1. Learning Theories and ICT
Prepared for
Dr. Simin Ghavifekr
Madam Hazline Mahmood (Hazel)
PGD 120003
PXGM6106 Information Technology In Educational Management
26th
September 2013

2. PRESENTATION OUTCOMES
iscuss Learning Theories & ICT applications
ehaviourist Theory
ognitive Theory
nformation processing
onstructivist
 define ISD (Instructional System Design) & describe at
least one ISD Model

3. EFFECTIVE LEARNING

4. Which Theory used in e-Learning?

5. BEHAVIOURIST THEORY
earning as ‘conditioning’: behaviour as responses to stimuli – an
individual responds to a stimulus by behaving in a particular way
einforced by reward/punishment & link to motivation: E/I
omputer-based ‘instructional’ programmes: learning broken down into
small chunks; input - ‘drill-and-practise’; test - feedback
elieves : Repetition beneficial/essential
Computer doesn’t get bored

7. COGNITIVE: INFORMATION PROCESS
GARDNER’S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
1. Visual – Pictures & images
2. Linguistic – Words
3. Logical & Mathematical –
Numbers & Reasoning
4. Musical – Tone, Rhythm &
Timbre
5. Bodily & Kinaesthetic – Body,
Hands
6. Naturalistic – Environment
7. Interpersonal – Social
understanding
8. Intrapersonal – Self knowledge

9. COGNITIVE: CONSTRUCTIVISM
(PIAGET)
tages of mental development
concrete to abstract; sequential; age related)
ssimilation (new information fitted into existing mental model)
ccommodation (new information modifies the existing mental model)

10. VYGOTSKY: SOCIAL ‘INTERACTIVISM’/
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM
earning in a socio-cultural environment
mportance of language (especially talk or reflection)
Significant others’ who are more knowledgeable
one of Proximal Development (ZPD) (explore new territory by yourself
compared to being shown round by a guide with local knowledge)

12. Which Theory used in e-Learning?

13. ICT & LEARNING THEORIES
CT may be seen as mediating learning , Zone of Proximal
Development (ZPD)
mpact on roles and relationships:
teacher-pupil
pupil-teacher
pupil-pupil
CT shifts the balance of power
Emergence of Instructional System Design (ISD)

14. Instructional System Design(ISD)
SD is unique simply because it is both a science and an art. A
“science because it is rooted in learning theories… and an
art because the designing of instructional materials is a
highly creative process”.
Moore, Bates & Grundling, 2002, p.71)

15. ISD- a set of Theories which sorts out Learning Resources so that
Learning Outcomes are better achieved and are done so at a faster
rate.
t answers these questions:-
.What occurs during the learning process?
.What influence learning?
.How does learning facilitated?

16. ISD MODEL 1:ADDIE

17. ISD MODEL 2: ASSURE

18. ISD MODEL 3: SPIRAL

19. CONCLUSION
Basic Learning Theories are:
. Behaviorism
. Cognitivism
nformation Processing
onstructivism
Almost all e-Learning is based on this theory)