Robots in Museums - An Analysis of Best Practice in HRI

Robots in Museums
An Analysis of Best Practice in Human Robot Interaction

Andreas Bischof, M.A. Cultural Science
Graduate School CrossWorlds
University of Technology Chemnitz
06/14/2012

14.06.2012 Andreas Bischof, M.A.

Content

1. What Robots? From a Cultural Concept to „Robotics“, 3 Min.
Social Robots as border crossers

2. Robots in Museums Scenario „Tour Guide“; Timeline; 3 Examples: 8 Min.
Pioneer, robust & class winner

3. Designing HRI Having Ideas, lacking Methods; What can HRI 7 Min.
learn from Museums Robots?

4. What‘s up? Open Issues; Project Idea CrossWorlds 2 Min.


1. What Robots?

Cultural Concept “Robot”
What does „Robotics“ do?


1. What Robots?

Cultural Concept „Robots“

ANCIENT WORLD
- artificial, man-like, subserving (i.e. Talus)

MIDDLE AGES & RENAISSANCE
- mechanic / automatic (DaVinci, Al-Jazari)
- souled, threatening (Golem)

18th & 19th CENTURY
- androids (Jaquet-Droz, E.T.A. Hoffmann )
- artificial life (Frankenstein‘s Monster)

20th CENTURY
- Robots as Members of Society
- Robots as Replacement for Humans


1. What Robots?

3 Strands from Cultural concepts of „Robots“


1. What Robots?

What is „Robotics“ doing?


1. What Robots?


- Informational Gap due to Perspective Problem: users are not experts; creators
are not users

- People make sense about machines:
Theory of Mind
Uncanny Valley

- Robots in social and everyday scenarios are confronted with these cultural
concepts!


2. Robots in Museums

Scenario “Tour Guide”
Lock Back - Timeline
Minerva – The pioneer
Fraunhofer Robots – robust species
RoboX – Class Winner



Scenario „Tour-Guide Robots“

Challenges:
crowded ‘real’ environment, no laboratory
uninformed, untrained users
set of everyday tasks
short length of use  „Spontaneous Short-Term Interaction“

Motivations:
Robots as Demonstrators
Robots as learning objects
Robots as attraction for museal context
Robots as Products



Minerva – The Pioneer



Minerva – The Pioneer

Features making her a Trendsetter:

- on the fly task planning

- constructors aim: „believable agent“ - display internal states to reach attended goals




- 40 km / day each
- working since 11 years

- simple Navigation (scratched map)
- simple Presentation (everything fixed)

- limited interactional potential
 darlings of the public!



RoboX – class winner



RoboX – class winner

secret of success: human-like interactional behaviour

- ‚natural‘ perception (Face, Voice)

- ‚natural‘ expression (facial expression, 7 emotional states)

- includes Reactive Presentation Scenarios



Comparing

Minerva Fraunhofer-Robots RoboX
built 1997 built 2000 built 2002
Main Task Guiding Attracting Guiding

Mapping live scratched live

Task Planning on the fly fixed on the fly, reactive

Perception obstacle avoidance obstacle avoidance Face, Voice, Buttons

Internal States 4 States 2 States 7 States

Expression Screen, Voice, Face Screen, Voice Screen, Voice, Face

Presentation of Reactive Scenarios:
Content* adapted: "crowded?" initialized: "people?" "yes/no?"
(canned)


3. Designing HRI

Colliding Term “Interaction”
Having ideas, lacking Methods
Results of Inquiry
2 principles


3. Designing HRI

Human Robot Interaction: Colliding Definitions of „Interaction“

Informatics: one-way; Human > Computer
i.e. dragging, pushing, zooming, manipulating

Average Joe: mixture of both; tends to anthropomorphise
technical artifacts

Social Sciences: both ways; Human <> Human (or others?)
i.e. talking, coordination on sidewalk, presenting a paper


3. Designing HRI

Having Ideas, lacking Methods

- a lot of (successfull) ideas in designing HRI, but no methodical reflected
procedures to modell user or specific interaction scenarios up front

- i.e. „What does it mean for the user to be in a Museum?“

- Newer developments: Axiomatic Design, Interaction Design


3. Designing HRI

What is the problem about this HRI trial and error?

What they say… … what happens

We thought… ? … this specific Voice /
Content / Menu would
be approperiate.

The Robot does… … recognizes
person, asks for
aternatives.


3. Designing HRI

Nevertheless they evaluated HRI
(3 out of 60 papers)

- "people are basically destructive" (Nourbakhsh et al. 2002a)

- most attracting: motion and awareness of human presence

- most effective: dialogical interactions, multi modality

- Physical design: height between 1.50 - 1.60 m for interactional robots

- Children are significantly higher attracted by robots than adults


Which principles make HRI successfully?
(making the other 57 papers talking)

- Knowing about interactional structures makes robots better interaction
partners

- Form follows function: HCI input can be adopted easily

- Perception of humans in a human way raises potential for adaptive behaviour
(from „something?“ to „somebody!“)


3. Designing HRI

„Honesty“ „Deception“

transparent design: impressive design:
tutorial-welcoming character design
showing (real) states and goals use of professional Storytellers

allowing the user to understand using the (cultural and social pre-
the machine‘s (and it‘s formed) narratives and Typecasts
constructor‘s) intention of everyday-life

both principles can achieve trust (Reliability)!
both principles can lead to Uncanny Valley problems!


4. What‘s up?

Fields to Improve
Questions on our Project
Project Idea CrossWorlds


4. What‘s up?

Fields to improve
(technical & HRI)

Everything concerning human speech
more ‚natural‘ HRI

Multi-User Usability (i.e. age)

Interacting with Web Devices Locomotion Concepts

adjust robot‘s features to the Museum‘s goals


Questions for our Project

- Motivation: learning object, demonstrator, museum feature?

- Scenario: What Problem does the robot solves in the Museum?

- Fame: What do we do better than others?


4. What‘s up

Just an Idea…

- foster interactions between visitors
- attach robot features to the museum‘s needs
- foster collaboration between graduate school members


Robots in Museums - An Analysis of Best Practice in HRI

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