1. Child Labor http://www.globalenvision.org/library/9/939 By: Maxx Cadmus, Daniel Choe, and SwayamSinha

2. Definitionof Child Labor UNICEF defines child labor as work that exceeds a minimum number of hours, depending on the age of a child and on the type of work. Such work is considered harmful to the child and should therefore be eliminated. Ages 5-11: At least one hour of economic work or 28 hours of domestic work per week. Ages 12-14: At least 14 hours of economic work or 28 hours of domestic work per week. Ages 15-17: At least 43 hours of economic or domestic work per week. Source: http://www.unicef.org/protection/index_childlabour.html

3. Definitions of Child Labor Though definitions vary, child labor means work that is done by children under the age of 15 (14 in some developing countries) which restricts or damages a child's physical, emotional, intellectual, social and/or spiritual growth.Sometimes, work does not harm children. Work may even help them to learn new skills or to develop a sense of responsibility. Most people agree that when we speak about child labor, we mean labor which is intolerable or harmful to children, or which denies them their right to fully develop, to play or to go to school. Child labor includes:• Work performed by children under the age of 15• Long hours of work on a regular or full-time basis• Abusive treatment by the employer• No access, or poor access, to education Source: http://www.freethechildren.com/getinvolved/geteducated/childlabour.htm#0012

4. Definitions Definition of the child LaborEvery human being below 18 years unless majority is attained earlier according to the law applicable to the child. Source: http://www.hrea.org/feature-events/simplified-crc.html

5. Consequences of Child Labor All child labor is dangerous, and illegal Children could die, and suffer from the conditions that they are working in. For example: a child working in the rock business would be in a mine, and the mine could collapse and then the child would die. A child overworked could hurt their bodies in any way depending of which type of Labor the are in. This proves that we should not put children into labor, because this could happen to them.

6. Explanation/Causes of Child Labor These are some of the causes of Child Labor: Poverty. Poor families need to keep as many family members working as possible to ensure income security and survival. This makes it very difficult for poor families to invest in their children's education. In fact, educating a child can be a significant financial burden.In many instances "free" public education is in fact very costly to a poor family. Family size. Poor households tend to have more children, and with large families there is a greater likelihood that children will work and have lower school attendance and completion. Inadequate school facilities. Many children live in areas that do not have adequate school facilities, so they work. Many countries do not have free compulsory education for all, which is an obstacle to sending working children to school. Immoral employers. Some employers hire children because they can pay them less money. They also offer poor working conditions because children are less likely to complain.Source: http://www.freethechildren.com/getinvolved/geteducated/childlabour.htm

7. The Size/Evidence of Child Labor An estimated 246 million children between the ages of 5 and 17 are engaged in child labor, according to the latest estimates from the International Labor Organization (ILO). Of these, nearly 70 percent, or 171 million children, work in hazardous situations or conditions, such as in mines, with chemicals and pesticides in agriculture or with dangerous machinery. Some 73 million of them are less than 10 years old. There is 9% of all child labor in North America. There is 8% of all child labor in South America. There is 23% of all child labor in Africa. There is 60% of all child labor in Asia. Source: http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/about/what_is_child_labor.html

8. This is the Size of how much child labor there is in the world.

9. What should be done to treat Child Labor? child labor can best be combated through:• Better access to education• Social awareness and activism • The rehabilitation of child laborers• Legislation and proper enforcement child labor laws In turn, governments need to devote resources to education so that:• Schooling is compulsory, of good quality and relevance, and is of little or no cost to poor families. Source: http://www.freethechildren.com/getinvolved/geteducated/childlabour.htm

10. All of the Types of Child Labor Agriculture Nearly 70% of child labor occurs in agriculture, fishing, hunting, and forestry. Children have been found harvesting: bananas in Ecuador cotton in Egypt and Benin cut flowers in Colombia oranges in Brazil cocoa in the Ivory Coast tea in Argentina and Bangladesh fruits and vegetables in the U.S. Children in commercial agriculture can face long hours in extreme temperatures, health risks from pesticides, little or no pay, and inadequate food, water, and sanitation.

11. Manufacturing Child Labor Manufacturing Electroplate Worker Photo: David Parker About 15 million children are estimated to be directly involved in manufacturing goods for export, including: Carpets from India, Pakistan, Egypt Clothing sewn in Bangladesh; footwear made in India and the Philippines Soccer balls sewn in Pakistan Glass and bricks made in India Fireworks made in China, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, India, and Peru Surgical instruments made in Pakistan

12. Mining and Quarrying/domestic Child Labor Mining and Quarrying Child laborers suffer extremely high illness and injury rates in underground mines, opencast mines, and quarries. Children as young as 6 or 7 years old break up rocks, and wash, sieve, and carry ore. Nine-year-olds work underground setting explosives and carrying loads. Children work in a range of mining operations, including: Gold in Colombia Charcoal in Brazil and El Salvador Chrome in Zimbabwe Diamonds in Cote d’Ivoire Emeralds in Colombia Coal in Mongolia Domestic Service Many children, especially girls, work in domestic service, sometimes starting as young as 5 or 6. This type of child labor is linked to child trafficking. Domestic child laborers can be victims of physical, emotional, and sometimes sexual abuse. http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/about/what_is_child_labor.html

13. Profiles of Children around the world Since her mother left, Leeda has been in charge of the household. Every day she cooks, cleans and takes care of her brothers. A phone number to contact her mother in case of emergency is carved on one of the house's wooden beams. Leeda is currently living in Cambodia in the 7th grade, age 14. Source: http://www.unicef.org/sowc06/profiles/full_child2.php This is Leeda in Cambodia

14. Profiles around the world For Ali, working long hours every day has not just meant less time to play and be a teenager. It has literally endangered his health: two years ago he nearly lost his hand when he dozed off grinding chickpeas. Luckily, he was rushed to the hospital and his hand was salvaged. The situation of the 17,000 people living in Souf is bleak. Job opportunities are limited, and most refugees take on temporary jobs in neighboring farms picking olives and working the land. For the 3,400 teenagers in the camp there are few places to meet and socialize and fewer prospects. Boys and girls rarely mix and many girls marry before they turn 18. So when a project designed to teach teenage boys and girls about filming, editing and scriptwriting was launched at Souf Camp to encourage self expression and youth participation, it was greeted with much enthusiasm. This is Ali currently living in Jordan Source: http://www.unicef.org/sowc06/profiles/full_child3.php

15. Profiles around the World Himal is one of eight children in a family struggling to make ends meet. To supplement the meagre earnings produced by the family's small corn harvest, Himal's father spends half of the year away from home, working as a porter. Like many other boys in the districts of eastern Nepal, Himal used to help his father by carrying loads while his mother and sisters stayed behind to take care of the farm. Making a living took priority over education for the Magar family and Himal only went to school for about a week. As the influence of the Maoist rebels seeking to overthrow the Nepalese monarchy in Udayapur grew stronger, Himal's father became increasingly worried about his son's future. Initially, the rebels had tried to entice young boys like Himal to join the revolution. But they soon became bolder in their demands and, under the 'one family one child' policy, they required each household to bequeath one teenage child for the people's army. This is Hemal from Nepal

16. Someone affected by Child Labor Daisy Ortiz, 14, was affected at child labor at this young age. She has worked with her parents in agriculture, picking peaches, blueberries, and apples on long hot days. “…it makes me sad to see children out in the hot sun…I believe children should not be out in the fields with their parents suffering the same way.” –Daisy Ortiz. A child in the wood type of child labor

17. Human Needs being violated Health Homes Medicine Insurance Recreation Education Self confidence Freedom Gatherings Affection/Caring Hospitals These human needs go under Physically/bodily needs.

18. Human Needs being violated Safe home Security system Medicine Health care Weapons Alarms Fences Locks Phones for emergency contact All of these human needs go under Safety/Security.

19. Human Needs being violated Cell Phones Texting Pens/Pencils Cars Boats (transportation) Letters Trains (transportation) Airplanes (transportation) Helicopters (transportation) Language Sign Language These human needs go under communication

20. Human Needs being violated Education Shelter Safe neighborhood Trauma care Mental Hospitals These human needs go under Mental needs

21. Human Needs being Violated Social gatherings Clubs Sport teams Teachers Mobility These human needs are under Social/Emotional needs.

22. Human Needs being violated Freedom Freedom of Speech Freedom of Religion Freedom to Express Freedom to wear Cultural Clothing These human needs go under Cultural human needs

23. Human Rights Every Child has the right to have access to: Name Nationality Health care Education Rest and play These human rights are under provisions, it is important because this is the ability to have access to things. Source:http://www.hrea.org/feature-events/simplified-crc.html

24. Human Rights Every Child should have the right to: Stay with his/her parents Not be forced into war Not be exposed to sexual/commercial exploitation Not be abused physically/mentally These human rights go under protection. This is very important to a child because they can be harmed if they do not have these rights. Source:http://www.hrea.org/feature-events/simplified-crc.html

25. Human Rights Every Child should have the right to: Have a freedom of speech Their own opinion of things Culture Religion Language These human rights go under participation. This is very important because this would be about the choice they can make, if they choose to be successful or not. Source:http://www.hrea.org/feature-events/simplified-crc.html

26. Active Global Citizenship These are some Organizations trying to prevent Child Labor: “Children in the fields.” this organization is made to prevent Children in the agriculture business for child labor. They do this because the agriculture type of Child Labor is more suffering than the other types of Child labor.

27. Active Global Citizenship An active organization called SCREAM is working to try and stop Child Labor. SCREAM stands for Supporting Children’s rights through Education, the Arts and the Media. Scream is a project of IPEC, a department international Labor organization (ILO). The purpose Children of ILO is to promote social justice. IPEC has created the program. SCREAM stops Child Labor. This program is a world-wide industry trying to protect children around the globe.

28. Active Global Citizenship Free the Children. This organization helps free children through educating them, founded in 1955. This has been successful in educating more than 1 million youths. This organization won the prize the World’s Children’s prize for the Rights of a child.

29. Reflection The new knowledge that I learned is that child labor can go under anything to obtain money illegally, or to work for money. We also learned that this global problem is world wide, and that organizations are donating, and working and that even 5 year olds are in this. The most important thing that I learned about researching about Child Labor is how much it can impact children like how much it can hurt them. some questions that went unanswered were like how can we stop child labor being our age? Or like does the united states really have Child Labor happening?

30. Reflection Continued This project on child labor made me really appreciate the way we live now because basically Child Labor is violating all of the human needs and rights. This makes me feel lots of empathy for the victims of this problem. I ‘d give a new opinion about global citizenship because I thought that this is very good to understand because it is very sad how these global problems go on, and it is good because you can make a difference too. The project helped me deepen my understanding of being a global citizen, because I learned how Child Labor is a terrible thing that happens, and that it is very caring, and being very compassionate to put children out of Labor

31. Facts about Child Labor Child labor harms children, and keeps them from a good education 246 million children are in labor These children are the ages of 5-17 years old All child labor is dangerous, and illegal Children are forced to do this because families are very poor, which is also poverty. Children work in commercial agriculture, fishing, mining, manufacturing, and domestic service Children not only do those things, but they can also do bad things like drug trade or serving as soldiers. Source: http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/about/what_is_child_labor.html

32. Credits Maxx Cadmus- Creator Daniel Choe- Researchers SwayamSinha- Researhcers *Mr. Hyman- Teacher *= helper in which helped made this PowerPoint come to life.