2. INTRODUCTION
URBANIZATION REFERS
TO THE PROPORTION OF
PEOPLE IN LIVING IN
CITIES.
IT ALSO REFERS TO THE
PROCESS IN WHICH
RURAL POPULATIONS
MOVE TO URBAN AREAS.
URBANIZATION REFERS TO
ALL OF THE CITIES IN A
COUNTRY, CONSIDERED
AS AN URBAN SYSTEM.
3. INTRODUCTION
URBANIZATION IS CLOSELY
LINKED TO
MODERNIZATION,
INDUSTRAILIZATION,
SOCIOLOGICAL PROCESS.
URBANIZATION CAN BE
DEFINE AS THE
PROPORTION OF TOTAL
POPULATION OR AREA IN
CITIES OR TOWNS, THE
TERM CAN DESCRIBE THE
INCREASE OF THIS
PROPORTION OVER TIME.
SO IT CAN REPRESENT THE
4. URBANIZATION SCENARIO IN
INDIA
INDIA’S CITIES ARE
EXPANDING ON A LARGER
SCALE AND AT A FASTER
PACE THAN EVER BEFORE.
TO DATE, THOUGH, THE
COUNTRY HAS AVOIDED
DEALING WITH THE HARD
QUESTIONS ABOUT HOW
BEST TO MANAGE ITS
MASSIVE URBANIZATION.
MANAGED POORLY, INDIA’S
CITIES WILL FALL FURTHER
INTO DECAY AND GRIDLOCK,
5. URBANIZATION SCENARIO IN INDIA
HANDLED WELL, THIS URBAN EXPANSION WILL BE THE
KEY TO INDIA’S CONTINUING ECONOMIC SUCCESS.
A LACK OF EFFECTIVE POLICIES TO MANAGE
URBANIZATION COULD JEOPARDIZE INDIA’S GDP
(GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT)GROWTH RATE.
BUT INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE SHOWS THAT INDIA
COULD TURN ITS CITIES AROUND IN A DECADE.
IF THE COUNTRY MAKES AND EXECUTES THE RIGHT
POLICY CHOICES, IT COULD BOOST ANNUAL GDP BY 1
TO 1.5 PERCENTAGE POINTS.
WITH RAPIDLY INCREASING POPULATION IN THE URBAN
AREAS, URBANIZATION HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE
MOST SERIOUS CHALLENGES BEFORE THE PLANNERS.
6. PROBLEMS IN URBANIZATION
SOURCE OF LIGHTING-
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
HAVING AN ELECTRIC SOURCE
OF ENERGY IS MUCH HIGHER
THAN IN THE RURAL AREAS,
THEY HAD TO DEPEND ON
OTHER SOURCES LIKE
KEROSENE.
AVAILABILITY OF EDUCATION
FACILITIES -IN THE URBAN
AREAS IS ALSO A KEY AREA,
PARTICULARLY FOR THE POOR.
THE POORER SECTIONS FIND IT
HARD TO HAVE THE BASIC
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES. THE
7. PROBLEMS IN URBANIZATION
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES-LACK OF
GOOD HEALTHCARE FACILITIES IS
ALSO AN AREA OF SERIOUS
CONCERN. MORE THAN HALF OF
INDIA’S URBAN POOR CHILDREN
ARE UNDERWEIGHT AND THE
STATE OF UNDER-NUTRITION IN
URBAN AREAS IS WORSE THAN IN
THE RURAL AREAS.
THERE ARE SERIOUS GAPS IN THE
AVAILABILITY OF
INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES IN
URBAN AREAS LIKE:-
1) ROADS ARE GETTING
CONGESTED WITH MORE AND
MORE NEW VEHICLES .
8. SOURCES OF
URBANIZATION
THE URBAN SYSTEM OF A COUNTRY GROWS
MAINLY BY:
1. NATURAL POPULATION INCREASE (BIRTHS –
DEATHS).
2. MIGRATION FROM RURAL AREAS
(ESPECIALLY IN COUNTRIES WITH LARGE
RURAL POPULATIONS).
3. IMMIGRATION FROM OTHER COUNTRIES
(ESPECIALLY IN EUROPE AND NORTH
AMERICA).
4. RECLASSIFICATION OF URBAN BOUNDARIES
9. OPPORTUNITIES OF INDIA’S
URBANIZATION BY 2030
THE REPORT PROJECTS THAT THE COUNTRY’S URBAN
POPULATION WILL SOAR TO 590 MILLION IN 2030, FROM 340
MILLION IN 2008.
INDIA’S CITIES COULD GENERATE 70 PERCENT OF THE
NET NEW JOBS CREATED BY 2030, PRODUCE MORE THAN
70 PERCENT OF THE COUNTRY’S GDP, AND STIMULATE A
NEAR-FOURFOLD INCREASE IN PER CAPITA INCOME.
1) 5 TIMES – THE NUMBER BY WHICH THE GDP WILL HAVE
MULTIPLIED BY 2030
2) 590 MILLION PEOPLE WILL HAVE LIVE IN CITIES, NEARLY
TWICE THE POPULATION OF UNITED STATES TODAY
3) 270 MILLION PEOPLE NET INCREASE IN WORKING-AGE
POPULATION
10. OPPORTUNITIES OF INDIA’S
URBANIZATION BY 2030
3) 270 MILLION PEOPLE NET INCREASE IN WORKING-
AGE POPULATION
4) 70% OF NET NEW EMPLOYMENT WILL BE
GENERATED IN CITIES
5) 91 million urban households will be middle class, up from
22 million today
6) 68 cities will have population of 1 million plus, up from 42
today; Europe has 35 today
7) $1.2 trillion capital investment is necessary to meet
projected demand in India’s cities
8)700-900 million square meters of commercial and
residential space needs to be built – or a new Chicago every
year
11. GOVERNMENT RULE FOR THE
IMPROVEMENT OF URBANIZATION
FOR THE LAST ABOUT SIX DECADES, THE
GOVERNMENT HAS FOCUSED ON RURAL
DEVELOPMENT AND RURAL POVERTY
ALLEVIATION.
BILLIONS OF RUPEES HAVE BEEN SPENT BUT
EVEN AFTER 60 YEARS OF CONCENTRATION ON
THIS SECTOR, THE ABSOLUTE NUMBER OF
RURAL POOR IN THE COUNTRY HAS ACTUALLY
INCREASED.
THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, IN DECEMBER
2005, LAUNCHED AN AMBITIOUS PROGRAMME
CALLED JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL URBAN
RENEWAL MISSION (JNNURM), FOR RENEWAL OF
INDIAN CITIES ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS. 63 CITIES
HAVE BEEN CHOSEN UNDER THE MISSION.
12. OVERALL COUNTRY
SCENARIO
AREA - 32.56 LAC
SQ.KM
TOTAL POPULATION(2001) -
1,027,015,247
FUTURE POPULATION - 1531.4
MILLION
(2050)
URBANPOPULATION - 1148.6
MILLION
JUST 3.5 PERCENT OF THE COUNTRY’S
