2. 1.The basic structure of the Chinese syllables ˇ ˊ initial final final tone tone m a e
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4. 2.2 Finals a o e ě i u ü ai ei ao ou an en ang eng ong er ia ie iao iu ian in iang ing iong ua uo uai ui uan un uang ueng ü e ü an ü n
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6. When there is no initial consonant before i,u,ü u u is written as w , or w is added before the syllable u->wu,ua->wa,uo->wo, uai->wai,ui->wei,uan->wan,un->wen,uang->wang, ueng->weng i i is written as y ,or y is added before the syllable i->yi,ia->ya,ie->ye,iao->yao,iu->you,ian->yan,iang->yang,in->yin,ing->ying,iong->yong ü y is added before the syllable(the two dots can be dropped) ü ->yu, üan ->yuan, üe ->yue, ün ->yun
7. 3.Tones Tones are the pitch of a syllable. They are an important element of the Chinese syllable. The main function of thetones is to distinguish the meanings of the characters. For example, shuǐjiǎo (dumplings) and shuÌjiào (to sleep).Their initials and finals are tthe same, but with different tones, the meanings are different. Chinese has four basic tones and a neutral tone:
