1. ACKNOWLEDGEME
NT
WE GREATFULLY WANT TO
ACKNOWLEDGE AND GIVE THANKS TO
OUR SPEACIAL SOCIAL TEACHER AND
RESPECTED SIR TO GIVE US SUCH A
GREAT OPPORTUNITY BY GIVING US THE
TASK TO
PREPARE A POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
IN WHICH WE HAVE TRIED TO MAKE
PEOPLE KNOW ABOUT IT AND DEVELOP
OUR KNOWLEDGE .

2. THE BHUJ EARTHQUAKE OCCURRED ON 26
JANUARY 2001 ON THE INDIA’S 51 REPUBLIC
DAY.IT WAS VERY VERY HUGE AND
DISASTEROUS AND CAUSE MANY
DEATHS.PEOPLE TODAY ALSO REAMEMBER
ABOUT THAT AS IT HAS LEAVED VERY BIG
IMPACT ON THEM. ABOUT 20,000 PEOPLE
WERE KILLED AND ABOUT 167,000 WERE
INJURED AND 40,000 HOMES WERE
DESTROYED.
THE EARTHQUAKE WAS 6.9 ON RICHTER
SCALE

3. Date The 2001 Gujarat earthquake
January 26, 2001 (2001- occurred on January
01-26) 26, 2001, India's 51st Republic
Magnitude Day, at 08:46 AM local time (3:16
7.7 Mw[1] UTC) and lasted for over two
Depth minutes. The epicentre was about 9
16 kilometres (10 mi) km south-southwest of the village
Epicenter location of Chobari[3] in Bhachau Taluka of
Yellow star marks Kutch District of Gujarat, India.[4]
epicentre The earthquake reached a
Countries or regions magnitude of between 7.6 and 7.7
affected on the moment magnitude scale
India and had a maximum felt intensity of
Max. intensity X (Intense) on the Mercalli intensity
X (Intense) scale. The quake killed around
Casualties 20,000 people (including 18 in
19,727 believed South eastern Pakistan), injured
dead, 166,001 injured [3] another 167,000 and destroyed
nearly 400,000 homes.[5]

4. DESCRIPTI
ON
 The 2001 Gujarat earthquake occurred on January
26, 2001, India's 51st Republic Day, at 08:46 AM local time
(3:16 UTC) and lasted for over two minutes. The epicentre
was about 9 km south-southwest of the village of Chobari[3] in
Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District of Gujarat, India.[4] The
earthquake reached a magnitude of between 7.6 and 7.7 on
the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum felt
intensity of X (Intense) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The
quake killed around 20,000 people (including 18 in South
eastern Pakistan), injured another 167,000 and destroyed
nearly 400,000 homes.[5]
 This was an intraplate earthquake, one that occurred at a
distance from any plate boundary where plate tectonics
create most earthquakes, so the area was not well prepared.
The event was the result of stored energy in a collision
margin. The shock waves spread 700 km. 21 districts were
affected and 600,000 people left homeless.

5.  The four urban centers of Kachchh namely
Anjar, Bhuj, Bhachau and Rapar were replanned after the
earthquake. The Bhuj city which had an area of 19 square
kilometer before the earthquake was expanded to an area of
56 square km. Three relocations sites were developed to
decongest the inner city of Bhuj. The names of these sites
are- rawalwadi, RTO and Mundra site.
 The final death toll in Kutch was 12,290 Bhuj, situated only 20
kilometres (14 miles) from the epicenter, was devastated.
Considerable damage also occurred in Bhachau and Anjar
with hundreds of villages flattened in Taluka of Anjar, Bhuj &
Bhachau. Over a million structures were damaged or
destroyed, including many historic buildings and tourist
attractions.[6] The quake destroyed around 40% of
homes, eight schools, two hospitals and 4 km of road in Bhuj
and partly destroyed the city's historic Swaminarayan temple.
In Ahmedabad, Gujarat's commercial capital with a population
of 4.6 million, as many as 50 multi-storied buildings collapsed
and several hundred people were killed. Total property
damage was estimated at $5.5 billion and rising. The
earthquake destroyed 60% of usable food and water supplies
in Kutch.
 The district collector Anil Mukim oversaw the early delivery of
aid and equipment to affected villages but later called for aid
to cease as it encouraged a "relief mentality" which would
delay a return to normal life.[7]

6. CAUSES OF THE
EARTHQUAKE
Bhuj earthquake of 26 January 2001: Tectonic inversion, lithospheric flexure and plate motion and
comparison with Shillong and New Madrid earthquakes The Bhuj earthquake of 26 January 2001
(Figure 1) of Mw 7.6, with focal depth of
24–25 km was o of the most devastating
earthquakes outside plate boundaries. Various
seismological studies have suggested
that it is caused by an E–W-oriented
thrust1–3. Kachchh rift basin basically developed
during the Mesozoic period4 andis therefore characterized by an extensional
phase followed by a compressional
phase during closure of the basin. In this
respect, it is analogous to the New Madrid
earthquake of 1811–12 in USA of almost
the same magnitude, and both the events
have often been compared with each other5,6.
But there are also several differences between the two, the most important being their distance with respect
to plate boundaries.
is within 200–300 km of the plate boundary
(inset, Figure 1) while that of the New The epicentre of the Bhuj earthquake
Madrid earthquake is at least 2000 km
away from any known plate boundary.
However, the epicentral areas of both these
earthquakes have been associated with
Precambrian–Cambrian collision zones related
to Aravalli–Delhi and Appalachian
orogeny respectively. Such zones world
over are weak, characterized by seismic
activity.

7.  The epicenter was near the remote Little Rann
of Kutch, but within 150 to 200 kilometers of
several villages and towns. The proximity to
populated areas, coupled with a shallow 17-
kilometer focus, resulted in massive
destruction and fatalities. The area is mainly
barren, with the exception of a belt of arable
land stretching along the shore of the Gulf of
Kachchh. The affected area also experienced
magnitude 5.0 to 5.8 aftershocks for several
days subsequent to the main earthquake (

9. Bhuj earthquake and its tectonic setting
 The Mw=7.7 earthquake occurred in the
morn-ing of January 26, 2001, on the
Republic Day of India. The epicenter is
located at 23.40ºN and 70.32ºE near Bhuj
in the province of Gujarat, India (Fig. 2).
The official death toll from the India
government was close to twenty
thousand [Bendick et al., 2001].
Thousands of houses were destroyed and
more than half million of people were
left homeless. Initial results indicate a
shallow (~20 km) focal depth, with a
roughly E-W trending thrust fault plane
[NEIC; Gaur et al., 2001]. Based on the
aftershock data, the rapture was
estimated to have occurred along a
plane with a 50-100 km along-strike
length and 15-30 km down-dip rap-ture
width. The slip was 1-4 m, reaching ~12 m
near the hypocenter [Antolik and
Dreger, 2001; Bendick et al., 2001]. This
event apparently caused few surface
scarps [EERI, 2001; Rajen-dran et
al., 2001].

10. DAMAGE CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKE
 The 26 January 2001 earthquake in Gujarat was the most
devastating seismic event to affect the state since the last
magnitude 7.7 event in 1819. More than 20,000 people died and
over 167,000 injuries were reported. Both rail and highway
traffic into and out of the entire Kachchh region was completely
cut off for two days. Numerous bridges, dams, and ports were
destroyed or severely damaged as a result of liquifaction of the
blue marine clay soil on which they are constucted.
Approximately 1,000,000 homes were destroyed or seriously
damaged, as were many commercial, industrial, and public
utility facilities. Total blackout resulted in several towns and
villages; communications in Bhuj were disrupted for two days
when fiber optic cables were damaged, and water supplies were
affected as liquifaction caused some wells to become turbid and
others tested positive for metal contaminants and anaerobic
sludge .

11. DAMAGES BY EARTHQUAKE
2001

12. PEOPLE AFFECTED BY EARTHQUAKE
 Many people were affected by the
bhuj earthquake 2001 which was
about 6.9 on richter scale.more
than 20,000 people died and over
18,000 people were injuried.most of
the people lost their houses and
family and were badly
affected.the earthquake caused
death of about 100 persons and
injured hundrends more.

13. BY THIS PRESENTATION WE CONCLUDE
THAT -
IT WAS VERY DANGEROUS AND SO WE
SHOULD PRAY TO GOD THAT NEXT
TIME THEY MAY NOT COME AND ALSO
GOVERNMENT SHOULD TAKE STEPS
TO RECOVER THE DAMAGES CAUSED BY
IT AND ALSO TO SAVE THE PEOPLE
AFFECTED BY SUCH DISASTERS . THE
GOVERNMENT CAN ALSO PROVIDE SOME
MONEY TO THE PEOPLE WHO SURVIVED
SO THAT THEY CAN GO ANYWHERE ELSE
AND MANAGE THERE