Transitions to open access
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Presentation by the RIN's Director, Michael Jubb, at the Spanish Research Council's (CSIC) workshop on the politics of the promotion of open access in Barcelona in March 2010. http://www.csic.es/web/guest/home
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Transitions to open access
- 1. Transitions to Open Access Michael Jubb Research Information Network Politicas de promocion del accesso abierto Barcelona 3-5 March 2010
- 6. Funders’ policies on open access 1. Research Councils
- 12. Funders’ policies on open access 2. Wellcome Trust
- 16. Funders’ policies on open access 3. University Funding Councils
- 18. Institutional policies and strategies
- 21. Publisher policy and practice
- 23. Publishing and disseminating through channels other than journals and books
- 25. Web 2.0?
- 26. Transitions?
- 27. The big picture: overall costs of the current system
- 28. UK researcher publications by type 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2003 2008 2003 2008 2003 2008 2003 2008 2003 2008 2003 2008 2003 2008 Biosciences &-medicine Physical sciences Engineering Social sciences Humanities Education Total Article Book Book chapter Proceedings Book review Editorial Meeting abstract Other
- 29. Importance of different types of output
- 30. Researchers’ views of the future?
- 34. Thank you Michael Jubb www.rin.ac.uk
Notes de l'éditeur
- Science and innovation investment framework a key document in the development of Govt policy in UK, and underpins the increases in research funding that have taken place since then It was key because it was based on the assumption that there are indeed very positive returns on public investment in research. And the OECD report is important because it articulates the case for OA on the grounds that it will maximise those returns
- There are 2 kinds of research funders in the UK funding councils which supply block grant to universities to underpin both their teaching and their research activities (with research block grant allocated in accordance with the results of the RAE) research councils (seven of them) , which provide grants to individuals and teams to enable them to undertake specific research projects and programmes this is the famous “dual support” system. If you look at their strategies, they are remarkably consistent They all talk about research excellence, and they all talk about dissemination, knowledge transfer, economic and social impact and so on. (will say more in a moment about all these)
- Remarkable similarity with strategies and related documents coming out of research funding bodies overseas even in the medical field
- Research Excellence key theme for Governments, funders and universities national and institutional rankings and league tables influence of research assessment regimes Research Excellence and OA means of enhancing research speed and efficiency showcase for high-quality research But quality assurance through peer review has to be maintained Assessment and evaluation relentlessly-growing feature of most funding regimes assessing and evaluating research productivity, performance and quality impacts on institutions’ and researchers’ behaviours Research Assessment and OA bibliometrics and game-playing (chasing the citation advantage, and gaming the KPIs) universities’ interest in managing research activity and in maximising assessment scores “ managing the university’s research information assets” “ to ensure that research outputs are prepared and curated in a way which helps maximise the value that they have for the university eg in league tables” Dissemination and Access Governments, funders and universities all want to maximise dissemination increasing tendency to see dissemination as an integral part of the research process visibility, exploiting the full potential of the web, including speed of dissemination and access enhance visibility, accessand engagement beyond the research/academic communities publicly-funded research as a public good(?) frustrations with subscription toll barriers attractions of OA as a means of addressing all these issues Socio-economic impact desire to translate new knowledge into innovation to support economic growth, public policy, national well-being (maximise returns from public investment in research) some tension between desires to make research results available as public goods and to ‘exploit’ IPR But, attractions of OA as part of the means of addressing these issues (see OECD statement) Stewardship and Preservation role of universities and the research community as stewards of scholarly information and knowledge helping researchers to maintain up-to-date records of their publications (and OA can help in that) Costs and Sustainability past decade of increases in investment in research, and in volumes of research outputs rise in unit costs of research too, giving rise to sustainability concerns fears arising from current, and foreseeable, financial pressures impacts on research, and on library budgets Costs, Sustainability and OA incomplete understanding of costs and benefits of moving to OA intuitively it looks as if the benefits should outweigh the costs but winners and losers in different parts of the research landscape will say more about costs of transition later, but will say now that there are tensions between doubts about the sustainability of the current system vs doubts about the sustainability of OA (particularly the green route)
- Seven different Research Councils in UK, covering different subject areas. Sometimes they try to work together……. Principles drafted in 2004, in response to a Parliamentary (not a Govt) enquiry into scientific publishing. Promulgated in 2006
- deposit “ as soon as possible” but no challenge to copyright and licensing regimes
- emphasis on author choice on where to publish requirement for deposit of metadata passes the buck to institutions on payment of publication fees again no challenge to copyright and licensing
- linking of access to research mission authors should seek to retain copyright payment of publication fees UKPMC (will say more in a moment) unrestricted use as well as access
- When principles and related policies published in 2006, RCUK committed itself to reviewing their impact Study undertaken in 2008, but not published till April last year Chief Execs made very bald statement about increasing support for both green and gold OA, but since then nothing has happened (various working groups established, but not much progress)
- Trust has been in the lead in promoting open and unrestricted access to research results as part of its core mission requirement since 2006 crucially, has put funding in place specifically to support OA
- And Trust took lead in establishing UKPMC in 2007 eight funders now in place, inc MRC and BBSRC, as well as other major research charities Aim for it to be the place of deposit for all biomed research outputs Trust is not in favour of institutional repositories, for the reasons set out at the foot of the slide
- But there are still challenges Trust has put great efforts into working with publishers to make sure that they allow deposit in UKPMC but still only a third of researchers are complying some work to simplify process, as well as improving communications at all levels RIN has produced a guide to the arrangements for payment of publication fees (but this not a good time to be telling universities to set up special funds for that purpose and still work to do to persuade researchers that this is a good thing
- Lots of fine words here about dissemination as an integral part of the research process, about sharing research findings and so on But no action, tho its agent JISC, whose fundamental job is to support the use of IS in the HE community, has taken a lead in promoting OA.
- Repositories highly-varied profiles of content in repositories peer reviewed journal articles, conference papers, still and moving images,datasets, reports, interviews, learning and teaching materials and in some repositories, such as Cambridge, a significant proportion of the articles are held in the dark archive, and not accessible other than to the depositors OA fees relatively little development of systematic arrangements for the payment of fees, and financial pressures are leading to some cutbacks. One interesting development recently has been the Compact on OA Publishing Equity involving major US universities, agreeing to set up arrangements to pay OA fees to OA journals only (not hybrid journals). Publishers don’t like this, on grounds that it doesn’t actually help a transition. Similar move in Germany by DFG; but no similar moves in UK
- So what’s been happening in the publishing world?
- some dispute about the extent of the growth of OA publishing, but it’s probably now about 10-15% of the global no of peer reviewed titles BioMed Central a key player in the UK, alongside PLOS University presses, particularly Oxford, have played a key role too, developing both OA and hybrid options but take-up of OA option in hybrid journals is low (latest OUP figures show 5% and lower, depending on subject area) As for monographs, no real moves apart from Bloomsbury Publishing (Harry Potter); and no results there as yet
- But of course in publishing and dissemination nowadays, we are not just talking about journals and books
- So, £175bn for the system as a whole, the vast majority for the doing of research itself; just under £60bn (£58.9bn) for everything else, from publication to reading of journal articles Research costs covers that part of overall R&D investment as recorded by the OECD that is conducted by active researchers and authors who are part of what in the UK is called the research base (mainly in universities). So what we are trying to capture here is only that part of the investment in research that results in papers in journals.
- Key point here is that this work involves active participation of funders, universities, libraries, and publishers those in italics are actually putting money into the projects
- First three projects now getting under way