Every Child, Every Day framework (Allington and Gabriel), followed by why collaboration and models for collaborating. Based on Brownlie/Cranston presentation at CR4YR.
1. Frameworks for
Collaboration
CR4YR August 27th, 2013
Vancouver Hilton Hotel
Faye Brownlie and Randy Cranston
Adapted for Surrey Primary Teachers
November 8th, 2013
Slideshare.net/fayebrownlie/surreycollaboration
2. Learning Intentions
I have a better understanding of collaboration and coteaching.
I have a plan of how to increase the effectiveness of my
collaboration and my co-teaching.
I have applied Allington and Gabriel’s model of ‘what
works’ in reading for ALL students to my students
I can create a class review and use it to plan for
instruction.
3. “Every Child, Every Day” – Richard Allington and
Rachael Gabriel
In Educational Leadership, March 2012
6 elements of instruction for ALL students!
4. 1. Every child reads something he or she chooses.
2. Every child reads accurately.
3. Every child reads something he or she
understands.
4. Every child writes about something personally
meaningful.
5. Every child talks with peers about reading and
writing.
6. Every child listens to a fluent adult read aloud.
6. 2. Every child reads accurately.
-intensity and volume count!
-98% accuracy
-less than 90% accuracy, doesn’t improve reading at
all
7. 98% on grade level at year end:
Mathes, et al (2004); Vellutino, et al
(1996); Phillips, et al (1998)
Every successful intervention study used either 1-1
expert tutoring or 1-3 very small group expert
reading instruction.
None of the studies used a scripted reading
program.
All had students engaged in reading 2/3 of the
lesson.
8. 3. Every child reads something he or she
understands.
-at least 2/3 of time spent reading and
rereading NOT doing isolated skill practice or
worksheets
-build background knowledge before entering
the text
-read with questions in mind
10. Gr 3
Joni Cunningham, Richmond
Building vocabulary from pictures
Establishing fiction/non-fiction
Predicting
Directed drawing
Writing to retell and connect
26. 5. Every child talks with peers about reading and
writing.
27. 6. Every child listens to a fluent adult read aloud.
-different kinds of text
-with some commentary
28. CR4YR
One of the parameters of this project is
collaboration: a focus on support (LA/resource,
teacher-librarian, Aboriginal Support) teachers
working in the classroom, with the teacher.
29. Why Collaboration/Co-teaching?
Based on the belief that collaborative planning,
teaching and assessing better addresses the diverse
needs of students by creating ongoing effective
programming in the classroom
It allows more students to be reached
Learning in Safe Schools, page 102 Chapter 9
30. Based on the belief that collaborative planning,
teaching and assessing better addresses the diverse
needs of students by creating ongoing effective
programming in the classroom
It allows more students to be reached
It focuses on the ongoing context for learning for the
students, not just the specific remediation of skills
removed from the learning context of the classroom
It builds a repertoire of strategies for teachers to
support the range of students in classes
page 102 Chapter 9
Learning in Safe Schools,
31. Why Collaboration/Co-teaching?
Based on the belief that collaborative planning, teaching
and assessing better addresses the diverse needs of
students by creating ongoing effective programming in the
classroom
It allows more students to be reached
It focuses on the ongoing context for learning for the
students, not just the specific remediation of skills
removed from the learning context of the classroom
It builds a repertoire of strategies for teachers to support
the range of students in classes
Imperative students with the highest needs have the most
consistent program
Learning in Safe Schools, page 102 Chapter 9
32. Rationale:
By sharing our collective
knowledge about the whole class
and developing a plan of action
based on this, we can better meet
the needs of all students.
33. Goal:
to support students to be successful
learners in the classroom environment
34. A Key Belief
When intervention is focused on classroom
support it improves each student’s ability and
opportunity to learn effectively/successfully in the
classroom.
35. The Vision
A Shift from…..
A Remedial Model
An Inclusive Model
(Strengths Based)
(Deficit Model)
‘Fixing’ the student
Outside the classroom/
curriculum
to
‘Fixing’ the curriculum
to
Within the classroom/
curriculum
36. Transformations within the
Inclusive Model
Pull-out Support / Physical
Inclusion
• still a remedial model – to make
kids fit
• In the class, but often on a different
plan
Inclusion
• Classroom Teacher as central support
• Resource Teacher – working together in a
co-teaching model
38. Co-teachers:
When two teachers are in the room, they can…
Work from a plan based on students’ strengths and needs
Differentiate instruction
Use AFL strategies to assess understanding
Increase participation of all students
Decrease behavioral challenges
Focus attention
Increase student independence
Teach self-regulation
Model positive, strengths-based language
Talk to each other about what they are learning about their students
39. Questions to Guide Co-Teaching
Are all students actively engaged in meaningful
work?
Are all students participating by answering and
asking questions?
Are all students receiving individual feedback
during the learning sequence?
How is evidence of learning from each day’s coteaching fueling the plan for the next day?
40. A Co-teaching Question:
Is this the best approach to maximize student
learning:
• at this time
• for this task
• for this student?
41. Co-Teaching Models
(Teaching in Tandem – Effective Co-Teaching in the Inclusive
Classroom – Wilson & Blednick, 2011, ASCD)
1 teach, 1 support
Parallel groups
Station teaching
1 large group; 1 small group
Teaming
42. 1 Teach, 1 Support
most frequently done, least planning
Advantage: focus, 1:1 feedback, if alternate roles,
no one has the advantage or looks like the ‘real’
teacher, can capitalize one 1’s strengths and build
professional capacity
Possible pitfall: easiest to go off the rails and
have one teacher feel as an ‘extra pair of hands’,
no specific task (buzzing radiator)
43. 1 Teach, 1 Support: Examples
demonstrating a new strategy so BOTH teachers
can use it the next day – e.g., think aloud,
questioning from pictures, listen-sketch-draft
Students independently working on a task, one
teacher working with a small group on this task,
other teacher supporting children working
independently
45. First Steps
Collecting baseline data (formative
assessment using EPRA)
What do they know? What are their
strengths?
What areas need further development?
How will we support this development?
46. Looked at the results as coded on the performance
standard
Developed an inquiry question
Made a plan
Spent a term in each classroom. Two blocks each
week.
47. Inquiry Questions
How does the implementation of literacy centres,
that focus on reading rather than isolated skills,
change the engagement and motivation of the
students and will they become more skilled
readers?
How does implementing guided reading or small
group reading instruction, with my support teacher,
further our students’ reading development?
48.
49.
50.
51.
52. Parallel Groups
both teachers take about half the class and teach
the same thing.
Advantage: half class size - more personal
contact, more individual attention
Possible pitfalls: more time to co-plan, requires
trust in each other, each must know the content
and the strategies.
53. Parallel Groups: Examples
word work. At Woodward Elem, the primary worked together
3 X/week, with each teacher, the principal and the RT each
taking a group for word work. Some schools have used this
with math activities.
Focus teaching from class assessment. Westwood
Elementary: Came about as a result of an action research
question: How do we better meet the needs of our students?:
primary team used Standard Reading Assessment, highlight
on short form of Performance Standards, Resource, ESL,
principal involved, cross-graded groups 2X a week, for 6 to 8
weeks driven by information from the performance standards
(Text features, Oral Comprehension, Risk taking, Critical
thinking with words, Getting the big picture,… , repeat
process
NOT paper and pencil practice groups…teaching/thinking
groups
54. Station Teaching
mostly small groups
can be heterogeneous stations or more homogeneous
reading groups
each teacher has 2 groups, 1 working independently at
a station or writing, 1 working directly with the teacher.
Advantage: more individual attention and personal
feedback, increased focus on self regulation
Possible pitfall: self regulation (needs to be taught),
time to plan for meaningful engagement.
55. Station Teaching: Examples
Guided reading: 4 groups; RT has two and CT has
two
math groups – Michelle’s patterning (1 direct
teaching, 2 guided practice, 1 guided practice with
observation)
science stations: CT and RT each created two
stations; co-planning what they would look like to
ensure differentiation, teachers moved back and
forth between groups supporting self-monitoring,
independence on task
56. 1 large group, 1 small group
Advantage: either teacher can work with either
group, can provide tutorial, intensive, individual
Possible pitfall: don’t want same kids always in
the ‘get help’ group
57. 1 large group, 1 small group:
Examples
Writing: 1 teacher works with whole class prewriting
and drafting, small groups of 3-4 students meet with 1
teacher to conference
Reading: everyone’s reading. large group: teacher
moving from student to student listening to short oral
reads. Small group: 2 to 3 students being supported to
use specific reading strategies or
small group is working on a Reader’s Theatre
Math: large group using manipulatives to represent
shapes, small groups, rotating with other teacher,
using iPads to take pictures of shapes in the
environment
58. Teaming
most seamless.
co-planned
teachers take alternate roles and lead-taking as the lesson
proceeds
Most often in whole class instruction and could be followed
up with any of the other four co-teaching models
Advantages: capitalizes on both teachers’ strengths, models
collaboration teaching/learning to students, can adjust
instruction readily based on student need, flexible
Possible pitfalls: trust and skill
59. Teaming: Examples
Brainstorm-categorize lesson – 1 teacher begins, other
teacher notices aspects the first teacher has missed or
sees confusion in children, adds in and assumes lead
role.
Modeling reading strategies: two teachers model and
talk about the strategies they use to read, noting things
they do differently.
Graphic organizer: Teachers model how to use a
semantic map as a post reading vocabulary building
activity, teacher most knowledgeable about semantic
mapping creates it as other teacher debriefs with
students; both flow back and forth
70. Trust your professional expertise
Collaborate: 2 heads are better than 1
Follow the lead of your children –their interests,
their needs
NO program exists that can replace YOU!!!
