Tech Startup Growth Hacking 101 - Basics on Growth Marketing
006a NCWRM 2011 Fixler_Israel
1. STATE OF ISRAEL
Trends in the Development of
the Water Sector in Israel
Oded Fixler – Deputy Director General (Engineering)
Israel Water Authority
Regional Conference on Advancing Non-Conventional Water Resources Management in the Mediterranean
Athens 14-15.9.2011
1
7. Recharge from Rainfall
along years: 1975-2011 STATE OF ISRAEL
AVERGE: 1,336 MCM , MEDIAN: 1202, STD: 456 MCM
Min. : 710 MCM Max. : 2,929 MCM
3500
3000
2500
2000
MCM
1500
MEDIAN
1000 1,202 MCM
500
0
8. Amounts of precipitation relative
to average (from 09/2010 to 05/2011)
100%
105%
75%
80%
65% 100%
75%
80%
80%
Amount above average
Amount lower than average
8
9. STATE OF ISRAEL
Israel goes "from Red to Black"
Upper red level: -208.80
October 4th 2010 : -213.70 Lower red level: -213.00
Black line: -214.87
The rate of water depletion from the Kinneret and
underground water reservoirs is alarming :
Red line = below this water level damage to the water source
Black line = below this water level irreparable damage
9
10. Lake Kinneret (See of Galilee)
STATE OF ISRAEL
Water level 2004 – 2011
-208.00
-208.50
-209.00
-209.50
-210.00
Lake Water level (m)
-210.50
-211.00
(מפלס )מטר
-211.50
-212.00
-212.50
-213.00
-213.50
-214.00
01.10.11
-214.50 - 213.65
-215.00 - 214.87
-215.50
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
שנה
Year
10
11. Lake Kinneret (See of Galilee)
STATE OF ISRAEL
Lake Water level (m)
Monthly Water level in the last four years
Black level
Month
11
12. STATE OF ISRAEL
WATER WATER
RESOURCES DEMAND
Average total natural enrichment – 1.170 billion m3/annum
Water demand – more than 2 billion m3/annum
Current potable water demand < 1.2 billion m3/annum
Forecast for water demand 2020 ~ 1.7 billion m3/annum
12
14. Water Consumption in Israel
According to sectors STATE OF ISRAEL
Estimated data for 2011
Industry
88 MCM
היישעת
8.311מלמ"ק
4.5 %
)6%(
Potable
יריפש
557 MCM
3.915מלמ "ק
Domestic
תיב
693 MCM
4.737מלמ "ק Recycling
יילוש
5.885מלמ "ק
)38%(
35.5 % 613 MCM
Agriculture
Total: 1,966 MCM תואלקח
071,1"קMCM
6.621,1מלמ
(including 15 MCM for Nature) )58%(
60 %
Supply to PA – 52 MCM; Supply to Jordan – 48 MCM
14
17. Decisions
STATE OF ISRAEL
In order to prevent irreversible damage to the water
Sources, the Government of Israel made several
decisions for the short and long term :
Water demand restraint :
Comprehensive nation-wide media campaign calling
citizens to save water, entitled “From Red to Black” and
“Israel is drying”.
Supervision & enforcement
Graded water tariffs
Water allocation and cutbacks for agricultural sector
and public gardening
17
18. Decisions
STATE OF ISRAEL
Water supply increase :
Drilling (including water sources monitoring);
Treatment of underground polluted water sources;
Development of new water sources :
desalinated seawater, desalinated brackish water,
treatment of wastewater.
18
19. Main Water Supply System
STATE OF ISRAEL
Haifa Saphir station
Eshkol reservoir
Sea of Galilee
(Kinneret)
National carrier
Tel Aviv
108”
Jerusalem
Eshkol reservoir
National carrier - length section
108” Sea of Galilee
19
20. Sea Water Desalination
STATE OF ISRAEL
In accordance with the Government decisions since 2001
large scale seawater desalination facilities are being built:
Production 12/09 127
Hadera
Completed facilities
Ashkelon -BOT 105 MCM/Y (VID) + 15 exp.
Palmachim -BOO 30 MCM/Y (Via Maris) + 15 exp.
Under Hadera- BOT 100 MCM/Y (H2ID) + 27 exp.
Hadera-
Construction ~2013
(150)
Full production Under Construction
Sorek Sorek – 150 MCM/Y (SDL)
Since 9/07
45
Palmachim Bidding
Mekorot Develop. (100) Ashdod – 100 MCM/Y (TK Mekorot)
Production ~2013 Ashdod
Enlargement of production from the existing
120 plants (60-100 MCM/Y) – in bidding process.
(60-
Ashkelon Another 50 MCM facility in planning
Full production
Since 12/05 Overall until 2013 = 600 MCM/Y
Until 2020 = 750 MCM/Y
20
26. SWRO facilities connection -
Revolution in the National System operation
Western
Line
Hadera Barkai
Cule
Sorek
Western
Hafetz Line
Haim
Ashdod
The 5th Line to Jerusalem
Ashkelon
Horashim
Neora
26
28. Reuse of All
STATE OF ISRAEL
Sewage Effluents
Reuse of 500 MCM/Y in 2014 (370 today).
Sewage effluents for Agriculture – 50% of allocations in 2014.
Tertiary treatment – unrestricted irrigation. New stringent standards
for effluents quality (37 parameters).
Nutrients and Salt Removal.
Methods of agricultural cultivation in Israel are constantly modernized
and innovated.
Israel became an international leader in developing water saving
technology in agriculture.
28
30. Reuse of All
STATE OF ISRAEL
Sewage Effluents
Zephat waste
Wastewater water utilization
Infiltration site Sorek 2
Treatment Plants Acre
Carmiel waste water utilization
Infiltration site Yavne 4
Kishon concern
Western extension Ashdod
Kefar Baruch reservoir Azrikam
Kefar Tabor
area Training areas, Givati
and Beit Ezra
Afula Taanach Gat east
orchards Ashkelon plant
Hadera waste water
Hadera Mifal Halatz Nir Hen area
and Zohar
Main conduit for waste water
Geulat Hayarkon plant Lachish plant
Dan Wastewater Kibbutz
Tel Aviv
Safria orchards area Treatment Facility Ruhama Dvir
Nesher reservoir (SAT)
waste water utilization Lahav
Ayalon-Latrun
waste water utilization Tekuma plant
Ashdod
Hefetz Haim plant
Ashkelon Pithat Shalom plant
Adulam area
Ashdod waste water – south extension Beer Sheba
Zohar lake
30
31. Agriculture
STATE OF ISRAEL
Water for agriculture – 1,150 MCM/Y
450-530 MCM/Y – constant quota (potable water)
Water Authority development plans:
• Irrigation with recycled effluents in exchange of potable water quota release;
• Building of irrigation water recycling facilities as a stable water supply
source (replacing potable water quotas which are exposed to frequent
cutbacks);
• Reform in water tariffs for agriculture and graduate replacement of
subsidy through water tariff towards direct subsidy to farmers;
• “Network separation”: high quality potable water at appropriate tariff;
• Brackish water suitable for irrigation at low tariff.
31
32. Water Saving in Agriculture
STATE OF ISRAEL
Production per Water Unit
2.1
2.02
1.98
1.9 1.91
1.7 1.66
1.64 1.59
1.5 1.43 1.47 1.56 1.55
1.38
1.3 1.31
1.15
1.1
1.00
0.98
0.9
0.7
0.5
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Source: Israel Farmer’s Federation
33. Irrigation facilities – reuse of effluents STATE OF ISRAEL
Nitzanim
Nitzanim
Hof Carmel
“Mei” Golan
Maayan Zvi
33
35. Brackish Water Desalination STATE OF ISRAEL
• Private sector Mate
• Mekorot Co. Asher
Naaman
Atlit Kordani
Neve
Yam
Maagan Emek
Michael Harod
Brackish water desalination facilities – 50 MCM/Y
Granot
גרנות
Lahat Gat
Negba
Halatz
Neve
Rotem plane Zohar
Ketziot Shizafon
35
36. BWRO - Mekorot Co. STATE OF ISRAEL
Granot
Ktziot
Neve Zohar
36
37. Water Sector development STATE OF ISRAEL
Development programs based on long term Master
plan taking into consideration the population growth
rate and its distribution and the rate of growth in
consumption:
• Increased living standards
• Water for nature utilization
• Agricultural distribution and water consumption
• Political arrangements
37
39. Water Supply by Israel
to the Palestinian Authority STATE OF ISRAEL
Obligation vs. Implementation (MCM)
1995 accord Supplied
basis ing to Total Actual Quantity Supplied to the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank in 2009, in
sn. Region for the Obligat addition to
agree ion Israeli
incre-
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005* 2006 2007 2008 2009 obligation
ment ment +
1 Jenin 2 2 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.4 2.2 0.7 1.2 1.6 1.7 -0.4
Nablus &
2
Salfit
1.9 1.6 3.5 2.8 3.8 3.5 3.7 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.6 5.4 6.1 6.7 6.6 3.1
Hebron &
3
Bethlehem
11.7 1 12.7 13.9 14.7 14.8 15.1 14.9 15.2 16.2 15.8 19.7 19.8 19.7 20.9 8.2
4 Ramalah 7.2 0.5 7.7 8.9 10.5 11.6 12.2 12.8 13.6 14.4 13.9 14.4 15.2 17.0 16.2 8.5
Jordan
5
Valley
5.07 0 5.07 4.7 5.9 5.1 5.5 5.3 5.2 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.7 6.9 6.1 1.1
6 Total 27.9 3.1 31.0 32.9 37.2 37.3 38.6 39.1 40.1 43.6 42.8 46.4 48.9 51.8 51.5 20.5
Notes:
1. Gaza Strip – Israel has undertaken to supply 5 MCM/yr from the Israeli system, a quantity that will originate from desalination in Israel. For this
purpose Israel has laid a water supply line extending up to the border with the Gaza Strip, although works on the Palestinian side have not been
completed. At present Israel supplies 5 MCM/yr, as per the previous commitment.
In addition, Israel has handed over to the Palestinians (in the framework of disengagement) 25 water wells and an advanced water supply
system.
2. Jenin – Israel's obligation was to drill an additional well supplying 1.4 MCM/yr. The well, Jenin 4, is indeed yielding the above quantity and is
being operated by the Palestinians. It is therefore not presented in the table.
* In 2005, in the framework of disengagement from Gaza, Israel handed over to the Palestinians the three Dotan wells, producing about 2
MCM/yr. As of that year, this quantity of water is not taken into account in the framework of supply by Mekorot.
39
40. Total Quantity of Fresh Water per Capita
on Multiannual Average STATE OF ISRAEL
in Countries Bordering Israel
CM 3
Lebanon m
1000
Syria
900
Egypt
800
700
949
600
861 500
400
732
Jordan 300
Israel
Palestinians 200
172 100
153
105
0
40
41. Sharing Israeli Experience & Knowledge STATE OF ISRAEL
Capacity Building – Professional Courses on Desalination and Water
Reclamation for Jordanian and Palestinian water managers
42. Water Agreement – Obligation vs. Implementation
(Major Commitments)
STATE OF ISRAEL
Commitment Status of Implementation (2008)
Article
40 Nature of Commitment by Israel by Palestinians
Clause
An additional 1 MCM/year to the Hebron and Bethlehem An addition of 8 MCM/year was
7a1
area. provided
An addition of 9.8 MCM/year
7a2 An additional 0.5 MCM/year to the Ramallah area
was provided
An addition of 4.8 MCM/year
7a3,4 An additional 1.6 MCM/year to the Salfit and Nablus area
was provided
Israel drilled “Jenin 2” (1.4
7a5 An additional 1.4 MCM/year to the Jenin area MCM/year) for Palestinian
operation
Israel installed the pipeline up
7a6 An additional 5 MCM/year to the Gaza Strip
to the Gaza Strip border
7b1 An additional 2.1 MCM/year to the Nablus area (new well) Israel authorized the drilling The well has been drilled
Israel authorized the drilling of 70
approx. half of the approved
An additional 17 MCM/year from new wells to be drilled by wells with an estimated extraction
7b2 wells were not yet drilled or
Palestinians in the eastern aquifer and other agreed sources. capacity of more than 50 operated by the Palestinian side
MCM/year
In fact, Israel supplies 51.8
The total Israeli commitment to supply water directly to the
MCM/Year directly to the PWA
PWA in the West Bank stands at 31 MCM/year (3.1
in the West Bank which is
additional water supplied under the agreement + 27.9
supplied at the time of signing the agreement).
20.8 MCM/year more than the
commitment
43. STATE OF ISRAEL
Commitment Status of Implementation (2008)
Article
40 Nature of Commitment by Israel by Palestinians
Clause
It was agreed that a quantity of 28.6 MCM/year shall be added Additional amount of water made available for the Palestinians:
to the Palestinians for the interim period 23.9 MCM/year supplied directly by Israel (20.8+3.1)
6-7 3.5 MCM/year by authorized wells- Jenin, Nablus
(In addition to the 118 MCM/year which was consumed by the
Palestinians at the signing of the agreement). 50 MCM/year estimated yield of 70 authorized wells
Total: 77.4 MCM/year
There are more than 250
Sched.
8 Prevention of illegal drillings No illegal drillings Palestinian illegal drillings
1(b) mainly in the Northern West
Bank
Most of the Palestinian
sewage is not treated.
Most of the sewage from Out of 52 MCM of
Prevention of pollution by wastewater Israeli settlements is treated at Palestinian sewage - 4 MCM
least at the secondary level is treated in the West Bank,
3(f.)
“Treating, reusing or properly disposing of all and Israel is working to 14 MCM is treated in Israel
domestic, urban, industrial, and agricultural sewage” upgrade and expand the and 34 MCM is not treated
systems at all and therefore polluting
the environment.
44. Wells Approved by the JWC for Drilling by the Palestinians since the Agreement
STATE OF ISRAEL
Purpose of Wells
Drinking Water (59 Wells)
Agriculture (11 Wells)
Observation (22 Wells)
45. Unauthorized Wells
STATE OF ISRAEL
About 146 of the total 250
unapproved wells are shown. The
existence of the others is known,
but they are not indicated since
their exact coordinates are
missing.
46. Paving the path to
regional solutions STATE OF ISRAEL
Resolving problems in the spirit of cooperation and good
neighboring, and not hiding failures in pointless accusations.
Honoring bilateral agreements and donors efforts and finance for
stabilizing the water sector.
Implementing the vital water and wastewater treatment projects
and enforce uncompromisingly illegal acts.
Strengthening technical cooperation.
Acting towards clean environment: sewage treatment and effluents
reuse.
Taking actions for building administrative and economic structures
to prevent funds lose and water spend.
53. The Water Crisis STATE OF ISRAEL
The Water crisis has reached a peak
today because of global changes in
climate – in Israel like in Australia,
California, Spain, etc.
53
54. The Water Crisis in Israel STATE OF ISRAEL
2008-2009 natural enrichment – 820 MCM versus
average natural enrichment – 1,170 MCM/Y
According to our projections in the next 5 years it will
be not probable to reach a level above the “red lines”
for all Israel's water reservoirs
Lake Kinneret
54