This document summarizes the structures and functions of organelles in plant and animal cells. It describes the nucleus, which holds DNA, the nucleolus, ribosomes which make proteins, and the endoplasmic reticulum which transports materials within the cell. The Golgi complex packages and transports materials, lysosomes break down waste, and mitochondria produce energy. Plant cells also contain vacuoles for water storage, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a cell wall for support and protection.

1. Cell Structures, Functions and
Transport
By
MAHESH D. MAHENDRAKAR
Lecturer in Biotechnology.

2. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolu
s
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm

3. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
1. Nucleus
 Nickname: “The Control Center”
 Function: holds the DNA
 Parts:
1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the
nucleus that helps make ribosomes

4. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm

5. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
2. Ribosomes
 Function: makes proteins
 Found in all cells, prokaryotic and
eukaryotic

6. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
 Nickname: “Roads”
 Function: The internal delivery system of
the cell

7. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes

8. Endoplasmic Reticulum
 2 Types:
1. Rough ER:
 Rough appearance because it has
ribosomes
 Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it
has ribosomes
1. Smooth ER:
 NO ribosomes
 Function: makes fats or lipids

9. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Complex
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm

10. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
4. Golgi Complex
 Nickname: The shippers
 Function: packages, modifies, and
transports materials to different location
inside/outside of the cell
 Appearance: stack of pancakes

11. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm

12. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than
ribosomes)
 Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
 Function: to break down food into
particles the rest of the cell can use and
to destroy old cells

13. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm

14. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
6. Mitochondria
 Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
 Function: Energy formation

Breaks down food to make ATP
 ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that
require energy

16. Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm

17.  Now let’s talk about structures only
found in PLANT Cells!!

18. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuol
e

19. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
7. Vacuoles
 Function: stores water

This is what makes lettuce crisp
 When there is no water, the plant wilts

20. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts

21. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
8. Chloroplasts
 Function: traps energy from the sun to
produce food for the plant cell
 Green in color because of chlorophyll,
which is a green pigment

22. Chloroplasts

23. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell
Wall

24. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
9. Cell Wall
 Function: provides support and
protection to the cell membrane
 Found outside the cell membrane in plant
cells

25. Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm

26. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Animal