Mª Vittoria Calvi / Javier Santos (Università degli Studi di Milano).

1. The Dictionary of Food and Nutrition: a
proposal for a new electronic multilingual
lexicography
Maria Vittoria Calvi
Javier Santos López

2. Summary
1. Limitations and potential for ICT in
lexicography
2. The Glossary of Tourism
3. The Dictionary of Food and Nutrition
4. Methodology and results
5. Conclusions

3. 1. Limitations and Potential for ICT in
lexicography
• Limitations
– Economic factors:
crisis generally and
in the sector
– Free online
resources
– Distribution of free
dictionaries by
companies and
institutions
– Digital piracy
• Potential
– New approaches to
financing
– Better distribution and
segmentation
– Reduced costs
– Vast instrumental and
documentary resources
– Simplification in terms
of management,
writing and revision

4. Publicity

5. Distribution

6. Reduced Costs

7. 2. The Glossary of Tourism Linguaturismo
(PRIN project coord. M.V. Calvi)
• Bilingual glossary of terminology
• Bilingual and comparable textual corpus
Linguaturismo (3.873.664 words) (Calvi 2010;
Mapelli / Piccioni 2011; Santos López 2011;
Bonomi / De Santiago / Santos López 2014)
• Subcorpus:
– Legal genres: laws, regulatory texts, etc.
– Commercial genres: catalogues, programmes, brochures,
pamphlets, etc.
– Organisational genres: contracts, tickets, reservations, etc.
– Institutional genres: reports, articles, etc. (Calvi 2010)

8. Terminological sheet
• Domain
– Sub-domain
• Language A - term
– Grammatical marking – Language A
– Textual genre marking – Language A
• Language B - equivalent
– Grammatical marking – Language B
– Textual genre marking – Language B
• Definition
• Contexts - Language A
• Contexts - Language B
• Synonyms Language A
• Synonyms Language B

9. Ejemplo 1 precio del viaje (Eng. fare)
precio del viaje (UP) [programa] costo del viaggio [normativa]
Coste de un desplazamiento por motivos turísticos y de los
eventuales servicios incluidos.
Contexto español: El precio del viaje incluye: alojamiento (en hostería,
albergue o camping - según detalle de programa), comidas (pensión
completa cuatro comidas más refuerzo durante la marcha) salvo los días
libres u opcionales, asistencia permanente de guías profesionales de
mountain bike. .
Contexto italiano: Più dettagliatamente è solitamente stabilito che la
percentuale sul prezzo del viaggio a titolo di costo per il recesso è
pari al 10% se avviene circa un mese prima della partenza; al 25%
che dalla data dell’effettuazione del viaggio a quella in cui si esercita il
diritto intercorrono da 30 a 21 giorni; fine a giungere al trattenimento
di circa la metà di quanto versato se avviene da 20 a 10 giorni prima
percentuale che sale al 75% da 10 a 3 giorni e fino alla ritenzione
dell’intera somma se si verifica entro i 3 giorni precedenti..
Sinónimo italiano: prezzo del viaggio.

10. 3. The Dictionary of Food and Nutrition
Expo 2015 Milan
Feeding the Planet – energy to live
• science and technology for food safety and quality;
• science and technology for agriculture and biodiversity;
• innovation in the food chain;
• food education;
• food and lifestyle;
• food and culture;
• nutritional cooperation and development.

11. The Dictionary of Food and Nutrition
Domains
1. gastronomy
2. biotechnologies for food
3. nutrition
4. food safety
Multilingual: Italian + Arabic, Chinese, English,
French, German, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish
Coord. Luis Javier Santos (Gruppo di Ricerca sulla
Lessicografia Specializzata (GRILS), Dipartimento di
Scienze della Mediazione linguistica e di Studi
interculturali

12. Textual genres and subdomains
Domain: Gastronomy
Textual genre Sub-domains
 Cookbook
 Manuals
 Specialist magazines on industrial gastronomy
 Ingredients
 Methods
 Instruments
Domain: Nutrition
Textual genre Sub-domains
 University manuals
 Regulations
 Standards
 Guidelines
 Public Health sector circulation
 Foodstuffs and nutrients
 Modes and measures for the use of nutrients
 Dietology
 Clinical nutrition
Domain: Biotechnology
Textual genre Sub-domains
 University manuals
 Regulations
 Information from associations in the sector
 Trials
 Traditional biotechnology
 Genetic Engineering
o MSG and GMO: processes
o applications
 Bioethics
Domain: Food safety
Textual genre Sub-domains
 University manuals
 UNI standards
 Specialist Magazines
 Dissemination
 Risks
o biological
o physical
o chemical
 Composition of the product, packaging and

13. Problems
• No representative texts from certain
domains (biotechnologies for food and
food safety) in certain languages (Arabic,
Russian, Chinese)
• Difficulty in demarcating the domain of
gastronomy (no actual dishes were taken
into account, just ingredients, methods
and procedures)
• Diatopic variation in gastronomy

17. 4. Methodology and results
Focus on the textual genre (Adam 2012; Bazerman 1994;
Bhatia 1993, 2004; García Izquierdo 2007, 2009, etc.)
as a means of processing and a means of relating
lexicography and terminology to discourse (Santos
López 2011).
Glossary of Tourism
– Communicative theory of terminology (Cabré 1999,
2008)
The Dictionary of Food
– Sociocognitive theory of terminology (Temmermann
2000)
– Links between lexicography and terminology

18. Glossary of Tourism The Dictionary of Food
Based on a sub-corpus taken from a
general corpus
Based on an ad hoc corpus
Selection of genres according to the
target audience
Selection of genres considering the
undefined nature of the target
audience
Study of genres for the general aims
of the project
Study of genres applied to work on
terminology
Managing variation Impossibility of managing variation
Valuing minority cultures Valuing minority languages

21. Conclusions
• Collaboration between public
institutions and companies
• User friendliness
• User collaboration and participation
• Development of new methodological
focuses based on textual genres