1. The French in North America By Tiffany Jacobs HIST 140 (#50607)

2. American Colonies 5 - Canada & Iroquoia 1500-1660 French were motivated by the fur trade Fur trade created mutual dependency Between French & Indians This is a controversial issue Trading led to irreversible damage to both Some think it was only damaging to natives

3. American Colonies 5 - Canada & Iroquoia French & other Europeans trade Metals Cloth Alcohol Colored, glass beads Indians trade Bright, shiny materials (Manitou) Seashells (wampum) Made weapons, tools, and jewelry with items they received in trade for furs

4. American Colonies 5 - Canada & Iroquoia The Five Nation Iroquois Hunters, gatherers, developers of horticulture Trapped beaver, fox, otter, lynx & martin Dutch introduced them to firearms Changed warfare Indians had strong desire for firearms Small pox and measles killed over 50% of the Iroquois population between 1633 & 1635 “Mourning Wars” further devastated population

5. American Colonies 5 - Canada & Iroquoia “Mourning Wars” Vicious cycle of loss Condolence ritual where a captive was taken from another tribe Captives were tortured and then either adopted into family or burned to death Chief prophet, Deganawida, preached peace & unity and an end to these rituals The ongoing internal violence threatened the five nations

6. American Colonies 16 - French America 1650-1750 French were allied with Indians in the north The alliances were established as a result of the fur trade French used these alliances with Indians to protect Canada & keep British at bay

7. American Colonies 16 - French America French preferred their homeland French were less intrigued with the New World Despite the hardships in France, many preferred the known to the unknown Short growing season and harsh weather were a deterrent too Many who did emigrate to New France considerably enhanced their standard of living

8. American Colonies 16 - French America After 1700, the prosperity increased near St. Lawrence River valley Growing population Peace with the Iroquois after a bloody defeat for the Upper Country Usable farmland tripled Mission Indians provided protection from British French intermarried with natives

9. American Colonies 16 - French America French wanted to link Canada to Gulf Established a series of fortified trading posts (fur trade) Used Indians to secure and maintain posts French became experts at negotiating agreements with natives They used gifts and native rituals to win them over Did not fight the Indians or try to enslave them