1. OTTO KOENIGSBERGER (1908-1999)
ARCHITECT and DEVELOPMENT
PLANNER
BODAS ANAGHA
4TH
YEAR B.ARCH

2. OTTO KOENIGSBERGER
 OTTO KOENIGSBERGER,
architect, planner and
Egyptologist, enjoyed a long and
remarkable career that began
with work as a government
architect in Berlin in the 1930s.
 He introduced the concept of
"action planning" - community-
based schemes supported by
government agencies - into
many parts of the Third World.
 He was one of the founders of
modern urban development
planning in the rapidly growing
cities of Africa, Asia and Latin

3. Works 1931- Diploma of Engineering (Architecture), Technical University,
Berlin
 1933-1937-Research and excavation in Egypt (Swiss Institute)
 1935-Dr.-Ing, Technical University, Berlin, (Thesis on The Construction
of Ancient Egyptian Doors)
 1939-1941-Chief Architect and Planner Mysore State, India
 1948-1951-Director of Housing, Government of India.
 1952-Planning Advisor, Basildon New Town
 1954-1981-UN Planning and Housing Adviser to Governments of
Ghana, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Singapore Planning
Consultant to Governments of Zambia, Brazil, and Costa Rica,
Philippines, Brazil, Penang State
 1966-1970-Housing Adviser to the UN Economic Commission for Africa
 1957-1972- Director of the post graduate course in Tropical
Architecture, later the Department of Development and Tropical
Studies at the Architectural Association, London
 1973-1978 Professor of Development Planning and Head of the
Development Planning Unit, University College London

4. Awards
 1933
Schinkel Medal and State Prize in
Architecture
 1979
Hon Dr-Ing University of Stuttgart
 1989
UN Habitat Scroll of Honor (awarded by the
then UN Center for Human Settlements)

5. Key Concepts
 ARCHITECTURE AND TROPICS PLANNING IN THE
The special problems in architecture and planning in the
tropics, based on Koenigsberger’s experiences as chief
architect in Mysore, India. Developed from his experience
as Director of Housing for India when he was faced with
the task of housing an estimated number of 5 million
refugees, and from the situation of migrants and squatters
found in rapidly growing cities.
 HOUSING AND PLANNING POLICIES
The social and economic functions of housing policies
based on his experience as a UN adviser.
 ACTION PLANNING AND PLANNING EDUCATION
Planning methods for rapidly growing cities, Action
Planning which were developed during his time of teaching
at the Architectural Association and at the DPU University
College London.

6. BHUBANESWAR
 Bhubaneswar (20 degree
15'N latitude and 85 degree
50'E longitude) is the name,
which has been given to a
area covering 91.9414
square kilometers
 The place has evidently
derived its name from its
principal deity Tri-
Bhubaneswar or
Bhubaneswar.
 Has two distinct divisions,
viz., the Old Town and the
New Capital.

7. OLD AND NEW TOWN
 The Old Town is
characterized by mixed
land-use which is ausual
phenomenon with all
ancient towns and cities
of India. It contains
splendid specimens of
Kalinga architecture
spanning some twenty-
five centuries of history,
depicting the grace, the
joy and the rhythm of life
in all its wondrous
variety.
 The New Capital, the
foundation of which was laid
in 1948, was started with a
portion of a reserved forest
as nucleus. It has now
become a city which has
been built expending crores
of rupees. This part is
planned administrative
town with broad
avenues, self-contained
residential units, modern
buildings and institutions.
Thus Bhubaneswar offers an
opportunity to behold
centuries-old art and
architecture, side-by-side
modern massive buildings
and institutions.

8.  The site for the New
Capital was selected after
careful consideration.
 It has the advantage of
lying on the border
between the fertile delta
land and the hilly forest
areas of Orissa.It has the
natural advantage with
regard to drainage.
 The ground slopes from
west to east and is divided
into two parts intersected
by the railway line.
 The western part is high
land with laterite soil that
permits the growth of forest
and the eastern part is low
with alluvial soil suitable
for agriculture.
 The velocity of wind is

9. • A plan for the New Capital was prepared in 1948 by
Dr. Otto H. Koenigsberger. On his recommendation
the design of the New Capital is based on the system
of neighborhood units which means a group of houses,
large enough to afford the major amenties of urban life
like schools, dispensaries, shoping-centres,
entertainment, public libraries, etc. but at the same
time small enough to keep all these amenties in short
distances, so that the main advantage of rural life can
be preserved.
 To avoid boredom and unformity the neighbourhood
units are designed individually with the object of
giving it a distinct character.
 In contrast to the Old Town, the land under different
uses are segregated from each other so that the foul
smell, smoke or dust of an industry does not affect
the residential areas nor the crown and noise of a
commercial area affect the silence and solemnity
of an administrative or educational area.

10. • Four categories of roads have been adopted for the city viz.
(a) Arterial Road,
(b) Major Unit Road,
(c) Major Housing Street and
(d) Minor Housing street.
The Arterial roads are 200 feet(60.9600 metres) in width with
earthen flanks or foot-path of 10 feet (3.0480 metres) on each
side and provided with drains and plantations. Rajpath, Janpath,
Gandhi Marga, Sachivalaya Marga, and Udyana Marga come
under this category.
The Major Unit Roads are 150 feet (45.7200 metres) in width
with earthen flanks, drains and plantations on each side.
Ekamra Marga, Lewis Road, Gopabandhu Marga, Bhubaneswar
Marga, Vivekananda Marga, Bidyt Marga and Puri Marga are
under this category. The Major Housing Streets are the roads
which collect the internal traffic of housing units and transmit
to the major and arterial roads. The width of such roads is 100
feet (30.4800 metres) provided with earthen flanks and drains.
The width of Minor Housing Streets varies between 30 feet
(9.1440 metres) to 40 feet (12.1920 metres) depending upon

11. SCHEMATIC ROAD MAP

12.  The Units are named after the great personalities and
the royal dynasties of Orissa viz., Bapuji Nagar,
Kharavela Nagar, Asoka Nagar, Kesari Nagar,
Gopabandhu Nagar, Bhauma Nagar, Ganga Nagar,
Goutama Nagar, Surya nagar, Bhoi Nagar, Madhusudan
Nagar, Buddha Nagar,etc.
• The areas particularly allotted for the construction of
private buildings are named as Labour Colony, Bapuji
Nagar, Satya Nagar, Sahid Nagar, Jayadev Nagar,
Acharya Vihar, etc.
• Besides, there are certain areas which have been
allotted for the construction of private buildings. The
institutional areas are named as the Vani Vihar, the
Regional Research Laboratory, the Orissa University of
Agriculture and Technology and the Regional College of
Education Campus. The Gift Press and the Sainik School
are situated in the Garkan mauza and the Capital Water
Works in the Pandara mauza
• An area of 231 acres has been allotted for an Industrial

13. Few notable buildings in the New Capital are as follows-
 • The Raj Bhawan (Governor’s House)
 • The Orissa Secretariat
 • The Orissa Legislative Assembly
 • The Orissa State Museum
 • The Multi-storied Heads of departments
 • The Industrial Development and Infrastructure
Corporation Ltd.,
 • The Orissa State Housing Board
 • The Rabindra Mandap
 • The Orissa State Archives,
 • The University of Agriculture and Technology
 • Tribal Research Bureu, State Forensic Laboratory
 • Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda)
 • The Central Market

15. Thank you