1. Corrosion is a major challenge in oil production and refining due to its economic and safety impacts. It is primarily caused by mineral acids like hydrogen chloride formed by hydrolysis of salts in crude oil. 2. Significant research has focused on developing new corrosion-resistant materials and procedures to reduce water content and neutralize acids in crude oil. This has resulted in new coatings, chemical reagents, and surface-active substances that neutralize acids and break emulsions. 3. Various organic compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen and phosphorus are commonly used as corrosion inhibitors in the oil industry. They function through mechanisms like forming protective films on metal surfaces through adsorption or precipitation.

1. SPE 155211
Review on Materials for Corrosion Prevention in Oil Industry
Anshul Arora, Siddharth Kumar Pandey
Rajiv Gandhi Institute Of Petroleum Technology, Rae Bareli, India
Copyright 2012, Society of Petroleum Engineers
This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Oilfield Corrosion held in Aberdeen, UK, 28–29 May 2012.
This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE program committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper have not been
reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material does not necessarily reflect any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, its
officers, or members. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper without the written consent of the Society of Petroleum Engineers is prohibited. Permission to
reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of SPE copyright.
Abstract
Among the many challenges faced in production and refining of crude oil, corrosion stands out due to its
potential impact and associated economic and safety concerns. The primary cause of corrosion is the
presence of mineral acids such as hydrogen chloride formed by hydrolysis of salts present in crude oil.
Currently, significant research efforts have been devoted to design and develop new materials and
procedures to reduce the water content and neutralize the acids in crude. These efforts have resulted in
development of new corrosion-proof materials for coating in pipelines, chemical reagents and surface
active substances for neutralization of acids as well as breaking of emulsions. Anionic, cationic and non-
ionic surface active reagents are reported to be effective in demulsification application. Particularly the
amphiphilic block copolymers, such as polyetyleneoxide-block-polypropylene oxide are used globally
for the process of demulsification. Various organic amines are used in the overheads of atmospheric
columns for neutralization of acids. Numerous nitrogenated compounds are also used as corrosion
inhibitors in different refining operations. HERCULES-30617, KEMLIX-1123X and DEOL-4241 are
some of commercial names used for the purpose of corrosion inhibition.
Hence we are deeply motivated to review all the recent research progresses that will provide us the
impetuous to analyze the existing shortcomings and design and develop new materials with possible
applications in above mentioned areas.
Keywords: Corrosion, demulsification, inhibition, anionic, electrochemical
1. Introduction:
Oil industry that is production, transportation and processing of oil consumes 8% of all metal which
is made in the world. At the same time, oil industry is characterized by high corrosive activity of media
at all the stages of production, transportation and processing of oil. In this industry the corrosive wear of
metal determines duration and fail-safety of equipment, duration of overhaul periods and expenses of
equipment repairs. Losses caused by corrosion consist not only of the loss of metal mass but also cause
worsening of equipment functional properties. Latter considerably exceed direct losses, such as
suspension of production, explosion, fires, ecological catastrophes related to the accidents on oil and gas
pipelines, damage of reservoirs, piping, breakage of vehicles, surface and underground structures, etc.
The presence of corrosive components in transported fluids negatively affects metal in oil production,

2. 2 SPE 155211
refinery, transportation and processing operations. The degree of corrosive damage to oil production
equipment is determined by the degree of heterogeneity of the extracted fluid, the content of corrosive
gases (carbon dioxide [CO2] and/or hydrogen sulphide [H2S]), the degree of mineralisation in the
aqueous phase and the variability of the corrosion activity of technological media in the course of
exploration of a given deposit. In today’s industrial world there is a focus on cost savings and there is a
continuous search for new innovative technologies and solutions to extend the working life of existing
assets and infrastructure while lowering environmental impact. The world of pipelines is no different in
its search for smarter and greener solutions. As a large number of liquid transport pipelines continue to
mature and maintenance and operating costs continue to rise there has been an increased focus on
finding environmentally friendly, innovative solutions to achieve these goals.
In spite of much advancement in the field of corrosion science and technology, the phenomenon of
corrosion (mainly of Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, Mg and their alloys) remains a major concern to petroleum
industry. Though the serious consequences of corrosion can be controlled to a great extent by selection
of highly corrosion resistant materials, the cost factor associated with the same, favours the use of cheap
metallic materials along with efficient corrosion prevention methods in many industrial applications. In
this aspect, corrosion inhibitors have ample significance as individual inhibitors or as a component in
chemical formulations [1]. A large number of corrosion inhibitors have been developed and used for
application to various systems depending on the medium treated, the type of surface that is susceptible
to corrosion, the type of corrosion encountered, and the conditions to which the medium is exposed [2].
2. Discussion:
In most environments, metals are not inherently stable but tend to revert to compounds, which are more
stable; a process with is called corrosion [3]. Corrosion is derived from the Latin "corrosus" meaning
gnawed away. The definition of corrosion is "the chemical or electrochemical reaction between a
material and its environment that produces deterioration of the material or of its properties". On the
other hand, corrosion is considered as including combined forms of attack in which the simultaneous
occurrence of corrosion by chemical or electrochemical attack [4,5]. The chemical attack or dry
corrosion occurs under dry conditions, such as high temperatures in gaseous environments, molten salts
and liquid metals. Dry corrosion process is a direct reaction between a metal and the corrosive
environment. Dry corrosion is of great importance in a number of petroleum refining processes. It
includes the attack of hydrogen sulphide and other sulfur compounds on steel and various alloys at
elevated temperatures. Solutions to this type of corrosion generally depend on metallurgical approaches,
e.g. variations in composition, heat treatment of the selected metal or alloy. Wet corrosion is an
electrochemical process; in practice it is limited to nearly 232 ºC as an upper temperature. The
electrochemical corrosion results from reaction between a metal surface and an ion-conducting
environment. This process can occur if the metal contact with an electrolyte for transport of electric
current. Most cases of electrochemical corrosion proceed in aqueous media such as natural water,
atmospheric moisture, rain, and wet soil. Also, other environments e.g. acids, petroleum products,
cooling water, chemical solutions etc. For example, water is presented in refinery by different sources,
such as the crude itself, through injection of water of steam to aid in the steam distillation of various
petroleum fractions, water washing or aqueous solution contacting various intermediate and product
streams in refining and petrochemical processes. In refineries, acid (lower pH) attacks the active metals
such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Al and others[6]
As a rule, surface –active substances which produce a protective film over metal surface are inhibitors.
Inhibition is one of the simplest and economical methods of corrosion protection, However inhibitors
must meet following requirements: maximum protective action and minimum consumption; absence of
influence on the technological process proceeding, quality of products and work of catalyst. they should
be soluble or dispersible in water or brine, they should pass to an organic phase in insignificant amounts

3. SPE 155211 3
only, they should not create emulsions in water and condensates, they should be easily separable, they
should ensure a highly protective effect, they should prevent the formation of pitting, they should
prevent the hydrogenation of steel (in the case of the presence of H2S), they should be non-toxic and
they should have strong after-effects. Along with strong protective properties, another important
requirement for inhibitors is that their foaming and emulsifying abilities should be low, since foaming
and emulsification may impair the operating process of oil treatment: a corrosion inhibitor might cause a
working solution to foam, which would disturb the operation of the system. Systems for complex oil
treatment for transportation separate hydrocarbons–water liquid mixtures to isolate an oil fraction. The
corrosion inhibitors used to protect equipment and pipelines should not decelerate the separation of the
oil–water mixture. They must be economic, stable and harmless for attending personnel and the
environment. The inhibitors are classified according to their effect on the electrochemical reactions,
which make up the overall corrosion process, into three main types [7,8]:
2.1 Anodic Inhibitors:
These inhibitors affect the anodic reaction and its polarization curve. They show an increase in the
polarization (a large potential change results from a small current flow).
The anodic reaction whereby a metal dissolves while releasing electrons is:
Fe Fe2+
+ 2e (1)
or is converted into solid compound, such as:
2Al + 3H2O Al2O3 + 6H+
+ 6e (2)
The potential shifts to more positive direction (anodic direction), as shown in Fig. 1 [9]. The anodic
inhibitors function to reduce the dissolution rate of the passivating oxide [10] to repassivate the surface
by repairing or reformation the oxide film, to repair the oxide film by plugging pore with insoluble
compounds and to prevent the adsorption of aggressive anions. An example of this type of inhibitors is
chromate ions, which must be replaced by more environmentally inhibitors, such as rare earth elements
[11, 12], also, molybdate, nitrite and phosphate [13]. Organic compounds such as formaldehyde,
pyridine and polyethylene polymer used to inhibit steel corrosion. These types of inhibitors are
considered "dangerous inhibitors", especially, at lower concentrations pores and defects can arise on the
oxide layer, where the attack will be increased causing corrosion acceleration.
Fig 1. Schematic diagram shows effect of inhibitors on polarization curve.

4. 4 SPE 155211
2.3 Cathodic Inhibitors:
These types of inhibitors are mainly influence the cathodic reaction and the cathodic polarization curve,
as shown in Fig. 1.
For example, cathodic reaction proceeds in acid solution:
2H+ + 2e H2 (3)
Potential shifts towards more negative values (cathodic direction). Examples of the cathodic inhibitors
are polypposphate (sodium polyphosphate (Na2P2O7), Sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5 P3O10). Organic
compounds such as N-heterocyclic e.g. imidazole and benzimidazole. These inhibitors are added to
boilers to prevent adherent deposites of calcium and magnesium [14]. There are some cathodic
inhibitors such as arsenates, sulfides and selenides used to poisons the cathodic process by interferring
with the cathodic reaction (hydrogen atom formation and hydrogen gas evolution in acid medium,
equation 3). These inhibitors are environmentally unacceptable because they are toxic [15]. Generally,
cathodic inhibitors are considered "safe inhibitors", because they provide inhibition of the cathodic
reaction even with a very low concentartion of the inhibitor.
2.4 Mixed Inhibitors:
These inhibitors work to inhibit both anode and cathode reactions, as in Fig. (1). Benzotriazole is used
widely for copper and copper alloy protection [16, 17]. Quniolines and thiourea used to inhibit the
dissolution of mild steel in H2SO4. Amines, amides, acridines used to inhibit steel corrosion in HCl. The
inhibition is accomplished by one or more of some mechanisms such as [18, 19]:
1. Some inhibitors retard corrosion by adsorption to form a thin and invisible film on the material
surface.
2. Others form visible bulky precipitates, which coat the metal and protect it from attack.
3. Another common mechanism consists of causing the metal to corrode in such a way that a
combination of adsorption and corrosion product forms a passive layer.
The inhibitor can be transported to the metal surface from [20]:
- A liquid corrosive environment, in which the inhibitor is present in dissolved or dispersed form.
- A corrosion preventing fluid with an additive of inhibitor.
- The atmosphere in a package, in this case inhibitor is required having a suitable vapour pressure. It is
called volatile corrosion inhibitor or vapor phase inhibitors. They are transported in a closed system to
the site of corrosion by volatilization from a source. In boilers, volatile inhibitors such as morpholine or
octadecylamine are transported with steam to prevent corrosion in condenser tubes by neutralizing
acidic carbon dioxide. In closed vapor spaces, such as shipping containers, volatile solids such as
carbonate, and benzoate salts of dicyclohexylamine are used.
Different organic compounds containing nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen, phosphorus, silicon or other
substances are used as inhibitors. Petroleum refining mainly uses nitrogenated-containing compounds as
inhibitors. Inhibitors soluble in a hydrocarbon phase have undoubted advantages. They are able to form
hydrophobic film over surface of metal. The first step of inhibitor action is water displacement. The
ability to displace water and aggressive liquids from the surface of metal mainly determines protective
efficiency of inhibitor. The chemisorptions layer of inhibitor formed over the metal surface is the main
component of protective action. Chemisorption is determined by forces of chemical interaction which
predetermines considerable energy of connection between inhibitor molecules and metal surface. At
adsorption on the surface of iron or other metal containing uncompleted d-sublevels, organic inhibitors
serve as donors and metallic ion-as acceptors of electrons. Strength of adsorption connection depends on

5. SPE 155211 5
electronic density over the adsorption-active area of inhibitor molecule. That is why the protective effect
of inhibitors must be related to the parameters which characterize electronic-donor properties of
molecules. Atoms with unshared electronic pair or areas containing p-bound electrons are main
adsorption areas in the inhibitors molecule.There are three types of inhibitors: Chemisorption
compounds of donor type (sulphonates , amides); chemisorptions compounds of acceptor type( amines,
amides, organic acids, surface-active compounds aontaining phosphorus or sulphur in their molecule);
fast-acting SAS of screening typr(oxides petroleum products, such as paraffins, petroleum , as well as
fatty acids, glycerides, fats). As inhibitors are used compounds containing the following molecular
fragments:
Molecules which have a free electronic pair, as well as p-electron are presented in these fragments.
Thus, these inhibitors belong to the latter two types listed above and can operate using all possible
mechanism of corrosion inhibition. Development of such inhibitors will allow, obviously, obtaining
products with wide spectrum of application. Presently, most of inhibitors which are used in petroleum
refining are derivatives of imidazoline [21]. There are the same problems of choice of the optimum
composition when using imidazoline, as well as using other inhibitors. The system may be treated in any
place. It means that inhibitor may dissolve or easily disperse in water or in oil. Plenty of corrosion
inhibitors are presently for metal defence. The large assortment of these matters is explained by variety
of media and conditions under which inhibitors are used. Moreover, many chemical compounds have
inhibiting properties. Inhibitors of TAL-M type were widely used in industry for the corrosion
protection of apparatus and equipment [22]. Corrosion takes place under the action of oil, gas
condensates, brines and products of water condensates (which contain the dissolved aggressive gasses,
such as chlorous hydrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, etc). The package of ―Hercules‖
reagents is developed by the laboratory of technology of oils preparation of JSC‖VNIP‖ (Russia).
―Hercules-30617‖ was tested for a corrosion protection of condensation refrigeration equipment (CRE)
of the primary oil processing plants [23]. The result obtained testifies that ―Hercules‖ reagents provide
the effective corrosion protection of equipment. Industrial application of Kamelix 1123X corrosion
inhibitor, produced by ISI firm (Great Britain) showed satisfactory results. It is recommende to add 3-5
g/ton of this film –forming inhibitor.‖RENA- Naftokhim -8‖ inhibitor is intended for the corrosion
protection of oil-and-gas equipment and water-pipes which support layer pressure. Corrosion is caused
by hydrogen sulphide, carbonic acid, and mineralized stratal waters. ―DEOL-4241‖ inhibitor is intented
for corrosion protection of apparatus and equipment in the media of oil, aqueous solution of salts,
condensates, hydrocarbons and water vapours, aggressive gasses [24]. It is an inhibitor with optimal
composition consisting of amides and polyamine naphthenic acids. Hydrophobic layer is formed due to
the amide adsorption over the metal surface. Such a layer prevents interaction between aggressive
medium and metal. Interaction between amine and sulphuretted hydrogen (or HCl) neutralizes the main
part of acid gasses.
The inhibition in oil and gas field is more complicated and requires specialty inhibitors depending on
the area of application such as in refineries, wells, recovery units, pipelines etc. Aggressive gases such
as H2S, CO2, and organic acids complicate the problem of inhibition in wells. Corrosion problems in
petroleum refining operations associated with naphthenic acid constituents and sulphur compounds in
crude oils have been recognized for many years. It is particularly severe in atmospheric and vacuum

6. 6 SPE 155211
distillation units at higher temperatures, 175-400 °C. Dissolved O2 is the main species causing corrosion
in recovery units. Dry corrosion is of great importance in refinery processes. HCl may form in refineries
as a by-product. O2, CO2 and H2S intensify corrosion problems in natural gas pipelines. Wet corrosion in
refineries can be controlled by passivating, neutralizing or adsorption type inhibitors. Slag inhibitors are
used along with the corrosion inhibitors to reduce deposits. Both water soluble and oil soluble inhibitors
are used in pipelines. Adsorption type inhibitors are widely used for preventing internal corrosion of
pipelines carrying refined petroleum products. In general, where the operating temperatures and/or the
acid concentrations are higher, a proportionately higher amount of the corrosion inhibitor composition
will be required. It is preferable to add the inhibitor composition at a relatively high initial dosage rate,
about 2000 to 5000 ppm, and to maintain this level for a relatively short period of time until the presence
of the inhibitor induces build-up of a corrosion protective coating on the metal surfaces. Once the
protective coating is established, the dosage may be reduced to an operational range, about 10 to 100
ppm. It is known that nitrogen based corrosion inhibitors are relatively ineffective in the high
temperature environment. Also, the phosphorus-containing compounds may impair the function of
various catalysts used to treat crude oil. Catalytic polymerization of tall oil fatty acids such as oleic and
linoleic acids give varying amounts of dimerized and trimerized fatty acids. These dimer and/or trimer
fatty acids may be neutralized with an appropriate amine; which the oil industry has traditionally
employed as an oil-soluble inhibitor for reducing corrosion in oil well piping and related recovery
equipment. Over the years, the corrosion inhibition art has looked for alternatives to the dimer/trimer
acid-based product. Of particular interest in this regard is the class of fatty acid-based products which
have been functionalized with maleic anhydride and/or fumaric acid. The fatty acids can first be
maleated followed by an oxidation. Alternatively, the fatty acid material can first be oxidized and then
the oxidized fatty acid product can be maleated [25]. Zagidullin et al. patented a terephthalic acid based
method for corrosion inhibition. An acid inhibitor is prepared by interaction of polyethylene-polyamine
with terephthalic acid at 150-190 0
C for 4-8 h in the molar ratio of 2:1, followed by reaction with benzyl
chloride at 80 0
C for 5 h. The product was used as a component along with urotropin and neonol in
water [26]. Rhodanine (2-thioxo-4- thiazolidinone) and its 3- or 5- derivatives are patented as a Fe
corrosion inhibitor of oil refining equipment in carbonic acid derivatives [27]. Zetlmeisl et al. disclosed
a method for inhibiting naphthenic acid corrosion at high temperatures based on novel thiophosphorus
compounds [28]. Subramaniyan et al. patented a polyisobutylene phosphorous sulfur compound as
corrosion inhibitors for high temperature naphthenic acid corrosion and sulphur corrosion. This results
in improved performance as well as a decreased phosphorus requirement. The compound is obtained by
reaction of high reactive polyisobutylene with P2S5 in presence of sulphur powder [29]. Huang et al.
patented a reaction product of thiophosphate (produced by reaction of phosphide with fatty alcohols)
with spiro-diester (product of reaction of alkenyl succinic anhydride with organic amine using inorganic
salts as catalyst) as high temperature corrosion inhibitor [30]. Alykov et al. patented 1-nitro-3,3-
diphenyl-1-[3-(3- nitrophenyl)-1,2,4-oxydiazol-5-yl]-2,3-diazoprop-1-ene, that was obtained by
condensation reaction of equimolar quantities of substituted 3-aryl-5-nitromethyl-1,2,4- oxadiazol with
1,1-diphenylhydrazine in ethoxyethane medium; as corrosion inhibitor for metal protection against acid
corrosion in oil and gas pipelines for non-alloyed steels [31]. Strak et al. patented a method for
inhibiting corrosion in a separation unit that comprising treating the unit with inhibitors selected from
the group consisting of dodecenyl succinic acid, and di-hexyl succinic acid [32]. Leinweber patented
low toxic, water soluble and biodegradable corrosion inhibitors of metal salt of CH3SCH2 CH2 CH
(NHCOR) COOH containing anionic and cationic surfactants [33, 34]. Bhat et al. disclosed a non
chromate aqueous corrosion inhibitor composition for metallic surfaces exposed to medium of pH 4,
comprising of an anodic corrosion inhibitor (ammonium heptamolybdate/sodium orthovanadate), a
cathodic corrosion inhibitor (cerium chloride) and a metal complexing ligand (trisodium citrate-2-
hydrate); dissolving the blended product in water as 2.5 wt.% solution [35]. Nacetyl- 2-(2,3-
dihydroxycilopentenyl) aniline with concentrations 50-200 mg/L was proposed as an inhibitor of
corrosion in mineralized water petroleum solutions including H2S [36]. 2-propyl-3-ethyl-8-

7. SPE 155211 7
oxychinoline-ZnCl2 complex was disclosed as a steel corrosion inhibitor for petroleum production
applications in mineralized media with high O2 content. The compound is manufactured by
condensation of ZnCl2 containing o-aminophenol with an oil aldehyde in benzene followed by reaction
with ZnCl2 [37]. Acidic fluids (HCl, HF etc) are often used as a treating fluid in wells penetrating
subterranean formations for cleanup operations or stimulation operations for oil and gas wells. Corrosion
inhibitor intensifiers have been used to extend the performance range of a selected acid corrosion
inhibitor. Most intensifiers such as KI, Sb-based compounds etc have temperature, time, and
environmental drawbacks. Wilson e al. disclosed 2-chloro-2,2-diphenylacetic acid and 2-
bromoisobutyric acid as corrosion inhibitor intensifiers [38]. Beloglazov et al. disclosed an antipyrine
derivative as aninhibitor against microbilogical (myxromycete) corrosion of equipment made of carbon
steel and alloy steel with cadmium coating [39].
One of the causes of wear in an internal combustion engine is corrosion of the metal surfaces of the
engine. The corrosion promoting compounds present in the crankcase are principally weak organic acids
which may result from nitration and oxidation of the lubricating oil due to contamination by blow-by
gases and exposure of the lubricant to high temperatures. For the purpose of preventing corrosivity by
these compounds on the various engine parts, it is necessary to incorporate dispersants, detergents, and
corrosion inhibitors in the lubricating oil composition. It is desirable to minimize the amount of
phosphorus in lubricants. Although phosphorus does not contribute to ash, it can lead to poisoning of
catalysts. Boudreau disclosed a lubricant composition containing P and S free organotungstates
imparting improved antiwear, corrosion, and antioxidant properties. The organic tungsten complex is a
reaction product of a mono- or diglyceride and a tungsten source, or of a secondary amine, a fatty acid
derivative and a tungsten source [40]. Corrosion inhibitors such as oil soluble 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-
thiadiazole or hydrocarbyl- substituted 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole derivative was used in a
patented lubricating composition by Tipton etal. [41]. Na or Ca salt of dinonylnaphthalene-sulfonic acid
was used as a corrosion inhibitor in vegetable oil based lubricants [42]. A patented phosphorous free
additive composition contains a hydrocarbyl-substituted 1, 2, 4- triaxole corrosion inhibitor [43]. Ivanov
et al. disclosed an inhibitor composition as additives into motor oils and lubricating cooling liquids that
contains a lanthanum oxide, triglycerides of higher carboxylic acids, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid,
alkanolamine, lanthanum nitrate and organic solvent in the balance [44].
2.5 Application of corrosion inhibitors:
Most of the described above corrosion inhibitors are widely used and continue to be used in oil industry
of Ukraine. However, determination of efficiency of these inhibitors was carried out under different
conditions (temperatures, inhibitors, consumption, aggressiveness of media, etc.). So, we decided to
compare efficiency of inhibitor used in Ukraine under identical conditions.
Efficiency of Dodicor 3747, Kamelix 1123 X, 25-13-R, RENA-Naftokhlim-8 and DEOL-4241
inhibitors were compared. Inhibitor consumption was in the range of 10-100 g/ton depending upon
medium corrosiveness. Experiments were carried out by researchers in monophase and diphasic media.
The results of the research of inhibitor efficiency in a monophase medium are presented in Fig 2[44].

8. 8 SPE 155211
Fig 2. Inhibitor protective effect in monophase medium.
Inhibitor specific consumption was in the range of 50-100 g/ton. The low level of protective action of all
inhibitors is explained by high corrosive activity of the medium. Under the desired condition Kamelix
1123X, TAL-25-13-R, RENA-Naftokhlim-8 and DEOL-4241 had the greatest efficiency. Other
inhibitors showed less protective action in the investigated monophase medium. The results of the
researches of inhibitor efficiency in diphasic medium are presented in Fig 3[44].
Fig 3. Inhibitor protective effect in diaphasic medium.
P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
V
E
E
F
F
E
C
T
%
Dodicor 3747 Kamelix 1123 X AKS OR-2K TAL-25-13-R DEOL-4241 RENA-Naftokhlim-8
P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
V
E
E
F
F
E
C
T
%
Kamelix 1123 X DEOL-4241 TAL-25-13-R AKS OR-2K RENA-Naftokhlim-8

9. SPE 155211 9
Similar to previous cases Kamelix 1123X, TAL-25-13-R, RENA- Naftokhim-8 and DEOL-4241 had the
greatest efficiency. DEOL-4241 was the most effective at consumption equal to 10g/ton. At
consumption of 25g/ton its efficiency is commensurate with efficiencies of TAL-25-13-R and RENE-
Naftokhim-8 inhibitors. The increase of specific consumption of AKS and OR-2K inhibitors higher than
25g/ton practically does not influence their efficiencies. One can see that inhibitor efficiency depends on
its concentration in an aggressive medium and on medium nature. Graphic comparison of inhibitor
efficiency in different media at the specific consumption of 50g/ton is represented in Fig 4[44].
Characters of inhibitors action are different. Some of them have low efficiency both in monophase and
in diphasic media, e.g. OR-2K and AKS. Some of them have high efficiency in both media, e.g. DEOL-
4241, TAL-25-13-R, Kamelix1123-X, RENA- Naftokhim-8.
Fig 4. Inhibitor protective effect in monophasic and diaphasic media at specific consumption of 50g/ton
3. Conclusion:
Different kinds of inhibitor can be used to protect equipments and pipelines from corrosion by the many
corrosive media used in oil industry. However, in many cases the implementation of accumulated
experience and its formal transfer from one deposit to another is ineffective. It is necessary to select the
optimum protective measures, including inhibitors, in each particular case. R&D in different areas of
corrosion inhibitors is exploring newer methods and products. Recent works in the field of corrosion
inhibition are reviewed here and are presented according to the area of application of the inhibitors.
Conventional inorganic inhibitors continue to be a major component in many patented inhibitor
combinations. Few novel inhibitors are introduced. Many of the reports deal with novel inhibition
methods in various applications.
We can conclude that efficiencies of explored inhibitors depend on their specific consumption and
medium nature. Experimental results carried out by researchers shows that DEOL-4241, RENA –
Naftokhim-8, TAL-25-13-R and Kamelix 1123X are most effective inhibitors. Efficiencies of these
demulsifiers are commensurate. They have the same high efficiency both in monophase and diphasic
media. Expedience of the application of any corrosion inhibitor can be determined only after
investigation and production tests and correlation of inhibitor consumption with its cost.
P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
V
E
E
F
F
E
C
T
%
Kamelix 1123 X DEOL-4241 TAL-25-13-R AKS OR-2K RENA-Naftokhlim-8

10. 10 SPE 155211
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