Basic and guideline for Blood pressure control

1. OVERVIEW ON Prof Dr M.A.BADR Faculty of medicine University of Alexandria The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC)

2. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) EXPRESS National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National High Blood Pressure Education Program

3. Seventh Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure George L. Bakris, M.D. Department of Preventive Medicine Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center Henry R. Black, M.D. Department of Preventive Medicine Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center William C. Cushman, M.D. Preventive Medicine Section Veterans Affairs Medical Center Lee A. Green, M.D. Department of Family Medicine University of Michigan Joseph L. Izzo, Jr., M.D. Department of Medicine and Pharmacology SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine Daniel W. Jones, M.D. Department of Medicine and Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research University of Mississippi Medical Center Barry J. Materson, M.D. Department of Medicine University of Miami School of Medicine Suzanne Oparil, M.D. Department of Medicine, Physiology & Biophysics Division of Cardiovascular Disease University of Alabama Jackson T. Wright, Jr., M.D. University Hospitals of Cleveland Case Western Reserve University Executive Secretary Edward J. Roccella, Ph.D, M.P.H. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Executive Committee Aram Chobanian, M.D., Chair Dean’s Office and Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine

8. Blood Pressure Classification Normal <120 and <80 Prehypertension 120–139 or 80–89 Stage 1 Hypertension 140–159 or 90–99 Stage 2 Hypertension > 160 or > 100 BP Classification SBP mmHg DBP mmHg

10. Benefits of Lowering BP Average Percent Reduction Stroke incidence 35–40% Myocardial infarction 20–25% Heart failure 50%

11. Benefits of Lowering BP In stage 1 HTN and additional CVD risk factors, achieving a sustained 12 mmHg reduction in SBP over 10 years will prevent 1 death for every 11 patients treated.

12. BP Control Rates Trends in awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure in adults ages 18–74 Sources: Unpublished data for 1999–2000 computed by M. Wolz, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; JNC 6. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Percent 1976–80 1988–91 1991–94 1999–2000 Awareness 51 73 68 70 Treatment 31 55 54 59 Control 10 29 27 34

13. BP Measurement Techniques Method Brief Description In-office Two readings, 5 minutes apart, sitting in chair. Confirm elevated reading in contralateral arm. Ambulatory BP monitoring Indicated for evaluation of “white-coat” HTN. Absence of 10–20% BP decrease during sleep may indicate increased CVD risk. Self-measurement Provides information on response to therapy. May help improve adherence to therapy and evaluate “white-coat” HTN.

16. WHITE COAT HTN

17. SLEEP APNEA

26. Algorithm for Treatment of Hypertension Not at Goal Blood Pressure (<140/90 mmHg) (<130/80 mmHg for those with diabetes or chronic kidney disease) Initial Drug Choices Lifestyle Modifications Drug(s) for the compelling indications Other antihypertensive drugs (diuretics, ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB ) as needed. With Compelling Indications Stage 2 Hypertension (SBP > 160 or DBP > 100 mmHg) 2-drug combination for most (usually thiazide-type diuretic and ACEI, or ARB, or BB, or CCB) Stage 1 Hypertension (SBP 140–159 or DBP 90–99 mmHg) Thiazide-type diuretics for most. May consider ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB, or combination. Without Compelling Indications Not at Goal Blood Pressure Optimize dosages or add additional drugs until goal blood pressure is achieved. Consider consultation with hypertension specialist.

27. It is possible to change eating habits….

28. Lifestyle Modification Modification Approximate SBP reduction (range) Weight reduction 5–20 mmHg/10 kg weight loss Adopt DASH eating plan 8–14 mmHg Dietary sodium reduction 2–8 mmHg Physical activity 4–9 mmHg Moderation of alcohol consumption 2–4 mmHg

29. Classification and Management of BP for adults *Treatment determined by highest BP category. † Initial combined therapy should be used cautiously in those at risk for orthostatic hypotension. ‡ Treat patients with chronic kidney disease or diabetes to BP goal of <130/80 mmHg. Two-drug combination for most † (usually thiazide-type diuretic and ACEI or ARB or BB or CCB). Yes or > 100 > 160 Stage 2 Hypertension Drug(s) for the compelling indications. ‡ Other antihypertensive drugs (diuretics, ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB) as needed. Thiazide-type diuretics for most. May consider ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB, or combination. Yes or 90–99 140–159 Stage 1 Hypertension Drug(s) for compelling indications. ‡ No antihypertensive drug indicated. Yes or 80–89 120–139 Prehypertension Encourage and <80 <120 Normal With compelling indications Without compelling indication Initial drug therapy Lifestyle modification DBP* mmHg SBP* mmHg BP classification

33. Compelling Indications for Individual Drug Classes Compelling Indication Initial Therapy Options Clinical Trial Basis ACC/AHA Heart Failure Guideline, MERIT-HF, COPERNICUS, CIBIS, SOLVD, AIRE, TRACE, ValHEFT, RALES ACC/AHA Post-MI Guideline, BHAT, SAVE, Capricorn, EPHESUS ALLHAT, HOPE, ANBP2, LIFE, CONVINCE THIAZ, BB, ACEI, ARB, ALDO ANT BB, ACEI, ALDO ANT THIAZ, BB, ACE, CCB Heart failure Postmyocardial infarction High CAD risk

34. Compelling Indications for Individual Drug Classes Diabetes Chronic kidney disease Recurrent stroke prevention Compelling Indication Initial Therapy Options Clinical Trial Basis NKF-ADA Guideline, UKPDS, ALLHAT NKF Guideline, Captopril Trial, RENAAL, IDNT, REIN, AASK PROGRESS THIAZ, BB, ACE, ARB, CCB ACEI, ARB THIAZ, ACEI

50. Population-Based Strategy SBP Distributions Before Intervention After Intervention Reduction in SBP mmHg 2 3 5 Reduction in BP % Reduction in Mortality Stroke CHD Total – 6 –4 –3 – 8 –5 –4 – 14 –9 –7

55. Web site www.nhlbi.nih.gov/

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