochet
Our basic assumptions
• A smart city is not putting lipstick on a bulldog
• A smart city is an ecosystem that includes the city and its periphery
• A smart city is a city where one may live and work in:
o Economic wealth creation
o Social life
o Common weal
• A resilient architecture:
o A living system based on cooperation between public authorities, private corp., citizens
o A properly designed architecture made with off-the-shelf components
o Systemic resilience is leveraged using IT
• A sea change in firms business models and public administration.
What is our shared vision?What is our shared vision?
11/09/2014
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7. What modelling means?
The Lego game:
• The construction is based on
standardized building blocks
• No two figures are alike
• Building is made using patterns:
rules of integration using semantic +
syntax
• The final result in an integration of
all the building blocks which is
specific to needs and specifications
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8. Claude Rochet
A rationale for a smart city a system architect:
A three steps approach
• Strategic analysis
• Inventorying the building
blocks
• Integrating the ecosystem
• Strategic alignment
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Must do
May do
How to do it?

9. A rationale for a smart city a system architect:
1- Strategic analysis
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Why building a city & what
are the strategic goals? Who
are the stakeholders?
What are the generic
functions to be performed
by a smart city?
With which organs?
Technical devices,
software…
With which smart
people?
Conception,
metamodel
framework,
steering
Subsystems
and processes
People and
tools
Why designing this ecosystem?
Who will live in the city?
What are its activities?
How the city will be fed?
Where the city is located ? (context)
What are the functions to be performed to
reach the goals and how do they interact?
With which organs and
ressources?
How people will interact with the
artifacts?
How civic life will organize?

10. Claude Rochet
A rationale for a smart city a system
architect:
2- Inventorying the “building blocks”
11/09/2014
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Issues
• Defining “smartness”
and “sustainability”
• Wealth creation
• Finance and taxes
• Controlling pollution
• Equilibrium center –
periphery
• Migrations
• Poverty
• Education
• Health
• Crime
• Segregation (social
and spatial)
• Leisure
• Quality of life
• How people interact
with people and
artifacts?
• The New Business
Models:
• Public
• Private
• Project management
• Institutional
arrangements
• The day to day decision
making process in an
evolutionary perspective
• Empowerment
• Direct democracy
• Government
• Governance
• Project management
• Social innovation
• The state as a system
engineer
• Mastering ULM
• The New Business
Models:
• Public
• Private
• Project management
• Institutional
arrangements
• The day to day decision
making process in an
evolutionary perspective
• Empowerment
• Direct democracy
• Government
• Governance
• Project management
• Social innovation
• The state as a system
engineer
• Mastering ULM
Functions
• Work
• Budgeting
• Transportatio
n
• Feeding
• Caring
• Protecting
• Securing
• Housing
policy
• Education
• Leisure
• Social
benefits
• Health care
system
• Migrations
control
Resources
• Energy
• Water
• Data
• Digital Systems
• Traditions
• Sociology
• Technologies as
enablers and
enacters
• Culture and
traditions
• Institutions and
public
organizations
• Process modeling
• Software
• Tech providers
• Open innovation
Capabilities

11. Claude Rochet
11/09/2014
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A rationale for a smart city a system architect:
3- Integration of the building blocks
Soft domains Hard domains
SMART city
TransportationIndustry
WorkHousing
Sanitation
EnergyWater
Waste recycling
Public services Health care
Civic life Leisure
Education Social integration
GovernmentEconomy
Institutional
scaffolding
Social life
Periphery
City
Urban ecosystem
Territory
Commercial
exchanges
Food

12. Problems in smart cities ecosystem
modeling
Hard systems may
be models thanks
to the laws of
physics
(conservative
systems)
Soft systems can’t
be modeled with
the laws of physics
(dissiptive
systems)
- Social siences
- Big data
- Multi-agents
modeling
The key of the
success is here…
… while
business is there
System integration, a key
competency to be developed

13. Claude Rochet
A tool to design and monitor the ecosystem:
ULM (Urban Lifecycle Management©
)
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Maturityofecosystemicproperties
Development
From history, social
intelligence, idea, to
framework Integrating off-the-
shelves innovation
Functional integration
Technical
integration
Designing the
engineering ecosystem
Project
management
City 1.0
Gathering data and
understanding
ecosystem evolution
Evaluating,
correcting and
upgrading
Sustainable City
1.0
Integrating
innovation
City 2.0
Risk of collapse
Losing ecosystemic properties
Permanent
improvement
Financial
governance
Socio political cycle
Innovation
cycle
New City

14. Some critical points: Data
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Legacy: How the city has evolved in
the past
•Hard data: statistics
•Soft data: human memory
=> understanding the technological
trajectory and social capital
Present and future: Understanding
how the city is evolving
•Observatory for hard and soft data
•Big data
=> Evaluating the scalability and
resilience, improving social capital

15. Some critical points: Monitoring
evolution and innovation
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Innovation within building blocks has different speeds
With smart networks innovation cycles are connected:
(before, no): a permanent challenge
The city dweller is the decider in last resort of the
impact of any innovation on the city life: Good/Bad,
useful/unusual, improve/kill

16. Power to technology or
to citizens?
Correlations => Induction
Deduction =>Hypotheses
Where is the brain?
Existing knowledge

17. Some critical points: Improving social capital,
bottom-up vs. top-down: The case of
Christchurch (NZ)
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18. Citizen produce ideas

19. Producing and structuring ideas

20. Smart government
• Design the business model
of the city based on
patterns
• Vibrant political life
• Open innovation all along
the city life cycle
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21. Integration of disciplines
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Levelsofcomplexity
City
Functions
Citizens
Complex systems
engineering
Extended P.A Political philosophy
Complex
system
modeling
Interaction
and synergies
Social
networks and
interactions
Overlaps and
interactions
Common good as an
emergence and
structuring finality
Ends and means of
wealth creation
Civic implication
Polycentric
Govce

22. The research and training program
• Integrating and upgrading into smart cities issues the
basics of complex systems architecture as a basic
baggage for SC stake holders
• Learning by doing: Applied research to the building of
pilot projects
• Convergence of disciplines: engineering, social
sciences, urban sociology, system architecture, political
philosophy, complex decision making
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23. Merci!
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Thank you!