This document discusses learning styles and models. It describes the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic (VAK) learning styles model and provides examples of each. It also outlines Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences model, describing the linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligences. The document suggests study tools and methods tailored to each learning style and intelligence. Learners are encouraged to determine their own styles and apply the appropriate strategies.

1. NUR 558
Unit 3 – Learning Styles

2. Objectives
• Describe the different styles of learning.
• Develop awareness of various approaches to
studying based on one’s preferred style of
learning.
• Identify one’s individual learning style.

3. Learning Styles
• Learning styles are the various approaches or
ways of learning.
• They are particular to each individual.
• They involve educational methods that allow
individuals to learn the best.

4. Overview
• VAK learning styles
– Visual learners
– Auditory learners
– Kinesthetic learners
• The Multiple Intelligences Model
– Linguistic
– Logical-Mathematical
– Musical
– Bodily-Kinesthetic
– Spatial-Visual
– Interpersonal
– Intrapersonal

5. VAK learning styles
(Chapman, 2005)

6. Visual Learners
• Visual learning refers to a person's ability to
perceive, analyze, and understand visual
information in the world around them.
• Learn best when taught using
written, modeled, or diagrammed instruction and
visual media.
• Tend to be readers who diligently take down
every word.

7. Auditory Learners
• Learn primarily through listening.
• They focus their ears and attention on your
words, listening carefully to everything you say.
• They like to talk rather than write and discuss
what they've heard.

8. Kinesthetic Learners
• Process information best through a “hands-on”
experience.
• Learn best by actually doing an activity or being
physically active in the learning environment.

9. VAK Learning Style Inventory
Read the bolded column on the left. Choose how you would normally approach the task. Put a point
in the column that applies to you, in general. Total the columns to indicate your relative learning
style preference/s. The column/s with the most points is it!
Visual Auditory Kinesthetic
operate new equipment read instructions listen to explanation have a go
travel directions look at a map ask for spoken directions use a compass
cook a new dish follow a recipe call a friend for explanation taste as you cook
teach someone demonstrate and let them
something write instructions explain verbally have a go
you'd say.. I see what you mean I hear what you are saying I know how you feel
you'd say.. show me tell me let me try
you'd say.. watch how I do it listen to me explain you have a go
send or take it back to the
faulty goods write a letter Phone call store
leisure museums and galleries music and conversation playing sport
buying gifts books music tools and gadgets
shopping look and imagine discuss with shop staff try on and test
choose a vacation read the brochures listen to recommendations imagine the experience
choose a new car read the reviews discuss with friends test-drive
TOTALS:

10. Study Tools
Visual learners:
• Develop graphic organizers for new material
• Draw mind maps
• Develop charts and graphs
• Use highlighter to emphasis key points
• Visualize Material
Auditory learners:
• Record lectures
• Study in groups
• Participate in discussions
• Read and answer questions out loud
• “talk your way” through problems
Kinesthetic learners:
• Participate in projects
• Make note cards or sample tests
• Take frequent breaks and move around
• Copy key points onto dry erase board

11. Howard Gardner’s
Multiple Intelligence Model
(Chapman, 2005)

12. Linguistic
• Refers to an individuals ability to understand and
manipulate words and languages.
• Includes reading, writing, speaking, and other
forms of verbal and written communication
• People such as poets authors, and attorneys
exhibit strong linguistic intelligence
• Highly valued in today’s education system

13. Logical-Mathematical
• Individuals ability to analyze problems
logically, carry out mathematical operations, and
investigate issues scientifically.
• Likes to play strategy games and solve
mathematical problems
• Real life examples are Albert Einstein, Niehls
Bohr, and John Dewery.
• Highly valued in today’s education system

14. Musical
• Involves skill in the
performance, composition, and appreciation of
musical patterns.
• It encompasses the capacity to recognize and
compose musical pitches, tones, and rhythms.
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Louis Armstrong
are examples.

15. Bodily-Kinesthetic
• Entails the potential of using one's whole body
or parts of the body to solve problems.
• It is the ability to use mental abilities to
coordinate bodily movements.
• Likes to move around, touch the people they are
talking to, and act things out.
• People with this intelligence are Michael
Jordan, Martina Naratilova, and Jim Carey.

16. Spatial-Visual
• An individual’s ability to recognize and use the
patterns of wide space and more confined
areas.
• Learn best from visual presentations such as
movies, pictures, videos, and demonstrations
using models or props.
• Real life examples include Pablo Picasso, Bobby
Fisher, and Georgia O’Keefe

17. Interpersonal
• Refers to an individual's ability to understand the
intentions, motivations and desires of other
people.
• It allows people to work effectively with others.
• Educators, salespeople, religious and political
leaders and counselors all need a well-
developed interpersonal intelligence.

18. Intrapersonal
• Refers to an individual’s capacity to understand
oneself, to appreciate one's feelings, fears and
motivations.
• Involves having an effective working model of
ourselves, and to be able to use such
information to regulate our lives.
• Classic autobiographers such as Jena Paul
Satre and Frederik Douglas are examples.

19. Multiple Intelligence
Learning Style Inventory
• http://surfaquarium.com/MI/inventory.htm
• http://www.literacyworks.org/mi/assessment/find
yourstrengths.html
• Choose one, go on the web, and figure out what
your intelligences are!

20. Various Methods of Study
• Linguistic
– record lectures, take notes
• Logical-Mathematical
– form concepts,
• Musical
– turn information into lyrics, tapping out time during studying
• Bodily-Kinesthetic
– act out or role play the information, review of material while engaging in
physical activity
• Visual-Spatial
– construct graphs, charts, or pictures of information
• Interpersonal
– work and/or study in groups, use of conferencing or email
• Intrapersonal
– work and/or study independently, use of reflection such as journaling

21. Identify what type of learner
you are and do what works
best for you!
• Chapman, A. (2005). Howard Gardner multiple intelligence and vak learning styles. Retrieved from
http://www.businessballs.com/learningstyles.htm