This document discusses chiaroscuro, an Italian term meaning light and dark. During the Renaissance, artists began using shading techniques to add volume to drawings and paintings. Specifically, chiaroscuro refers to using value gradation of color and dividing light and shadow shapes to suggest three-dimensional volume. Strong chiaroscuro became popular during the 16th century and was used by artists like Caravaggio, who developed tenebrism using dramatic contrasts between light and dark. Tenebrism was particularly practiced in Spain and Naples.