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Altitude Training Steve Magness
Presentation goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Early Altitude Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],"This isn't the Olympics—it's a triangular match between  Kenya ,  Ethiopia  and  Mexico ."  Ron Clarke
Theory behind Altitude Training ,[object Object],[object Object]
Theory behind Altitude Training ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Oxygen Saturation Levels http://humboldt.edu/~pdb1/Audio_Visuals/Respiratory/resptrans.htm
EPO  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.amgenrenaladvances.ca/patient/whatIsAnemia/causes.htm
Cardiovascular Response to Altitude ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ventilatory Response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Brooks, G. (2005). Exercise Physiology 4th Ed. New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
Post altitude effects: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Rusko, et al.(2004). Altitude and endurance training.  Journal of Sports Sciences,  22:10, 928 — 945
Post altitude effects: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Brooks, G. (2005).  Exercise Physiology 4th Ed . New York: Mcgraw-Hill. WILBER, R. L (2007). Application of Altitude/Hypoxic Training by Elite Athletes.  Medicine and  Science in  Sports and Exercise.  39 (9): 1610-1624 Rusko, et al.(2004). Altitude and endurance training.  Journal of Sports Sciences,  22:10, 928 — 945
Does it work? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Altitude Training
Traditional approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Controlled studies that showed No benefits
Controlled studies-Benefits Friedmann-Bette, B. Classical Altitude Training. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2008: 18 (Suppl. 1): 11–20
Live High- Train Low ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],WILBER, R. L. et al. (2007). Effect of Hypoxic "Dose" on Physiological Responses and Sea-Level Performance.  Medicine and  Science in  Sports and Exercise.  39 (9):1590-1599
EPO changes comparison Rusko, Heikki, Tikkanen, Heikki and Peltonen, Juha(2004)'Altitude and endurance training',Journal of Sports Sciences,22:10,928 — 945
Live High-Train Low Rusko, Heikki, Tikkanen, Heikki and Peltonen, Juha(2004)'Altitude and endurance training',Journal of Sports Sciences,22:10,928 — 945
HiLo findings ,[object Object]
Comparison of HiHi and HiLo Levine, et al. (1997). ‘Living high–training low’: effect of moderate-altitude acclimatization with low altitude training on performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 83, 102–112.
HiHiLo ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Simulated Altitude ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Intermittent Hypoxic Training ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Does it work? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Responders vs. Non Responders ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Responders vs. Non Responders Chapman, R. et al. (1998). Individual variation in response to altitude training.  J. Appl. Physiol.  85(4): 1448–1456
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Negative Effects of Altitude ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Peltonen, J. et al. (1997). Effects of oxygen fraction in inspired air on force production and electromyogram activity during ergometer rowing. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 76, 495– 503.
Negative Effects of Altitude ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Negative Effects of Altitude ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Kenyan Problem ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
European vs. Kenyan Response to altitude upon arrival at Sea Level ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],After Going to Sea Level (3 weeks) AFTER  COMING  BACK  TO  SEA  LEVEL (3 weeks) STAYING AT SEA  LEVEL (6-8 weeks) STAYING  AT  SEA  LEVEL  (4-8 weeks) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Kenyan Athletes European Athletes
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],GORE, C.  et al . Nonhematological Mechanisms of Improved Sea-Level Performance after Hypoxic Exposure.  Med. Sci. Sports Exeir.,  Vol. 39, No. 9, pp. 1600-1609, 2007.
Practical Applications of Altitude Training
Optimal Dose of Altitude Training ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],WILBER, R. L. et al. (2007). Effect of Hypoxic "Dose" on Physiological Responses and Sea-Level Performance.  Medicine and  Science in  Sports and Exercise.  39 (9):1590-1599
How Long? ,[object Object],[object Object],WILBER, R. L. et al. (2007). Effect of Hypoxic "Dose" on Physiological Responses and Sea-Level Performance.  Medicine and  Science in  Sports and Exercise.  39 (9):1590-1599
Training modifications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Training Phases
Return to sea level ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Return to sea level Suslov. (1994) Basic Principles of Altitude Training.  New Science in Athletics. Pg 45-50
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fatigue Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Altitude Training