social groups and social organization

1. SOCIAL GROUPS
AND
SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
© MTCJennBau

2. SOCIAL GROUP
 Unit of interacting personalities with
interdependence of roles and statuses existing
between and among themselves.
 Collection of people where members interact on
a regular basis, guided by structure and
agreements, defined by roles and
responsibilities.

3. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
 Type of collectivity established for the pursuit of
specific aims or goals.
 Characterized by a formal structure of rules,
authority relations, a division of labor and limited
membership or admission.

4. OTHER COLLECTIONS NOT CONSIDERED AS SOCIAL GROUPS
 AGGREGATES
 COLLECTIVITY
 SOCIAL CATEGORY

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL GROUP
 Group members interact on a
fairly regular basis through
communication.
 Members should develop a
structure where each member
assumes a specific status and
adopts a particular role.
 Certain orderly procedures and
values are agreed upon.
 The members of the group feel
a sense of identity.

6. TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS
According to Social Ties
Primary Group
• It is the most fundamental unit of human society.
• A long-lasting group
• Characterized by strong ties of love and affection.
• Do’s and Don’ts of behavior are learned here.
Examples:
Families, Gangs, Cliques, Play Groups, Friendship Groups

7. SECONDARY GROUPS
 Groups with which the
individual comes in contact
later in life.
 Characterized by
impersonal, business-like,
contractual, formal and
casual relationship.
 Usually Large in size, not
very enduring and limited
relationships.
 People needed other
people for the satisfaction
of their complex needs.
Examples:
Industrial Workers; business associates, Faculty Staff,
Company Employees

8. ACCORDING TO SELF-IDENTIFICATION
 IN-GROUP
 a social unit in which individuals feel at home and with
which they identify.
 OUT-GROUP
 a social unit to which individuals do not belong due to
differences in social categories and with which they do
not identify.
 REFERENCE/PSYCHOLOGICAL GROUP
 groups to which we consciously or unconsciously refer
when we evaluate our life situations and behavior but
to which we do not necessarily belong.
 It serve a comparison function
 It has a normative function

9. ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
 Special Interest Groups
 groups which are organized to meet the special
interest of the members.
 Task Group
 groups assigned to accomplish jobs which
cannot be done by one person.
 Influence or Pressure Groups
 groups organized to support or influence social
actions.

10. ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND
DEGREE OR QUALITY OF RELATIONSHIP
 Gemeinschaft
 A social system in which most relationships are personal or
traditional.
 It is a community of intimate, private and exclusive living and
familism.
 Culture is homogeneous and tradition-bound.
 Gesselschaft
 A social system in which most relationships are impersonal, formal,
contractual or bargain-like.
 Relationship is individualistic, business-like, secondary and
rationalized
 Culture is heterogeneous and more advanced.

11. ACCORDING TO FORM OF ORGANIZATION
 Formal Groups
 Social organization
 Deliberately formed and their purpose and
objectives are explicitly defined.
 Their goals are clearly stated and the division
of labor is based on member’s ability or merit
Bureaucracy
 an administrative structure w/c is aimed
to enable members meet their goals.
 A hierarchical arrangement in large
scale formal organizations in w/c parts
are ordered in the manner of a pyramid
based on a division of function and
authority.
 Formal, rationally organized social
structure

12. CHARACTERISTICS OF BUREAUCRACY
 Positions and offices are clearly defined
 The hierarchical arrangement of authority, rights and
obligations is specifically drawn and clear-cut
 The personnel are selected on the basis of technical
or professional qualification and expert training and
competence through competitive examination
 Definite rules govern official behavior
 Security of tenure and the pursuit of a career with
promotion in the hierarchy are assured

13.  Informal Groups
 Arises spontaneously out of the interactions of two or more
persons.
 It is unplanned
 Has no explicit rules for membership and does not have specific
objectives to be attained.
 It has the characteristics of primary groups and members are
bound by emotion and sentiments.
 Relationship Groups
 Groups organized to fulfill the feeling of companionship.

14. ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE GROUP FUNCTIONING
 Democratic or “participate” leadership is employed.
 Flexible patterns of communication are used.
 A cooperative problem-solving approach to
discussion is employed rather than a competitive
“win-lose” approach.
 Members deal openly and candidly with one another.
 Decision techniques which favor a sharing of
responsibility via protection of the individual rights
are used rather than techniques which place the
responsibility clearly in the hands of but a portion of
a group.

15. FACTORS OR FORCES AFFECTING GROUP
DYNAMICS

16. LEADERSHIP,
QUALITIES OF A LEADER,
STYLE OF LEADERSHIP

17.  The process of influencing the activities of individuals in a
group towards the attainment of group goals in a given
situation.
 It implies the existence of particular influence relationship
between two or more persons.

18. QUALITIES OF A LEADER
They have traits such as
• Intelligence
• Dominance
• Charisma
• Enthusiasm
• Courage
• Determination
• Self-confidence
• High sense of integrity
• Tact
• Diplomacy
• Involvement

19. Groups needed leaders for two basic purposes :
 To direct various tasks
 Provide support to group members
Task Leadership
 the act of directing a group toward its goal.
Socio-Emotional Leadership
 the act of maintaining good spirits.

20. STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
 Functional Leadership
 Status Leadership
 Task-Oriented Leadership
 Relationship or person-oriented Leadership
 Transactional Leadership
 Authoritarian Leadership
 Democratic Leadership
 Tradition-oriented Leadership
 Development-oriented Leadership