Long term adaptations to exercise on the Cv system and energy systems.

1. LONG TERM EFFECTS
OF EXERCISE ON THE
BODY SYSTEMS
Physiology of Fitness
Andrew Roberts

2. Long Term Effects of Exercise on
the Body Systems
 What body systems  As you exercise
do we mean? regularly your body
1. Cardiovascular adapts – you become
fitter – more able to
2. Respiratory
cope with the
3. Energy systems demands of exercise.
4. Muscular We are going to look
5. Skeletal at what changes
occur in the heart,
lungs, muscle,
6. CREMS skeleton and energy
systems.

3. Learning Outcomes
 Identify the 5 main body systems that are
affected by long term exercise
 Describe 3 key changes to the cardiovascular
system after long term exercise (e.g. after 6
weeks)
 Identify 2 changes to the energy systems as
an adaptation to long term exercise
 Examine and record our current level of
cardiovascular fitness

4. Long Term Effects of Exercise on
the Cardiovascular System
W is the
hat  Task
CV system?
 In pairs list what aspects of the
The heart
and blood cardiovascular system may change
vessels of
the
as a result of regular long term
circulatory exercise?
system
 In fours, compare results and see if
you can add to your original list.

5. Heart
 Cardiac Hypertrophy
The heart increases in its size
and blood volume.
The wall of the left ventricle
thickens ..why?
to increase the strength
potential of its contractions
In sedentary, middle aged
individuals it may be as high
as 100 beats/min. Normal heart Elite endurance
rate (HR) 60- athlete’s HR
80 beats / min 28 – 40 bpm

6. CV system cont...
 Increase in Stroke  In untrained individuals
Volume stroke volume at rest it
SV = The amount of blood that averages 50-70ml/beat
can be pumped by the heart increasing up to 110-
per beat.
130ml/beat beat during
This means the heart can now
pump more blood per minute.
intense, physical
Why is this beneficial?
activity.
Increased blood flow allows for  In elite athletes resting
faster and more efficient stroke volume averages
delivery oxygen and nutrients 90-110ml/beat
increasing to as much
as 150-220ml/beat

7. CV system cont...
Increased Cardiac Untrained REST MAX EXERCISE
Output (CO) SV 60ml/beat 120ml/beat
SV X HR = CO X X X
As SV and HR increase HR 70 beats/min 130 beats/ min
during exercise CO will
= = =
increase.
CO 4200ml/min 15600ml/min
In a trained heart both SV
and HR have increased
capacity. Elite REST MAX EXERCISE
SV does increase to a SV 100ml/beat 200ml/beat
point – however the
significant increases in X X X
CO are caused by a HR 40 beats/ min 180 beats/ min
bigger increases in = = =
heart rate CO 4800ml/min 36000ml/min

8. CV system cont...
Discussion Eg An untrained student’s heart rate
was measured at 140bpm while
running 6mph on the treadmill
After 6 weeks of exercise (running for
30 mins 3 times per week) I would
expect HR to decrease
increase
1. Why?
2. What physiological changes would
have occurred?

9. CV system cont...
 Decreased resting  Capillarisation
heart rate  Capillary networks
With regular training your increase to your cardiac
resting HR falls. and skeletal muscle.
Also your HR returns to  This improves blood
normal quicker after supply to the active
exercise. muscles and improves
the muscles’ efficiency
How could you measure
these improvements
over your 6 week
program?

10. CV system cont...
 Increase in Blood  Reduction in
Volume Resting Blood
 Your blood volume is the Pressure
amount of blood What are the 2 measurements
circulating in your body of BP?
 It increases as an 1. Systolic
adaptation to regular 2. Diastolic
exercise Research shows that the quicker
your BP returns to normal the
 It increases as a result fitter you are.
of capillarisation How could you measure this?
Regular exercise can contribute
to lowering BP.

11. CV system cont...
 Decreased  Increased Aerobic
Recovery Time Fitness
 HR recovery is a  This occurs as a result of
measure of how much what kind of training?
your HR falls the first  Aerobic training e.g.?
minute after exercise.  Running, cycling...
 Fit people can recover
 Aerobic fitness refers to
endurance, or the ability to
more quickly. How? sustain work for prolonged
 The CV system has adapted periods.
and become more efficient  How can you measure an
through the demands of improvement in aerobic
regular exercise fitness?

12. Recap
TASK
 In pairs, recall at least 3 key changes to your CV
system as a result of long term exercise?
1. Cardiac hypertrophy
2. Increased SV
3. Increased CO
4. Decreased resting HR
5. Capillarisation
6. Increase in blood volume
7. Reduction in resting BP
8. Decreased recovery time
9. Increased aerobic fitness

13. Long Term Effects of Exercise on the
Energy System
Task  In pairs
 Exercise can cover a wide range of
meanings ....what exercise are we
considering? On a flip chart write exercise in
the middle and jot down what exercise means to
you.
Type Intensity Frequency Duration

14. Long Term Effects of Exercise on the
Energy Systems
 Type Intensity Frequency Duration
 What systems does our body use to supply
energy to our muscles?
 ATP-CP 1-10 secs
 Lactic Acid energy system 10s – 2mins
 Aerobic Energy system 2 mins +

15. Long Term Effects of Exercise on the
Energy Systems
 At cellular level  Increased use of fat
muscles need what as an energy source
to contract? ATP  Fat combustion powers
 What adaptations may almost all exercise at
occur at cellular level ? 25% of aerobic power.
1. Increase in level of  Fat oxidation increases if
enzymes for aerobic and exercise extends to long
anaerobic systems. periods as glycogen
depletes
2. Increase in size of
mitochondria.  Trained athletes burn
more fat as fuel than
non-trained athletes.

16. Long Term Effects of Exercise on the
CV & Energy Systems
Paired Task  Identify 2 changes to the energy
systems as an adaptation to long
term exercise
 Describe 3 key changes to the CV
system and how you may examine
record those changes before and
after a 6 week training program